Objective:
To describe the creation of an educational podcast with ‘living cases’ of older adults to support students’ learning on a gerontology course and report on students’ evaluation of the ...project.
Setting:
Gerontology course in a graduate programme.
Method:
We developed a podcast series based on interviews with older adults in the community following recent guidelines for creating educational podcasts. The podcast episodes were used in a case-based group assignment to work on during the course and to present findings at the end.
Evaluation:
Student experiences were evaluated using a mixed-methods survey.
Results:
From November 2019 to January 2021, case-based podcasts, averaging 17 minutes in length, were created and evaluated. Most students found the content of the podcasts relevant to working with older adults and increased their understanding of the issues facing members of that population. Qualitative analysis of the survey findings found that the overall strengths of the podcasts were that they were well structured, provided an authentic, real-world experience, allowed listeners to experience an innovative teaching strategy, promoted reflection, and encouraged students to consider a future career working with older adults. Students also recommended ways to improve the podcasts.
Conclusion:
Delivering living case studies using podcasts is a feasible, inexpensive and effective teaching method for improving physiotherapy students’ attitudes towards caring for older adults. Students enjoyed learning via the podcasts and found them a valuable way to better understand the issues facing older adults. The living case podcasts could have broad applicability to other aging and health courses.
Perceptual Learning of Noise Vocoded Words Hervais-Adelman, Alexis; Davis, Matthew H; Johnsrude, Ingrid S ...
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance,
04/2008, Volume:
34, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Speech
comprehension is resistant to acoustic distortion in the input, reflecting
listeners' ability to adjust perceptual processes to match the speech input.
This adjustment is reflected in improved ...comprehension of distorted speech with
experience. For noise vocoding, a manipulation that removes spectral detail from
speech, listeners' word report showed a significantly greater improvement over
trials for listeners that heard clear speech presentations before rather than
after hearing distorted speech (clear-then-distorted compared with
distorted-then-clear feedback, in Experiment 1). This perceptual learning
generalized to untrained words suggesting a sublexical locus for learning and
was equivalent for word and nonword training stimuli (Experiment 2). These
findings point to the crucial involvement of phonological short-term memory and
top-down processes in the perceptual learning of noise-vocoded speech. Similar
processes may facilitate comprehension of speech in an unfamiliar accent or
following cochlear implantation.
This article proposes ways how to access emotions in Islamic preaching. Conceptually, it brings together the often-juxtaposed spheres of body and mind; nature and culture; aesthetics and religion. ...Based on extensive research on Islamic sermons in Bangladesh between 2012 and 2015, it stresses the form of public speech as the means to access the emotional potentials of oratory. It argues that a focus on emotions allows us to gain a deeper understanding of Islam as an aesthetic and political formation while at the same time emphasizing processes over static ideas of identity and complicating ideas of political participation. Sermons offer listeners emotionalized roles that are not reducible to state or party narratives and reorient the relationship to nationalism as much as other parts of subjectivities, such as masculinity, sense of justice, or imaginations of the future. The article shows how these debates can be linked to emotions engrained in the vocal qualities of Islamic preaching. To make this argument, it intervenes in debates about the concepts of emotions and affects. It furthermore stresses the role of humour in making emotional potentials transcend a private or literary sphere rather than, as has been done in previous literature, a merely relaxing aspect of oratory. From this perspective, Islamic preaching gatherings evolve as communicative practices that crucially shape configurations of community, extends of the political, and gendered subjectivities.
The paper aims at tracing the genealogy of modern Tamil sexual literature in the medieval/early modern prostitutional texts written with the patronage of local landlords and rulers, namely ...Pāḷaiyakkārars, between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries AD. Ruling as feudatories of the Nayaka, the courts of these local rulers emerged as major centers for literary patronage and production. In the history of Tamil literature, this period also witnessed the growth of many new literary genres, often classified into the category of minor genres (cirrilakkiyam), composed aiming at an altogether new category of consumers beyond the usual courtly circles. Now, in the erotic textual representation, the sacredness or hubris associated with eroticism gradually reduced. Instead of narrating God's or the King's sexual encounters with the courtesans, ordinary men's relationship with a prostitute became a major theme. Viṟaliviṭu Tūtu was one such popular literary genre of this time.
The article discusses the social context of the texts produced under this genre and brings forth a 'colonial debate' held in favor of/or against classifying them as 'obscene'. This colonial intervention created a tension and rethinking among Tamil scholars. With the advent of print, when these texts were reproduced from the original palm-leaf manuscripts, the Tamil scholars (editors) were haunted by an ethical dilemma, which forced them to give a cautionary note requesting the text should not be read for sexual pleasure. The article ends with a survey of twentieth century Tamil sexual literature. Some of them reproduced the Viṟaliviṭu Tūtu in prose form with 'obscene' photos/drawings of women, while others narrated stories of prostitutes and their business, claiming to give a moral message to the society. In this context, whether these late medieval texts were composed to 'educate or to arouse' their readers/listeners is a question which finds no convincing answer.
Perception of Emotional Expression in Musical Performance Bhatara, Anjali; Tirovolas, Anna K; Duan, Lilu Marie ...
