Michael Agricola’s main work is the New Testament, published in 1548, a magnificent quarto volume of 700 pages with a hundred woodcuts. The basic text used was the Greek text published by Erasmus, ...Erasmus’ Latin translation, the Vulgate, the Luther Bible and the Swedish Bible from 1541. The 450 marginal glosses come from the Luther Bible and the Swedish Bible. In his translation, Agricola distinguished “the Holy Spirit’s own words,” i.e. H. the Bible text, the prefaces and marginal glosses, which were only intended to provide “clearer understanding”. The word of God is much more valuable than the word of man, so that the translator was closely tied to the text. A free translation was out of the question, let alone consciously improving the text. He was able to proceed more freely with the prefaces and marginal glosses. Most of the time he translated verbatim, but did not shy away from omissions, additions and changes when he deemed them appropriate. In this critical edition, Agricola’s marginal glosses on the New Testament are printed in parallel with their sources.
The paper is devoted to the study of lexical and semantic features of terms in the field of nanotechnology e.k. the study of semantic peculiarities of this terminology is one of the poorly studied ...issues in modern linguistics. The article examines the degree of presence of such semantic processes as polysemy, homonymy, synonymy in the provided terminology. The paper describes the main sources of origin of the abovementioned semantic processes. It is found that the same lexico-semantic processes and phenomena occur in the sublanguage of nanotechnology as in the general literary language. It is established that such semantic phenomena as intra-system and interdisciplinary homonymy, polysemy, synonymy and antonymy are observed in the terminology under study, and it is proved that ideal terms must have complete semantic neutrality. As a result, the author proves that the nanotechnological terminological vocabulary, in most cases, is neutral and unambiguous, despite the inevitability of the existence of those linguistic processes characteristic of the lexical system of the general literary language. The above phenomena become part of the development of this terminological system. Based on the conducted research, the author suggests the joint work of linguists in the creation of special dictionaries of nanotechnology.
The article provides an overview of the meanings of the Estonian core verb laskma (‘to let’), explains the development and usage of its grammatical constructions, and describes the most common ...semantic types of the laskma-causative (LET-causative). Data for this study were collected from corpora of written Estonian texts from the 16th century to the present. The first instance of the laskma-causative is impossible to ascertain due to the grammatical constructions of laskma already appearing in written texts in the 16th and 17th centuries (explained as forced grammaticalization). However, the process of grammaticalization can be elucidated through the relationships among the meanings of laskma and bridging constructions. The lexical meanings of laskma were categorized into four groups: ‘to move a substance somewhere or in some direction’, ‘to not hinder’, ‘to act at full speed’, and ‘to discharge something from a firearm’. The verb laskma appears in a permissive causative construction (causer + laskma + causee + Vda-inf), expressing the meaning of ‘to allow’. Laskma + Vda-inf also signifies ‘to ask someone to do something’. The usage of laskma + Vda-inf ‘to allow’ is the most frequent among all laskma usages in each century, currently accounting for 45% of all instances of laskma. Additionally, laskma appears in a phasal construction that denotes an initial phase (causer + laskma + causee + Vma-inf). The evolution of the da– and ma-infinitive constructions is demonstrated through the bridging constructions (“to allow to move into some place or state” and “to allow” (with the objective case)). The cases of the construction laskma + Vda-inf (‘to allow’ or ‘to ask someone to do something’) that explicitly express causer and causee were analyzed in terms of semantic roles. Among 24 different types, the three most frequent types are AGENT-PATIENT-PROCESS (28%), AGENT-PATIENT-ACTION (21%) and AGENT-PATIENT-STATE (12%).
In 1970, a language series by editor Sava Stajcic was published in ten sequels in the military magazine "Front" with a historical construct of Croatian-Serbian attempts to create a common language in ...the 19lh and first half of the 20th centuries. The author of the series set out from the wrong assumption that Croatian and Serbian are in fact a unique language that therefore they should not be divided by the polarization of the republics' variants. The series was directly inspired by the observed growing Croatian language and linguistic independence, which was, according to Stajcic, carried out in silence in the Croatian professional circles, and which is based on the Declaration on the Name and Status of the Croatian Literary Language, in spite of its all-Yugoslav political condemnation. The author names professors Ljudevit Jonke and Sjepan Babic as co-creators of such a language policy. Conceptually, the series of texts was aimed at the introduction of an institutional state political body that would exclude the scientific linguistic approach, conduct a unique-language policy in the spirit of the Novi Sad Agreement. This language was to be based on the model proposed by Mitar Pesikan, who suggested that this common language should be created by "mixing and crossing, and by taking from all four 'sacks'; Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian and Montenegrin."
