Drawing on the chain-of-effects model as a unifying framework, this meta-analysis indicates that firm innovativeness indirectly affects firm value through its effects on market position and financial ...position. In addition, the findings suggest that innovativeness has direct positive effects on financial position and firm value. Moreover, the metaanalysis provides evidence of reverse causality in the innovativeness-firm value relationship. Importantly, the results also reveal that the positive effects of firm innovativeness on market position and financial position are stronger for larger firms, for firms that invest more in advertising, for firms in high-tech industries, for innovativeness outputs and for radical innovations. Finally, the meta-analytic evidence also indicates that the relationship between innovativeness and firm value is stronger for smaller firms, for firms that invest more in advertising, for firms in lowtech industries, for innovativeness inputs, for innovativeness culture, and for radical innovations.
The impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic on the cultural and creative economy poses a significant threat. The effects were first and intensely experienced by workers in the live event industry and ...particularly freelancers. The aim of this article is to examine the perspective of freelancers regarding the market and financial relief measures in response to COVID-19 in a South African context. For this article responses of 846 freelancers, who completed an online survey, were analysed. The results showed particularly low levels of access and application for funding supplied by governmental and private sectors to mediate the COVID-19 pandemic effects. Additionally, the lowest-earning individuals, who are the most vulnerable, received virtually no relief. As one of the first studies of its kind on freelancers in the Cultural and Creative Industries in South Africa, it provides an insight into the challenges faced in the gig economy. It could assist with the development of specific policies and recovery measures in the post-COVID-19 era.
Research Summary
This paper examines how incumbent firms' market positions and interdependencies across their submarkets influence their responses to entry threats. We adapt a model of capacity ...deterrence to show that because premium and low‐cost incumbents face different demand functions and operating costs, they experience different tradeoffs between ignoring, deterring, and accommodating threatened entry. In addition, the interdependencies within and between a premium incumbent's submarkets influence its responses. Using data on incumbent responses to entry threats from Southwest Airlines between 2003 and 2012, we find that (a) full‐service incumbents expanded capacity while low‐cost incumbents did not respond significantly, and (b) full‐service incumbents expanded capacity less aggressively in submarkets that had less substitutable customer segments and submarkets that were more complementary with their unthreatened submarkets.
Managerial Summary
An immutable market position is a core competitive advantage. Using data on incumbent responses to entry threats from Southwest Airlines between 2003 and 2012, we find that (a) full‐service (FSC) incumbents expanded capacity while low‐cost (LCC) incumbents did not respond significantly, and (b) FSCs expanded capacity less aggressively on routes that were expected to have a large number of business passengers and routes that connected to their international hubs. These results suggest two sources of positional immutability: While one set of past choices (e.g., those about submarket substitutability or complementarity) provide a barrier against imitation, another set of past choices (e.g., those about products and costs) generate incentives for a tough defense, both deterring entry by firms from a different position.
•Immigrant background children were more often placed in out-of-home care compared to natives.•The first OHC during teenage years decreased odds of pursuing post-compulsory education.•A higher number ...of OHC placements lowered odds of pursuing education and gaining employment.•Non-refugee origin OHC alumni born in Finland had most often degrees completed among OHC peers.•Refugee origin OHC alumni born abroad had least degrees and were less employed than other OHC peers.
Several studies document the adverse educational prospects for minors both with immigrant background as well as for minors with out-of-home care history. Few studies have examined the educational and employment outcomes of immigrant background young adults with a history of out-of-home care1 (OHC), which is the aim of our study.
We used Finnish data of larger Nordic research where refugee background minors’ prospects in material living conditions and mental health was investigated. Here our study subjects were all subjects born in 1976–1995 abroad and immigrated to Finland as underage persons prior to 2010 (N=20 037), all children with immigrant background born in Finland to foreign born parents (N=3198) and a matched random sample of host population (N=23 187) according to register data 1991–2015. We formed different OHC alumni and non-OHC alumni groups based on parents’ and child’s birth country information. Logistic regression analysis was used in studying post-compulsory degree completed and being employed where the age at the first OHC and OHC related factors were adjusted.