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance,
06/2011, Volume:
37, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Expression in musical performance is largely communicated by the "manner" in which a piece is played; interpretive aspects that supplement the written score. In piano performance, timing and ...amplitude are the principal parameters the performer can vary. We examined the way in which such variation serves to communicate emotion by manipulating timing and amplitude in performances of classical piano pieces. Over three experiments, listeners rated the emotional expressivity of performances and their manipulated versions. In Experiments 1 and 2, timing and amplitude information were covaried; judgments were monotonically decreasing with performance variability, demonstrating that the rank ordering of acoustical manipulations was captured by participants' responses. Further, participants' judgments formed an S-shaped (sigmoidal) function in which greater sensitivity was seen for musical manipulations in the middle of the range than at the extremes. In Experiment 3, timing and amplitude were manipulated independently; timing variation was found to provide more expressive information than did amplitude. Across all three experiments, listeners demonstrated sensitivity to the expressive cues we manipulated, with sensitivity increasing as a function of musical experience. (Contains 7 figures, 4 tables, and 1 footnote.)
Most research on the rapid mental processes of online language processing has been limited to the study of idealized, fluent utterances. Yet speakers are often disfluent, for example, saying "thee, ...uh, candle" instead of "the candle" By monitoring listeners' eye movements to objects in a display, we demonstrated that the fluency of an article ("thee uh" vs. "the") affects how listeners interpret the following noun. With a fluent article, listeners were biased toward an object that had been mentioned previously, but with a disfluent article, they were biased toward an object that had not been mentioned. These biases were apparent as early as lexical information became available, showing that disfluency affects the basic processes of decoding linguistic input.
Previous language attitude research indicates that presenting speech forms allows listeners to index information about and attach social meaning to the perceived group(s) of speakers. Despite the ...volume of research undertaken elsewhere in Asia, there appear to be no in-depth studies investigating Thai nationals' evaluations of specific varieties of English speech. This large-scale study examines 204 Thai university students' attitudes towards forms of UK, US, Japanese, Chinese, Thai and Indian English, provided by highly proficient female speakers. The study also examines the extent to which Thai students' perceptions of linguistic diversity in their L1 and their gender affect their attitudes. Multivariate analysis demonstrated UK, US and Thai English speech was ranked significantly higher than other Asian forms of English, for competence and warmth, attitudinal dimensions consistent with recent findings in social cognition. Further analysis indicated females and those most positive towards L1 variation expressed significantly higher levels of ingroup loyalty towards Thai English speakers. The findings are compared and contrasted with the results of equivalent studies undertaken in other Asian contexts and, given recent cutting-edge research in social cognition confirming the primacy of warmth judgements, calls for language attitude researchers to consider speaker warmth ratings more fully in future studies.
Listeners are exposed to inconsistencies in communication; for example, when speakers' words (i.e. verbal) are discrepant with their demonstrated emotions (i.e. non-verbal). Such inconsistencies ...introduce ambiguity, which may render a speaker to be a less credible source of information. Two experiments examined whether children make credibility discriminations based on the consistency of speakers' affect cues. In Experiment 1, school-age children (7- to 8-year-olds) preferred to solicit information from consistent speakers (e.g. those who provided a negative statement with negative affect), over novel speakers, to a greater extent than they preferred to solicit information from inconsistent speakers (e.g. those who provided a negative statement with positive affect) over novel speakers. Preschoolers (4- to 5-year-olds) did not demonstrate this preference. Experiment 2 showed that school-age children's ratings of speakers were influenced by speakers' affect consistency when the attribute being judged was related to information acquisition (speakers' believability, "weird" speech), but not general characteristics (speakers' friendliness, likeability). Together, findings suggest that school-age children are sensitive to, and use, the congruency of affect cues to determine whether individuals are credible sources of information.
In this study, two perception experiments were conducted to investigate the misperception of Japanese words with devoiced vowels and/or geminate consonants by young and elderly listeners. In ...Experiment 1, eight young normal-hearing listeners participated under a white-noise condition, and eight elderly listeners participated in Experiment 2. Two types of word sets which consist of combinations of vowels (V = /i, u/) and voiceless consonants (C = /k, t, s/) were used as stimuli. The first word set involved two- or three-mora words and the second word set had 14 minimal pairs of CVC (:) V, where (:) stands for with or without a geminate consonant. The results of both experiments showed that misperception was great for words with devoiced vowels and even greater for words with geminate consonants. In particularly, the misperception of consonants including high frequency components such as /shi/ or /shu/ was observed for elderly listeners.
Previous work has shown that musicians tend to slow down as they approach phrase boundaries (phrase-final lengthening). In the present experiments, we used a paradigm from the action perception ...literature, the dwell time paradigm (Hard, Recchia, & Tversky, 2011), to investigate whether participants engage in phrase boundary lengthening when self-pacing through musical sequences. When participants used a key press to produce each successive chord of Bach chorales, they dwelled longer on boundary chords than nonboundary chords in both the original chorales and atonal manipulations of the chorales. When a novel musical sequence was composed that controlled for metrical and melodic contour cues to boundaries, the dwell time difference between boundaries and nonboundaries was greater in the tonal condition than in the atonal condition. Furthermore, similar results were found for a group of nonmusicians, suggesting that phrase-final lengthening in musical production is not dependent on musical training and can be evoked by harmonic cues.
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