ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan membangun sistem Internet of Things (IoT) untuk pengendalian penyiraman otomatis pada perkebunan Jambu Biji Kristal di Pondok Paman Petani, Pontianak. Sistem ini ...memantau kelembaban tanah dan mengatur kendali penyiraman melalui aplikasi Android. Sistem ini diaplikasikan pada dua tanaman Jambu Biji Kristal. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan sensor resistive soil moisture memiliki error rata-rata 0,97% dan 0,98% untuk dua tanaman Jambu Biji Kristal. Waktu respon katup solenoid valve pada penyiraman tanaman pertama adalah 1,35 detik saat terbuka dan 1,33 detik saat tertutup. Pada tanaman kedua, waktu respon katup saat terbuka adalah 1,41 detik dan saat tertutup adalah 1,32 detik. Waktu respon pompa air untuk dinyalakan adalah 1,38 detik dan untuk dimatikan adalah 1,31 detik. Dari hasil pengujian, sistem yang diusulkan dapat digunakan untuk memantau kelembaban tanah dan mengatur penyiraman. Kata kunci: Jambu Biji Kristal, Penyiraman, Internet of Things, Android  ABSTRACT This research aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT) system for automated irrigation control in the Crystal Seed Guava plantation at Pondok Paman Petani, Pontianak. The system monitors soil moisture and regulates irrigation control through an Android application. This system was applied to two Crystal Seed Guava plants. The experimental outcomes reveal that the resistive soil moisture sensor has an average error of 0.97% and 0.98% for two Crystal Seed Guava plants, respectively. The solenoid valve response time for the first plant during irrigation is 1.35 seconds when open and 1.33 seconds when closed. For the second plant, the valve response time when open is 1.41 seconds and when closed is 1.32 seconds. The water pump activation response time is 1.38 seconds, while the deactivation response time is 1.31 seconds. From the test results, the proposed system can be used to monitor soil moisture and regulate watering. Keywords: Crystal Seed Guava, Irrigation, Internet of Things, Android
The republishing activities of Kaba books carried out by the publisher Kristal Multimedia cannot be separated from the publisher Pustaka Indonesia, one of the earliest publishers managed by local ...communities in Bukittinggi during the Dutch colonial administration. Sixteen of the eighteen Kaba books that were printed were republished from the publisher Pustaka Indonesia. This research uses the republishing of Kaba books by Kristal Multimedia publisher as its material object. The formal object is doxa which the publisher of Kristal Multimedia expresses. The purpose of this study is to determine the background that causes the publishers of Kristal Multimedia to continue operating and is serious about republishing Kaba books. The research method used is qualitative research methods with interview data collection techniques and the use of documents. The theory used in this research is the arena of cultural production proposed by Pierre Bourdieu, focus the discussion of doxa, heterodoxa and orthodoxa. Doxa expressed by Kristal Multimedia publisher is heterodoxa, contradicting the doksa expressed by the publisher Pustaka Indonesia as a publisher that also produces school and religious textbooks. Kristal Multimedia Publisher focuses on all its publications in Minangkabau cultural books, such as the Kaba book.
AbstractCrystal coconut sugar contains reducing sugar in crystal coconut sugar which can cause crystal coconut sugar to be hygroscopic and make crystal coconut sugar easily absorb water. Efforts to ...slow down the rate of deterioration of crystal coconut sugar products can be done by packaging. Storage of crystal coconut sugar by vacuum packaging is an effort to inhibit the absorption of moisture from the environment so as to extend its shelf life. The aims of this study were 1) to examine the effect of storage and packaging temperature on several quality parameters of crystalline coconut sugar in vacuum packaging and 2) to develop the Arhenius Model Accelerated Shelf Life Test (ASLT) method to predict the shelf life of crystalline coconut sugar in vacuum packaging. This study used dried crystalline coconut sugar which was packaged using three different types of packaging, namely polyethylene (PE), vacuum packaging, and aluminum foil and then stored using different temperatures, namely 30°C and 15°C. then stored for 5 weeks and