The dried-up bottom of the Aral Sea is now a global problem, as millions of tons of salt, dust, and sand are being blown away by winds, covering plants in the region and damaging all living organisms ...in the area of the Aral Sea. Methods of forestry and the ameliorative reclamation of saline bottom sediments include the creation of sand-accumulating furrows and the installation of sand-accumulating mechanical protection made of reed and sand-retaining wood or plastic gratings. The method of cutting sand-accumulating furrows with a trench cutter with a paraplough is the most efficient: the survival rate of seedlings in the next year after planting reaches 85%, as opposed to 52% in furrows without the use of a paraplough and 12% on the control plot without sand-accumulating furrows. Therefore, it is necessary to accumulate sand and moisture and improve the chemical and particle-size composition of the substrate prior to planting seedlings on saline soils.
The organic material present on waste sorting units serve as a substrate for different microorganisms, increasing workers' exposure to
spp. This study intends to assess the
spp. contamination on ...Mechanical Protection Gloves (MPG) from different workstations and understand the role of MPG in workers' exposure to these genera. Sixty-seven used MPG were collected from different workstations and extracts were seeded on malt extract agar (MEA) supplemented with chloramphenicol (0.05%) and dichloran glycerol (DG18). The same extracts were used for the molecular detection of fungal species/strains, with reported toxigenic potential, namely
sections (
, and
). Among
spp., the sections with the highest prevalence on MEA were
(88.29%) and
(8.63%), whereas on DG18 were
(31.79%) and
(30.77%).
section
was detected in 22 MPG samples by RT-PCR (32.84%),
in 59 samples (88.06%),
in 61 samples (91.05%), and
in 6 samples (8.96%). It was showed that, even with daily replacement, MPG presented
spp. contamination. Thus, a more regular replacement of MPG and the adoption of complementary hygienic procedures by workers are critical to guarantee workers' protection in this occupational environment.
Diatoms are encased within sophisticated stable lightweight silica cell walls. These frustules have the potential to protect the algal cell against the feeding tools of their most abundant metazoan ...predators, the copepods. We examined the mechanical strengths of the 3 North Sea diatom species Actinoptychus senarius, Thalassiosira punctigera and Coscinodiscus wailesii and their effect on feeding efficiency of copepods. (1) We determined the stability of the diatoms by means of ‘micro-crush-tests’ performed in the laboratory with calibrated microneedles. (2) In feeding experiments, we compared the ability and efficiency of the 3 North Sea copepod species Temora longicornis, Centropages hamatus and Acartia clausi to crush frustules. The results showed a remarkable correlation between mechanical properties and size of diatom frustules and feeding success of the copepods. The weakly silicified diatom T. punctigera was the least stable and best fed upon, whilst having the highest growth rate. The diatoms having the most complex frustule, A. senarius, exhibited the greatest stability, whilst being fed upon least. The largest diatom, C. wailesii, was partially protected by its size, but was nonetheless suitable as prey for the large copepods that, in the case of C. hamatus, seem to have developed special feeding techniques to overcome the size-mediated protection.
Radiation‐induced skin reactions are an unavoidable side effect of external beam radiation therapy, particularly in areas prone to friction and excess moisture such as the axilla, head and neck ...region, perineum and skin folds. Clinical studies investigating interventions for preventing or managing these reactions have largely focussed on formulations with moisturising, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐microbial and wound healing properties. However, none of these interventions has emerged as a consistent candidate for best practice. Much less emphasis has been placed on evaluating ways to protect the radiation‐damaged skin from friction and excess moisture. This mini review analyses the clinical evidence for barrier products that form a protective layer by adhering very closely to the skin folds and do not cause further trauma to the radiation‐damaged skin upon removal. A database search identified only two types of barrier products that fitted these criteria and these were tested in two case series and six controlled clinical trials. Friction protection was most effective when the interventions were used from the start of treatment and continued for several weeks after completion of treatment. Soft silicone dressings (Mepilex Lite and Mepitel Film) and Cavilon No Sting Barrier Film, but not Cavilon Moisturizing Barrier Cream, decreased skin reaction severity, most likely due to differences in formulation and skin build‐up properties. It seems that prophylactic use of friction protection of areas at risk could be a worthwhile addition to routine care of radiation‐damaged skin.
This article summarises current clinical evidence of the efficacy of skin care products that provide mechanical protection of radiation‐damaged skin from friction caused by rubbing against clothes and other body parts.
