The application of biclustering analysis to mixed data is still relatively new. Initially, biclustering analysis was primarily used on gene expression data that has an interval scale. In this ...research, we will transform ordinal categorical variables into interval scales using the Method of Successive Interval (MSI). The BCBimax algorithm will be applied in this study with several binarization experiments that produce the smallest Mean Square Residual (MSR) at the predetermined column and row thresholds. Next, a row and column threshold test will be carried out to find the optimal bicluster threshold. The existence of different interests in the variables for international market potential and the number of Indonesian export destination countries is the reason for the need for identification regarding the mapping of destination countries based on international trade potential. The study's results with the median threshold of all data found that the optimal MSR is at the threshold of row 7 and column 2. The number of biclusters formed is 9 which covers 74.7% of countries. Most countries in the bicluster come from the European Continent and a few countries from the African Continent are included in the bicluster.
Renewable energy technological innovation (RETI) is an important way to reduce carbon emissions and achieve sustainable development. Exploring whether RETI is beneficial to the improvement of carbon ...emission efficiency and how the market environment affects the role of RETI on carbon emission efficiency is critical to the design of effective policies. Therefore, based on the data from 25 provinces in China from 2002 to 2015, the Tobit fixed-effect model and the panel threshold model are used to investigate the impact and the mechanism of RETI on total factor carbon performance index (TCPI) from a market perspective. The results show that: (1) RETI can effectively improve TCPI, but this effect is affected by market factors; (2) With the reduction of market segmentation or the increase of market potential, the improvement effect of RETI on TCPI is significantly enhanced; (3) The panel threshold model further verifies that the impact of RETI on TCPI has a significant single threshold effect in terms of market segmentation and market potential; (4) There is an inverted “U-shaped” relationship between market segmentation and TCPI, and the increase of market potential is conducive to the improvement of TCPI. This paper provides corresponding policy implications for China to achieve the dual goals of economic transformation and carbon emission reduction.
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•Confirm the effect of renewable energy technological innovation (RETI) on TCPI•Use panel threshold model and take market factors as threshold variables•Single threshold effect exists between RETI and TCPI (Carbon Emission Efficiency).•Market segmentation weakens the promotion effect of RETI on TCPI.•Market potential enhances the promotion effect of RETI on TCPI.
Commercial sharing systems (CSS) evolve to a relevant business concept that provides access to product benefits without ownership. A series of three studies delivers new knowledge on how to target ...consumers who still refrain from sharing to widen the market potential of CSS. Study 1 demonstrates that materialism's sub-dimension possessiveness is the dominant inhibitor of sharing. Study 2 then confirms that this negative impact of materialism diminishes with elevating levels of the desire for unique consumer products. Study 3 reveals that this interaction effect is further qualified by the ownership of a product if the product category has a strong product-need-fit. This research outlines implications of how marketers can design CSS so that they are also attractive to the critical target segment of materialistic consumers.
Cross-Laminated Timber is an engineered wood-based product, developed in Europe in the early 1990s. Cross-Laminated Timber is made of multiple layers of wood boards, which are oriented perpendicular ...to the adjacent layers. Cross Laminated Timber is a promising construction technology that represents an opportunity to use low-value timber from small diameter and insect-infested forest resources, for a high value-added application, which contributes to better use our forest resources. While Cross-Laminated Timber has been successful in Europe and is making its way into the Canadian and Australian markets, it has not yet been widely adopted in the United States. Research has proven that the rate of diffusion is dependent on potential adopters' perceptions of the product attributes, thus the study of perceptions play an important role in understanding and analyzing the adoption potential of a new product or technology. This document presents the results from research conducted to assess the market potential and barriers to the adoption of Cross-Laminated Timber in the United States, through the analysis of level of awareness, perceptions, and willingness to adopt Cross-Laminated Timber by the United States architecture community.
Results from a nation-wide survey of United States architecture firms show that the level of awareness about Cross-Laminated Timber in the United States is low. The main perceived benefits of Cross-Laminated Timber are a favorable environmental and structural performance, and outstanding aesthetic properties. Major perceived disadvantages are high maintenance costs and fire performance. The most important barriers to the successful adoption of Cross-Laminated Timber according to survey participants are building code compatibility issues, initial cost, and the lack of Cross-Laminated Timber availability in the United States market. Most respondents were uncertain when asked about their willingness to adopt Cross-Laminated Timber in the near future; although willingness to adopt was found to be positively correlated with familiarity with the system. From these results, we conclude that the success of Cross-Laminated Timber-based construction in the United States will depend in great part on the information about the material's benefits reaching the target audience.
•The level of awareness about CLT in the U.S. architecture industry is low.•CLT is perceived as having good environmental, structural and aesthetic attributes.•Availability in the market and initial cost are the largest perceived barriers.•The U.S. architecture community seems uncertain about adopting CLT.•Likelihood of adoption increases with awareness about the system.
This article examines the characteristics and applications of 3-D printing and compares it with mass customization and other manufacturing processes. 3-D printing enables small quantities of ...customized goods to be produced at relatively low costs. While currently used primarily to manufacture prototypes and mockups, a number of promising applications exist in the production of replacement parts, dental crowns, and artificial limbs, as well as in bridge manufacturing. 3-D printing has been compared to such disruptive technologies as digital books and music downloads that enable consumers to order their selections online, allow firms to profitably serve small market segments, and enable companies to operate with little or no unsold finished goods inventory. Some experts have also argued that 3-D printing will significantly reduce the advantages of producing small lot sizes in low-wage countries via reduced need for factory workers.