observed every 7 days. The results of calculations using the Arrhenius equation for the shelf life of crystalline coconut sugar with 2 storage temperatures and 3 different packages respectively, namely, PE packaging with a temperature of 30°C 1160 days and a temperature of 15°C 1697 days, vacuum packaging a temperature of 30°C 1504 days, temperature 15°C 2155 days, aluminum foil packaging temperature 30°C 7685 days and temperature 15°C 7690 days.Keyword : Shelf life, crystal coconut sugar, vacuum packaging, ASLT, arrheniusAbstrakGula kelapa kristal memiliki kandungan gula pereduksi yang dapat menyebabkan produk bersifat higroskopis dan mudah menyerap air. Upaya untuk memperlambat laju kerusakan produk gula kelapa kristal dapat dilakukan dengan pengemasan. Penyimpanan gula kelapa kristal dengan pengemasan vakum merupakan upaya untuk menghambat penyerapan uap air dari lingkungan sehingga dapat memperpanjang umur simpannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) mengkaji pengaruh suhu penyimpanan dan kemasan terhadap beberapa parameter mutu gula kelapa kristal dalam kemasan vakum dan 2) mengembangkan Metode Accelerated Shelf Life Test (ASLT) Model Arhenius untuk menduga umur simpan gula kelapa kristal dalam kemasan vakum. Penelitian ini menggunakan gula kelapa kristal yang sudah dikeringkan kemudian dikemas dengan menggunakan tiga jenis kemasan yang berberda yaitu, kemasan polietilen (PE), kemasan vakum, dan alumunium foil kemudian disimpan dengan menggunakan suhu yang berbeda yaitu suhu 30°C dan 15°C, disimpan selama 5 minggu dan dilakukan pengamatan setiap 7 hari sekali. Hasil perhitungan menggunakan persamaan Arrhenius umur simpan gula kelapa kristal dengan 2 suhu penyimpanan dan 3 kemasan yang berbeda berturut-turut yaitu, kemasan PE dengan suhu 30°C 1160 hari dan suhu 15°C 1697 hari, kemasan vakum suhu 30°C 1504 hari, suhu 15°C 2155 hari, kemasan alumunium foil suhu 30°C 7685 hari dan suhu 15°C 7690 hari.
Bu
çalışmada mavi faz sıvı kristallerin fiziksel özellikleri, fotonik ve optik
uygulamaları hakkında genel bir bilgi verilmiştir. Mavi faz, izotropik sıvı ile
kolesterik faz arasında bulunan bir sıvı ...kristal fazıdır. Çift bükümlü her bir
silindirik yapı bu sistemin temel birimini oluşturur ve kendi kendine
birleşerek üç boyutlu bir yapı meydana getirirler. Geleneksel bir sıvı kristal
ile karşılaştırıldığında; milisaniyenin altında tepki hızı, herhangi bir
hizalama katmanına ihtiyaç duymaması, optiksel olarak izotropik olması,
ekranlar için geniş bir görüş açısı sağlaması ve hücre kalınlığına duyarlı
olmaması mavi faz sıvı kristallerin kendine özgü fiziksel üstünlükleridir. Mavi
faz sıvı kristaller bahsedilen bu avantajlarından dolayı optik sistemlerde, görüntüleme
cihazlarında ve diğer benzeri uygulama alanlarında belirgin bir kullanım
potansiyeline sahiptir.
Crystal coconut sugar production will produce waste which will have an impact on environmental pollution. Waste generated is liquid waste and solid waste. Waste reduction handling can applied to ..."green manufacturing" principle. Research aims are: (1) identify waste generated, (2) determine green manufacturing opportunities, (3) green manufacturing opportunities analyze feasibility, and (4) green manufacturing implementation determine priority. Research phase includes: (1) quick scan analysis, (2) material, energy and waste flows identification, (3) alternative green manufacturing opportunities, (4) feasibility analysis (financial, technical and environmental), and (5) determination green manufacturing implementing priority. Results showed that ant sugar production produces waste in excrement on sap form, ashes from combustion, energy loss, crystal nuclei, and spilled sugar. Green manufacturing alternatives that are technically, environmentally and financially feasible are ash into inorganic fertilizers utilization, replacing cooking furnace, modifying drying equipment, replacing process materials, repairing and modifying screening, drying and packaging equipment. Implementing green manufacturing priority alternatives indicates that main alternatives to implemented are repairs and screening, drying and packaging equipment modifications which are considered technical and technological capabilities good in criteria, finance, human resources (HR), and environment. These results indicate that "Green Manufacturing" in rural SMEs crystal coconut sugar to increase global competitiveness "Green Economy".