Sözlü sanat üzerine metin merkezli bakış açılarından ayrılarak, folklor, konuşma etnografisi, sosyolinguistik ve edebi dil incelemelerindeki son çalışmalardan türetilen ve sözlü sanatı bir performans ...olarak gören bir yaklaşım geliştirilmiştir. Bu yaklaşımda türler, eylemler, roller ve etkinliklerdeki performansın örüntüsünün yanı sıra metin, etkinlik ve sosyal yapıda kendini gösteren performansın ortaya çıkan niteliği tartışılmıştır.
Brogues and Blarney Walshe, Shane
English text construction,
12/2023, Volume:
16, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Abstract From the earliest days, Irish characters have played a prominent role in American comics. The hero of Hogan’s Alley , the first American comic strip to feature a speech balloon, was an Irish ...child named Mickey Dugan, a.k.a. “The Yellow Kid”. Likewise, the star of Happy Hooligan , the first US comic strip to employ speech balloons on a regular basis, was Irish. Thus, not only are Irish characters important in the early history of American comics, their speech is too. The way that this was represented resembled existing portrayals in pop culture, involving respellings, non-standard grammar and lexical items deemed typical of the variety. While some of these continued to index Irishness in comics, others also emerged. Building on previous research, this study examines a corpus of American comics from numerous genres and publishing houses to offer the most comprehensive overview yet of Irish speech in the medium.
In linguistics, the study of the characteristics of acquisition of dialects is of particular importance. In particular, the study of dialects based on written and oral literary examples plays an ...important role for research in this field. Until 1920, Azerbaijani dialects played a fundamental role in the development of the literary language of Azerbaijan. The role of dialects in enriching the lexicon of the literary language is irreplaceable. Thus, dialect words have become the source and base of the lexicon of the literary language. Now this process is going in another direction. In other words, the literary language affects dialects and changes them, creates conditions and grounds for the reduction and disappearance of the expressive function of dialect words. But for now, dialects remain as an independent language unit in the national language. As the literary language affects the dialects, their phonetic, grammatical systems and pronunciation rules also change. They lose their unique features and approach the literary language. The research article deals with the creation of words related to dialects in prose. Word formation of both suffixes is proved by selected examples from the literature. In conclusion, let’s note that word-forming affixes have more stylistic features in works written in spoken language, and their study is important from a philological aspect.
Cet article examine comment le pluriculturalisme et l'hétérogénéité menent a la mutation de langue d'écriture et a la réorientation des imaginaires dans la littérature réunionnaise en général et dans ...les romans d'Axel Gauvin en particulier. Nous abordons le concept de « l'imaginaire des langues », entamé par Édouard Glissant, qui nous mene a jeter un coup d'œil sur les rapports que tiennent les personnages de Gauvin avec les langues diverses qu'ils possedent et qui les possedent. La problématique fondamentale de la littérature réunionnaise, celle d'habiter un lieu qui est essentiellement pluriculturel et plurilingue, impose une ouverture incontournable a cette pluralité. Il s'agit d'une exigence qui implique un double travail textuel : l'un, au plan langagier (par l'emploi d'un langage littéraire plurilingue), l'autre, au plan de l'imaginaire (par la réorientation de l'imaginaire employé).
The work is devoted to the study of the vocabulary of youth groups in Yoshkar-Ola in 1980–1990. The purpose of this article is to characterize the local features of the language of Yoshkar-Ola youth ...unofficial groups. The research material was the jargon of participants in street gangs in the capital of the Republic of Mari El at the end of the twentieth century. The sources of language material were documentary literature, journalistic articles, dictionaries of substandard vocabulary and recordings of live speech of former group members. During the research, methods of linguistic observation and description, dictionary interpretation, and contextual analysis of lexical units were used. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that a number of jargons discussed in the article have become part of the unofficial microtoponymy of the city of Yoshkar-Ola. The likelihood of such lexical units appearing in dictionaries of non-literary vocabulary published by leading publishers is extremely low. The collected material contains information about the etymology of the unofficial toponymy of the city of Yoshkar-Ola, the communicative preferences of local youth and the linguistic realities of 1980–1990. The sublanguage of hooligan youth is very close in nature to Russian argot. A more detailed study of the jargon of street gang members may help change the uncritical attitude of Russian speakers towards the language of the criminal world.
The question from the title may at first seem somewhat unusual or even exaggerated, but we can rightfully ask it to the Croatian public, and sometimes each of us can ask ourselves the same question. ...And that in the sense of the preferred version of the Croatian language in public use, which is the literary language (standard). We will all find ourselves many times in a situation where we need to speak or write in the literary Croatian language, regardless of our level of education or profession, primarily because this is the only language in which all of us in Croatia can fully communicate.
