Este artículo propone un estudio de las relaciones entre el crítico de arte Enrico Crispolti y los pintores informalistas Antonio Saura, Manolo Millares y Rafael Canogar. Los fundamentos de este ...estudio son, por una parte, los contenidos de la correspondencia (inédita) mantenida entre ellos, y por otra, los análisis del crítico referidos a la obra de dichos artistas.
Faced with the rapid growth of African cities, states fail to produce enough housing for the entire population and the most vulnerable families go living in the outskirts of cities, in areas ...so-called "spontaneous settlements". Built out of the formal and legal process of urbanization, these areas are often invisible in the planning documents, although they may harbor the majority of the urban population. In Burkina Faso, these districts are called “non-lotis”. Despite their informality and their invisibility, these neighborhoods “in between” – social, spatial and legal “in between” - are an integral part of the city’s urbanization process and materialize a new type of urbanity, halfway between rural and urban and between "formal" and "informal".
This paper contributes to studies of care practices and care ethics beyond the Minority world by analysing informal caringscapes after a family death in urban Senegal. Based on the findings of a ...qualitative study in the cities of Dakar and Kaolack, we explore exchanges of care by the living for the living in the period immediately following the death, and changes in these care practices over the longer term. We focus on mobilities and changing care roles in family lives over time. We demonstrate the central significance of family commitments and concern for the wellbeing of the 'family' in caring exchanges. We suggest that a deeply relational understanding of personhood as bound up with family and community underlies many current caring practices in urban Senegal and challenges current conceptualisations of care interdependencies.
Dieser Artikel basiert auf den Ergebnissen einer Studie zur Kompetenzentwicklung von Freiwilligen im Alter von 16 bis 25 Jahren. Die Datengrundlage dieser qualitativen Studie bilden die Transkripte ...von 41 halbstrukturierten Interviews. Um den Platz und die Rolle zu verstehen, die Freiwilligenarbeit von Jugendlichen innerhalb ihrer anderen Lebensbereiche einnimmt, schlägt dieser Beitrag vor, die Begriffe des Wechselspiels zwischen den Bereichen, der Andersartigkeit, des Staunens und des boundary crossing zu verwenden. Wir analysieren hier neun Interviews, um darzustellen wie diese Jugendlichen Verbindungen und Durchlässigkeit zwischen den Bereichen Freiwilligenarbeit, Ausbildung und Beruf herstellen, oder im Gegenteil Grenzen zwischen diesen Bereichen ziehen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Freiwilligenarbeit unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen als ein Ort des informellen Lernens verstanden werden kann, der Ressourcen in Bezug auf die Kompetenzentwicklung, die Identitätsentwicklung und die eigenen Zukunftsvorstellungen bereitstellt. (DIPF/Orig.).
Cet article repose sur les résultats d'une recherche portant sur le développement de compétences chez les bénévoles de 16 à 25 ans. Le corpus de cette recherche qualitative comprend les transcriptions de 41 entretiens semi-directifs. Cette contribution propose de mobiliser les notions d'alternance, d'altérité, d'étonnement et de boundary crossing pour comprendre la place et le rôle que prend l'activité bénévole des jeunes parmi les autres sphères de leur existence. Nous analysons ici neuf témoignages tires de ce corpus pour rendre compte de la manière dont ces jeunes négocient des passages, des ouvertures, ou au contraire érigent des frontières entre leur sphère de bénévolat, leur sphère de formation et leur sphère professionnelle. Les résultats montrent que sous certaines conditions, le bénévolat peut être considéré comme un lieu d'apprentissage informel offrant des ressources en termes de développement de compétences, de construction identitaire et de projection de soi. (DIPF/Orig.).
Résumé
Dans la plupart des études, les travailleurs de l’économie informelle sont présentés comme un tout homogène. Les auteurs considèrent pourtant qu'il peut y avoir parmi eux des gagnants et des ...perdants. En utilisant des régressions quantiles sur distribution non conditionnelle et des données issues d'une enquête auprès des ménages indonésiens (IFLS), ils estiment l’écart de rémunération entre travailleurs formels et travailleurs informels à différents points de la répartition des gains. Ils montrent que la pénalité de revenu aux dépens des travailleurs informels, manifeste et sensible pour certains d'entre eux, n'est pas systématique, confirmant ainsi la thèse de Fields (1990 et 2005) sur l'emploi informel hétérogène.