Bu çalışmada, Ni(II)Pc (nikel(II)ftalosiyanin) ve CdSeS/ZnS (cadmium selenide sulfide/zinc sulfide) kuantum nokta katkılı 5CB (4-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl) nematik sıvı kristal kompozit yapıların ...dielektrik özellikleri ile birlikte bu özelliklerin makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları ile tahminlenmesi rapor edilmektedir. Konsantrasyon oranının dielektrik özelliklere etkilerini saptamak için 5CB nematik sıvı kristal yapıya ağırlıkça %2 ve %5 oranında Ni(II)Pc ve CdSeS/ZnS kuantum nokta katkılanmıştır. Numunelerin dielektrik ölçümleri, dielektrik spektroskopi yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, dielektrik sabitinin reel (ε^') ve sanal bileşenlerinin (ε^'') tahmini için k-En Yakın Komşu, Karar Ağacı, Rastgele Orman algoritmaları kullanmış ve algoritmaların tahmin performansları karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Algoritmalarda girdi parametreleri frekans, voltaj ve katkı oranı; çıktı parametreleri ise, dielektrik sabitinin reel (ε^') ve sanal bileşenleri (ε^'') olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre dielektrik sabitinin en iyi tahmin performansına Rastgele Orman algoritması ile ulaşılmıştır.
Bu çalışmada, nematik fazdaki 4-propoxy-biphenyl-4-carbonitrile’in sıcaklığa bağlı dielektrik geçirgenliğinin ölçümleri raporlanmıştır. Bu amaçla 1 kHz ila 1MHz frekans aralığında sıcaklığa bağlı ...dielektrik karakterizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sözü edilen malzeme nematik fazda pozitif dielektrik anizotropik özellik göstermektedir. Ayrıca uzun eksen etrafında molekül rotasyonuna karşılık gelen dielektrik gevşeme frekansları sıcaklığın bir fonksiyonu olarak ölçülmüş ve gevşeme sürecinin aktivasyon enerjisi Arrhenius metodu vasıtasıyla belirlenmiştir.
In the present investigation, the temperature dependent measurements of dielectric permittivity for 4-propoxy-biphenyl-4-carbonitrile was reported in the nematic region. Temperature-dependent dielectric characterization was carried out over the frequency range of 1 kHz to 1MHz. The compound shows positive dielectric anisotropy in the nematic phase. The dielectric relaxation frequencies corresponding to the molecular rotation around the long axis were measured as a function of temperature. The activation energy of relaxation process was determined by means of the Arrhenius relation.
Elektronik cihazlar uygulamalarında kullanılan organik yarıiletkenlerin moleküler yapıları ve düzenlilikleri cihaz performansı üzerinde oldukça önemli özelliklerdir. Bu çalışmada, elektronik ...cihazlarda sıklıkla tercih edilen antrasenin fiziksel buhar iletimi (PVT) yöntemiyle büyük boyutlu ve yüksek moleküler düzene sahip tek kristalleri büyütülmüştür. Açık sistem PVT yönteminde kullanılan argon gazının akış hızının büyütülen tek kristallerin yapısal, optik ve elektriksel özellikleri üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Büyütülen tek kristaller optik mikroskop, AFM, XRD ve UV-Vis absorpsiyon spektroskopisi ile karakterize edilmiştir. Yapısal ve optik analizler sonucunda gaz akış hızının kristal özellikleri üzerinde büyük etkiye sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. 3,0 L sa-1 argon akış hızında büyütülen antrasen tek kristallerinin en ince (670 nm) ve en yüksek elektriksel iletkenlik değerine (1,80x10-4 S cm-1) sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışma, yüksek performanslı elektronik cihazlarda kullanılacak organik yarıiletken tek kristallerinin özelliklerinin gaz akış hızı ile değiştirilebileceği gösterilmiştir.
Molecular structure and ordering of organic semiconductors used in electronic devices are the key parameters on device performance. In this study, anthracene single crystals with large size and high quality, which is one of most widely used organic semiconductor, were growth by open physical vapour transport (PVT) process. The effect of inert argon flow rate used in open PVT method on structural, optical and electrical properties of anthracene single crystals was investigated. The single crystals were characterized by optical microscope, AFM, XRD and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. According to structural and optical properties, it was observed that the argon flow rate has a strong effect on single crystal properties. It was determined that the thinnest (670 nm) single crystal and the highest electrical conductivity (1.80x10-4 S cm-1) were obtain under 3.0 L h-1 argon flow rate. Herein, it was concluded that the properties of organic semiconductor single crystals utilized in high performance electronic devices could be easily tuned.
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