Minors both with refugee and non-refugee background were more likely than native Finns to be placed in OHC. A history of OHC predicted less chance of degrees completed and being employed compared to non-OHC peers in all study groups. Refugee background born abroad having history in OHC had lower educational and employment outcomes as young adults compared to other OHC groups. Education made difference since immigrant background having OHC history and post-compulsory degree had two times higher likelihood of being employed. The first OHC during teenage years decreased odds for post-compulsory education but increased odds for employment. Multiple placements in OHC decreased a youth ‘s chances of completing degrees and employment.
Purpose: To identify different income trajectories after a rejected disability pension application and to analyze socio-demographic and disability process related determinants of these trajectories.
...Methods: Finnish residents aged 18-58 years with a first rejected disability pension application in 2010 (N = 3683) were followed for 48 months with register data. We performed a sequence analysis of six income sources (employment, unemployment benefit, sickness allowance, rehabilitation benefit, awarded disability pensions, other/unknown). Multinomial logistic regression was used in analyses.
Results: Four clusters were identified, displaying unemployment, awarded disability pension, employment, or unknown source as the primary source of post-rejection income. Transitions between income sources were frequent, especially in the employment and unemployment clusters. Using the awarded pension cluster as the reference group, previous unemployment raised the odds of unemployment cluster membership the most. Similarly, previous employment raised the odds of employment cluster the most. A somatic rather than mental disorder and being under 50 years old raised the odds of being in the unemployment and employment clusters.
Conclusions: After a rejected disability pension, main income paths include unemployment benefits, re-applied disability pension, and fragmented employment. Labor market and sickness history and age are associated with the probability of these paths.
Implications for Rehabilitation
Rejected disability pension applicants should be offered medical or vocational rehabilitation, to enable sustained labor market participation.
Partial disability pension, supported by rehabilitation is one solution when a full-time labor market participation is not a realistic option.
Overview: In today's rapidly changing and competitive global business environment, companies must continuously develop successful new products. Recent studies indicate that supplier involvement in ...new product development (NPD) enhances firms' competitive advantage and new product performance. In this study, we focus on the moderating effects of supplier involvement on NPD performance. We found that supplier relationship and supplier market position moderate the relationship between supplier involvement and NPD performance. Our findings suggest that co-developing new products with close suppliers who are market leaders results in better NPD performance.
This study investigated (a) the negative spillover effects of brand's food‐safety crisis on an entire industry, dominant and nondominant innocent brands in the same product, and (b) the impacts of ...the innocent brand's response on the responded brand and the entire industry. The study conducted a 2 (market position: dominant vs. nondominant) × 2 (response: no‐response vs. response) between‐subjects design with one additional control group. The findings showed that the negative impact of the dominant brand's crisis spilled over only to nondominant brands, but the innocent brand's response served to overcome the negative effect by recovering the consumer's deteriorated beliefs about the brand and its products to the pre‐crisis level. However, the innocent brand's response did not significantly affect the industry.
The nutrient composition of plant-based burgers is a key factor when making their purchase/consumption decision to maintain a balanced diet. For this reason, ingredient list and nutritional ...information of burgers launched in the global market were retrieved from their labels. Products were classified based on the technology development, market position and region of the manufacturer. From the ingredient analysis, we observed a high heterogeneity in the ingredients used, a predominance of soy and wheat as main sources of proteins, and the increasing use of new protein sources (e.g. peas, other types of beans and pseudo-cereals). Oil was the most cited ingredient followed by salt. Nutritional composition varied mainly depending on the region with no clear pattern among countries. To less extent, technology development resulted in traditional products with lower amounts of protein and higher amounts of carbohydrates. Vegan and vegetarian products showed limited differences due to the high intra-heterogenicity.
In an effort to break into foreign markets, this study looks into how brand equity and market position are affected by sustainability marketing, corporate social responsibility (CSR), ethical ...branding, and green consumerism in the Indonesian fashion sector. Data obtained from 197 Indonesian fashion customers was subjected to a quantitative analysis. The associations between the variables were examined using Partial Least Squares (PLS) 3 and structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings show a strong positive correlation between brand equity and market position and sustainability-related criteria (green consumerism, CSR, sustainability marketing, and ethical branding). The results highlight how crucial sustainability and ethical branding are from a strategic standpoint for Indonesian fashion firms looking to gain a competitive edge and become more visible in the international fashion scene.
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