Dust and Dignity de Casanova, Erynn Masi; Salazar, Maximina
09/2019
eBook
What makes domestic work a bad job, even after efforts to formalize and improve working conditions? Erynn Masi de Casanova's case study, based partly on collaborative research conducted with ...Ecuador's pioneer domestic workers' organization, examines three reasons for persistent exploitation. First, the tasks of social reproduction are devalued. Second, informal work arrangements escape regulation. And third, unequal class relations are built into this type of employment. Accessible to advocates and policymakers as well as academics, this book provides both theoretical discussions about domestic work and concrete ideas for improving women's lives. Drawing on workers' stories of lucha, trabajo, and sacrificio —struggle, work, and sacrifice— Dust and Dignity offers a new take on an old occupation. From the intimate experience of being a body out of place in an employer's home, to the common work histories of Ecuadorian women in different cities, to the possibilities for radical collective action at the national level, Casanova shows how and why women do this stigmatized and precarious work and how they resist exploitation in the search for dignified employment. From these searing stories of workers' lives, Dust and Dignity identifies patterns in domestic workers' experiences that will be helpful in understanding the situation of workers elsewhere and offers possible solutions for promoting and ensuring workers' rights that have relevance far beyond Ecuador.
In China, credit is booming, so is subprime credit. Instead of disrupting the banks, fintech is energizing the subprime credit sector while helping the banks.
This report examines the impact of xenophobic violence on Zimbabweans who are trying to make a living in the South African informal sector and finds that xenophobic violence has several key ...characteristics that put them at constant risk of losing their livelihoods and their lives. The businesses run by migrants and refugees in the informal sector are a major target of South Africa s extreme xenophobia. Attitudinal surveys clearly show that South Africans differentiate migrants by national origin and that Zimbabweans are amongst the most disliked. This report is based on a survey of informal sector enterprises in Cape Town and Johannesburg; and 50 in-depth interviews with Zimbabwean informal business owners in Cape Town, Johannesburg and Polokwane who had been affected by xenophobic violence. In many areas, community leaders are ineffective in dealing with the violence and, in some cases, they actively foment hostility and instigate attacks. The fact that migrant entrepreneurs provide goods, including food, at competitive prices and offer credit to consumers is clearly insufficient to protect them when violence erupts. However, the deep-rooted crisis in Zimbabwe makes return home a non- viable option and Zimbabweans instead adopt several self-protection strategies, none of which is ultimately an insurance against xenophobic attack. The findings in this report demonstrate that xenophobic violence fails in its two main aims: to drive migrant entrepreneurs out of business and to drive them out of the country.
This study examines market women's participation in peacebuilding in the Ekumfi-Narkwa community in the Central Region of Ghana. In peacebuilding, women are often considered victims and passive ...targets for aid, rather than contributors to the process. Many studies and peacebuilders have neglected the critical role played by women in the informal sector in peacebuilding, especially at the local level. This study examines how local women help build everyday peace in their community through informal means. Twenty women and four men were purposively selected and interviewed. The results show that women in the informal sector draw on bonding and bridging social capital to improve peacebuilding processes in their community. Although the women studied were not well organised and did not have much formal education, they were able to contribute to peace in their community by creating and using informal social networks/bonds. We argue that women's societal positions are aspects of social capital that make women agents of "everyday peace" who mobilise to aid informal peacebuilding efforts in the community. However, their efforts are not being recognised and supported in organising peacebuilding activities, especially during conflict.
Résumé
L'économie informelle fournit l'essentiel de l'emploi dans nombre de pays émergents. Selon la théorie de la régulation, l'activité économique est régie par un ensemble complexe de règles ...formelles et informelles. Les auteurs examinent, à partir du cas du Mozambique, les éléments qui favorisent ou entravent la transition vers l'économie formelle, ainsi que les diverses formes de régulation, en s'appuyant sur une enquěte qualitative conjuguant observation directe et entretiens avec des personnalités locales. Les données recueillies font apparaître un rôle ambivalent de l'Etat, qui se montre parfois volontariste et soucieux de réformer la réglementation et les institutions et parfois partisan du statu quo.
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