Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation is a common sequelae of inflammatory dermatoses that tends to affect darker skinned patients with greater frequency and severity. Epidemiological studies show that ...dyschromias, including postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, are among the most common reasons darker racial/ethnic groups seek the care of a dermatologist. The treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation should be started early to help hasten its resolution and begins with management of the initial inflammatory condition. First-line therapy typically consists of topical depigmenting agents in addition to photoprotection including a sunscreen. Topical tyrosinase inhibitors, such as hydroquinone, azelaic acid, kojic acid, arbutin, and certain licorice extracts, can effectively lighten areas of hypermelanosis. Other depigmenting agents include retinoids, mequinol, ascorbic acid, niacinamide, N-acetyl glucosamine, and soy with a number of emerging therapies on the horizon. Topical therapy is typically effective for epidermal postinflammatory hyperpigmentation; however, certain procedures, such as chemical peeling and laser therapy, may help treat recalcitrant hyperpigmentation. It is also important to use caution with all of the above treatments to prevent irritation and worsening of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Customer experience is a key marketing concept, yet the growing number of studies focused on this topic has led to considerable fragmentation and theoretical confusion. To move the field forward, ...this article develops a set of fundamental premises that reconcile contradictions in research on customer experience and provide integrative guideposts for future research. A systematic review of 136 articles identifies eight literature fields that address customer experience. The article then compares the phenomena and metatheoretical assumptions prevalent in each field to establish a dual classification of research traditions that study customer experience as responses to either (1) managerial stimuli or (2) consumption processes. By analyzing the compatibility of these research traditions through a metatheoretical lens, this investigation derives four fundamental premises of customer experience that are generalizable across settings and contexts. These premises advance the conceptual development of customer experience by defining its core conceptual domain and providing guidelines for further research.
Industry 4.0 (I4.0) encompasses a plethora of digital technologies effecting on manufacturing enterprises. Most research on this topic examines the effects in the smart factory domain, focusing on ...production scheduling. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on the applications of I4.0 enabling technologies in manufacturing life-cycle processes. This paper is thus intended to provide a systematic literature review answering the following research question: What are the applications of I4.0 enabling technologies in the business processes of manufacturing companies? The study analyses 186 articles and the results show that production scheduling and control is the process most often investigated, while there is also an increasing trend in servitization and circular supply chain management. Moreover, there is extensive combined use of IoT, Big Data Analytics and Cloud, whose applications cover a wide range of processes. On the contrary, other technology like Blockchain is not as widely discussed in the domain of I4.0. This picture calls for a future research agenda extending the scope of investigation into I4.0 in manufacturing. Furthermore, the results of this research can prove extremely useful for practitioners who wish to implement one or more technologies, providing them with solutions for applications in manufacturing.
Little research has focused on the performance of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in carotid terminus occlusions (CTOs). Therefore, the best first-line thrombectomy strategy for CTOs remains unclear.
To ...compare the safety and efficacy outcomes of three first-line thrombectomy techniques in CTOs.
A systematic literature search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials databases. Studies providing safety and efficacy outcomes for endovascular treatment of CTOs were included. Data regarding successful recanalization, functional independence, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and first pass efficacy (FPE) were extracted from the included studies. A random-effects model was used to calculate prevalence rates and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), and subgroup analyses were performed to assess the impact of the initial MT technique on safety and efficacy outcomes.
Six studies with 524 patients were included. The overall successful recanalization rate was 85.84% (95% CI = 77.96–94.52), and subgroup analysis did not show a significant difference among the three first-line MT techniques. Overall rates of functional independence and FPE were 39.73% (95% CI = 32.95–47.89) and 32.09% (95% CI = 22.93–44.92), respectively. The combined stent retriever (SR) and aspiration (ASP) technique achieved significantly higher first-pass efficacy rates compared to SR or ASP alone. The overall sICH rate was 9.89% (95% CI = 4.88–20.07), and subgroup analysis did not demonstrate a significant difference across groups. The sICH rates of SR, ASP, and SR + ASP were 8.49% (95% CI = 1.76–40.93), 6.8% (95% CI = 4.59–10.09), and 7.12% (95% CI = 0.27–100), respectively.
Our results support that MT is highly effective for CTOs with functional independence rates of 39%. Additionally, in our meta-analysis, the SR + ASP technique was associated significantly greater rates of FPE compared to SR or ASP alone, without an increase in sICH rates. Prospective, large-scale studies are necessary to determine the optimal first-line MT technique in the endovascular treatment of CTOs.
Social media and entrepreneurship research: A literature review Olanrewaju, Abdus-Samad Temitope; Hossain, Mohammad Alamgir; Whiteside, Naomi ...
International journal of information management,
February 2020, 2020-02-00, 20200201, Volume:
50
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The rise of social media has led to changes in how entrepreneurs carry out their day-to-day activities. Studies on social media and entrepreneurship are relatively new and fragmented in their focus, ...however there is increasing interest from academia and practitioners for further research and investigation within this area. This study systematically reviews research carried out in the domain of social media and entrepreneurship. A total of 160 papers, published between 2002 and 2018 were synthesised to identify critical theories and research methods used in the domain. Based on the extent review, an integrative framework was developed to identify relationships amongst elucidated constructs. While most papers investigated the factors that drive social media adoption and use by entrepreneurs, it was found that the use of social media by entrepreneurs had transcended marketing and it is now used in business networking, information search and crowdfunding for their business. This has led to significant impact with improved firm performance and innovation enhancement being the essential outcomes. The literature review and framework further understanding of social media and entrepreneurship research, providing a useful basis for future studies and informs practice in this area.