In the context of sustainable development, countries around the world shed more light on green innovation in their environmental policies, and the digital economy may take a vital part in improving ...green innovation. Predicted on the panel data of 278 cities in China from 2011 to 2019, this research administrates the principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the advancement level of the urban digital economy and employs the number of urban green patent applications to represent green innovation level. Through the benchmark regression model, the mediating effect model, the spatial Durbin model, the dynamic threshold panel model, and the gradual difference‐in‐difference model, this paper explores the direct effect, indirect effect, spatial effect, nonlinear relationship, and policy effect of that digital economy has on green innovation. The development of the digital economy can improve green innovation levels in indirect ways, such as by boosting the degree of economic openness, optimizing the industrial structure, and expanding the market potential, and as economic openness, industrial structure, and market potential advance, the promotion intensity of digital economy on green innovation is becoming lower and lower. The development of green innovation has an obvious spatial spillover effect. Still, the enhancement of green innovation in more developed regions may inhibit green innovation in less developed regions due to talent flow and industrial transfer. Finally, the gradual difference‐in‐difference model founded on the ‘Broadband China’ pilot policy supplementarily verifies that digital economy enhancement can substantially advance urban green innovation.
This paper presents an estimation of the European (EU28) industrial heat pump market potential in terms of magnitude, sizing and number of units. This study is carried out in order to provide ...technology suppliers and manufacturers of industrial heat pumps perspectives for the technology. Potential heat pump applications in the food, paper, chemical and refining sectors are identified considering a maximum sink temperature of 200°C. This is achieved utilising a bottom-up methodology that uses detailed information from individual processes in the aforementioned sectors. Combining individual process data with typical plant capacities provides information on the heating capacities of heat pumps. The data is upscaled to European level, using production statistics relevant to the individual processes analysed. Since the database of processes is generic in nature and not fully covering the whole industrial sector, the results of this analysis provide a conservative estimate of the heat pump market potential. The results show a potential cumulative heating capacity of industrial heat pumps in EU28 of 23.0 GW, consisting of 4174 heat pump units which are able to cover 641 PJ/a of process heat demand. The largest number of heat pump units (%) can be found for heating capacities <10 MW, making up about 50% of the total market cumulative heating capacity. Clearly, there is a large market ahead for industrial heat pump manufacturers and suppliers.
•Individual process data from food, paper, chemical and refinery sectors collated.•Heat pump integration options in processes in various sectors identified.•Methodology presented to upscale individual applications to European level.•Heat pump market potential characterised by heating capacity and number of units.•Energy and CO2 emission reduction of the industrial heat pump market are estimated.
Recently, polymer science and engineering research has shifted toward the development of environmentally benign polymers to reduce the impact of plastic leakage on the ecosystems. Stringent ...regulations and concerns regarding conventional polymers are the main driving forces for the development of renewable, biodegradable, sustainable, and environmentally benign materials. Although biopolymers can alleviate plastic‐related pollution, several factors dictate the utilization of biopolymers. Herein, an overview of the potential and limitations of synthetic biopolymers and their composites in the context of environmentally benign materials for a sustainable future are presented. The synthetic biopolymer market, technical advancements for different applications, lifecycle analysis, and biodegradability are covered. The current trends, challenges, and opportunities for bioplastic recycling are also discussed. In summary, this review is expected to provide guidelines for future development related to synthetic biopolymer‐based sustainable polymeric materials suitable for various applications.
This review presents an overview of the potential and limits of synthetic biopolymers and their composites in the context of environmentally benign materials for a sustainable future. This article further covers the synthetic biopolymer market, technical advancements for different applications, lifecycle analysis, and biodegradability. In the end, the paper discusses the current trends, challenges, and opportunities for bioplastic recycling.
Мета cmammi полягае в узагальнент теоретичных nidxodÍB до визначення змсту κатегорш ?потенцал? та ?еκономмний потенцал?, а таκож в уточнены! сκладу еκономчного потенцалу яκ еκономчноi системи на базi ...положень κласиюв еκономчноi науκи та праць втчизняних i зарубжних учених. Виоκремлено чотири пдходи до розумшня сутност'! еκономчного потенцалу: еκономчний потенцюл яκ суκупна здаттсть галузей народного господарства та оκремих тдприемств до виробництва; еκономмний потенцал яκ суκуптсть наявних ресурсв; еκономмний потенцал яκ результат еκономмних i виробничих в':дносин мж суб'еκтами господарчоi д'тльност'!; ототожнення терм'ш'ю ?еκономмний потенцал?, ?еκономчна потужтсть? та ?народно-господарчий потенцал?. Проведений анал'в наявних пдходв до тлумачення це: κатегори надав змогу обΓрунтувати авторсьκе визначення поняття еκономчного потенцалу та оκреслити його хараκтеристиκи. Виявлено основы! пдходи до визначення струκтурного сκладу еκономчного потенцалу яκ еκономiчноiсистеми: ресурсний пдхд (елементи потенцалу под'ляються за видами ресурсв); фунκцюнальний пдхд (елементи вид'ляються згдно з фунκцональними ознаκами та видами дiяльносmi); ресурсно-фунκцональний пдхд (сmруκmурнi елементи еκономчного потенцалу виоκремлюються вдповдно до фунκщй i ресурсю). Базуючись на ресурсно-фунκцональному пiдxодi визначено κласифiκацiйнi ознаκи сκладових елементв еκономчного потенцалу, що являють собою потен^али нижчого р'вня й хараκтеризуются певною κльюстю та яκютю вдповдних еκономмних ресурав, а саме: трудовий потенцал; виробничий потенцал; iнновацiйний потенцал; марκетинговий потенцал; ф'шансовий потенцал; швестицюний потенцал.
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