Organizations face continuous problems of survival and sustainability in the market, so innovation is vital for their growth. Entrepreneurship in the organization has been defined in various ways ...over the years, which has led to terminological confusion. Due to the innovation required by organizations for a proactive adaptation to the change and sustainability, intrapreneurship acquires special relevance for business development. Therefore, a literature review that considers intrapreneurship and the issues related to this concept is much needed. The search term ‘intrapreneur’ resulted in 312 articles published in WoS (Web of Science) between 1985 and 2021. These articles were analyzed using the VOSviewer software for the bibliometric analysis. The main authors and contributions in the area have been identified, in relation to the research objectives, enabling the generation of guidelines and proposals for future research.
•Literature on open innovation, co-creation and collaborative innovation should be merged to understand data-driven innovation.•Big data allows for the development of passive and unintentional ...co-innovation processes.•Future studies on big data should be developed mainly around three key lines of research.
This is the first systematic literature review concerning the interconnections between big data (BD) and co-innovation. It uses BD as a common perspective of analysis as well as a concept aggregating different research streams (open innovation, co-creation and collaborative innovation). The review is based on the results of a bibliographic coupling analysis performed with 51 peer-reviewed papers published before the end of 2019. Three thematic clusters were discovered, which respectively focused on BD as a knowledge creation enabler within co-innovation contexts, BD as a driver of co-innovation processes based on customer engagement, and the impact of BD on co-innovation within service ecosystems. The paper theoretically argues that the use of BD, in addition to enhancing intentional and direct collaborative innovation processes, allows the development of passive and unintentional co-innovation that can be implemented through indirect relationships between the collaborative actors. This study also makes eleven unique research propositions concerning further theoretical developments and managerial implementations in the field of BD-driven co-innovation.
The conventional perspective of acne pathogenesis holds that Propionibacterium acnes colonizes the duct of the sebaceous follicle, causing an innate immune response and the progression from a ...so-called noninflammatory comedo to an inflammatory papule, pustule, or nodule. However, this viewpoint has come under increasing scrutiny over the last decade, as evidence has emerged supporting a role for inflammation at all stages of acne lesion development, perhaps subclinically even before comedo formation. The immunochemical pathways underlying the initiation and propagation of the inflammation in acne are complex and still being elucidated, but may involve Propionibacterium acnes as well as several inflammatory mediators and their target receptors, including cytokines, defensins, peptidases, sebum lipids, and neuropeptides. This review presents evidence to support the notion that acne is primarily an inflammatory disease, challenging the current nomenclature of noninflammatory versus inflammatory acne lesions and suggesting that the nomenclature is outdated and incorrect. The evidence in support of acne as an inflammatory disease also has clinical implications, in that anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat the disease can be expected to exert effects against all lesion stages, albeit via distinct mechanisms of anti-inflammation.
Rosacea is a common inflammatory facial dermatoses affecting primarily adults with fair skin, although all skin types may be affected. The diagnostic term "rosacea" reflects a spectrum of clinical ...features with the more common presentations characterized by increased blood flow and vasodilation during disease flares, which accentuate central facial erythema. Inflammatory lesions, usually papules and/or pustules are present in some cases. Variations in magnitude of the associated features of rosacea are noted clinically. Over time, other clinical features emerge or may be further accentuated, such as diffuse facial erythema and telangiectasias, as fixed changes in cutaneous vasculature occur. These later findings account for persistent diffuse facial erythema usually accentuated centrally on the inner cheeks, chin, nose, and/or medial forehead. Some patients may also develop phymatous changes and/or have concurrent ocular rosacea. Augmented innate immune response to certain triggers (often exogenous) and neurovascular/neuroimmune dysregulation appear to be involved early in the pathophysiological sequence of cutaneous rosacea and appear to signal other downstream inflammatory or physiochemical cascades that contribute to the pathogenesis of the disorder. In this article, Part 1 of a two-part series, emphasis is placed upon the correlation of clinical features and underlying pathophysiological changes in the more common presentations of rosacea encountered by the clinician. The importance of this information is that some of these pathogenic mechanisms are modulated by available therapies, and others remain as targets for the development of new therapeutic agents or modalities.
•A review on Machine and Deep Learning methods applied to industrial problems.•Papers from 2000 are analyzed and hierarchically catalogued.•Application domains, trend, and evolutions are ...investigated.
Machine Learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence that studies algorithms able to learn autonomously, directly from the input data. Over the last decade, ML techniques have made a huge leap forward, as demonstrated by Deep Learning (DL) algorithms implemented by autonomous driving cars, or by electronic strategy games. Hence, researchers have started to consider ML also for applications within the industrial field, and many works indicate ML as one the main enablers to evolve a traditional manufacturing system up to the Industry 4.0 level. Nonetheless, industrial applications are still few and limited to a small cluster of international companies. This paper deals with these topics, intending to clarify the real potentialities, as well as potential flaws, of ML algorithms applied to operation management. A comprehensive review is presented and organized in a way that should facilitate the orientation of practitioners in this field. To this aim, papers from 2000 to date are categorized in terms of the applied algorithm and application domain, and a keyword analysis is also performed, to details the most promising topics in the field. What emerges is a consistent upward trend in the number of publications, with a spike of interest for unsupervised and especially deep learning techniques, which recorded a very high number of publications in the last five years. Concerning trends, along with consolidated research areas, recent topics that are growing in popularity were also discovered. Among these, the main ones are production planning and control and defect analysis, thus suggesting that in the years to come ML will become pervasive in many fields of operation management.
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