Regularly, inspections about the operating environment of submarine cables could help to find risk points such as exposing, suspending, and weakened mechanical protection of submarine cables, which ...facilitates timely adjustment of operation and maintenance strategies and measures to repair the mechanical protection to prevent the cables from being damaged by external forces. Based on PID and fuzzy control theory, a series of automatic control technologies such as auto cable tracking, auto depth, auto attitude, auto pitch, auto heading, auto positioning, etc. of Remote Operated Vehicle are proposed, which can be automatically controlled according to the direction of submarine cable routing, submarine topography and environmental changes. So as adjust the attitude of the Remote Operated Vehicle, realize the adaptive detection of the operating environment of the submarine cable, and it helps to improve the intelligence of the detection operation, and reduce the excessive intervention from the pilots during the detection process. This technology was successfully applied for the 500kV submarine cable inspection of Hainan Interconnection Project in 2019. The Remote Operated Vehicle detected along the submarine cables routing under the strong cross-current or fixed-point hovering. In this detection, several exposing and suspending of the cable was successfully found.
This research refers to the feasibility analysis of enveloping use for mechanical protection of microstrip antennas operating in WLAN. The situations were tested without envelopment, and with ...envelopment with the materials polylactic acid (PLA), polystyrene (PS) and carnauba wax. The results show that the use of such casings is feasible for mechanical protection. Tests show that the enclosures gently reduce antenna gain and bandwidth.
Adequate security measures at schools are essential, not only in Vojvodina but in all secondary schools. This work outlines the opinion of secondary school teachers concerning the mechanical and ...electronic protection of secondary school institutions. The present research aims to shed light on the significance of school security, and problems caused by its lack, as well as to offer suggestions towards increased security and protection.
Saphenous vein bypass grafts permeability is one of the most important limitations of open heart surgery. The risks associated with surgical re-intervention are greater than those associated with the ...initial procedure. While native coronary arteries usually have fixed, fibrotic or calcified atherosclerotic plaques, the disease in the vein grafts contains soft material. When this material is compressed during percutaneous angioplasty, there is an unfavorable immediate outcome due to distal embolization of thrombus and plaque debris. In addition, the risk of post-procedure adverse events are higher when the grafts have a long time of implantation, due to a greater risk of branch occlusion or no-reflow at the adjacent microcirculation. The clinical consequence is a Non-Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction that is reflected in the increased serum cardiac enzymes. It is because of this complication that the distal protection devices were developed.
The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the current data on the distal protection devices available now for the treatment of degenerative saphenous vein graft disease.
Currently, there are two distal protection devices approved in the United States: the Guardwire® Balloon and Aspiration (Export®) System and the Filter Wire EX™. Other devices like the Triactiv System, Angioguard XP/ECW, DOW, MedNova Cardioshield, Medtronic-AVE DPD and the E-Trap Filter are still being studied. The first observational studies showed the safety and efficacy of the approved devices. A large randomized trial initially confirmed a significant decrease of in-hospital and 30-day cardiac adverse events, mainly Non-Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction, when angioplasty was performed with the assistance of the Guardwire System. Subsequently, another randomized study showed an equivalence between the Guardwire System and the Filter Wire EX. Distal protection devices have an acceptable performance, however, further technological improvements are warranted for a quick preparation, delivery and/or retrieval of these devices.
The organic material present on waste sorting units serve as a substrate for different microorganisms, increasing workers' exposure to Aspergillus spp. This study intends to assess the Aspergillus ...spp. contamination on Mechanical Protection Gloves (MPG) from different workstations and understand the role of MPG in workers' exposure to these genera. Sixty-seven used MPG were collected from different workstations and extracts were seeded on malt extract agar (MEA) supplemented with chloramphenicol (0.05%) and dichloran glycerol (DG18). The same extracts were used for the molecular detection of fungal species/strains, with reported toxigenic potential, namely Aspergillus sections (Circumdati, Flavi, Fumigati, and Nidulantes). Among Aspergillus spp., the sections with the highest prevalence on MEA were Nigri (88.29%) and Fumigati (8.63%), whereas on DG18 were Nigri (31.79%) and Circumdati (30.77%). Aspergillus section Circumdati was detected in 22 MPG samples by RT-PCR (32.84%), Fumigati in 59 samples (88.06%), Nidulantes in 61 samples (91.05%), and Flavi in 6 samples (8.96%). It was showed that, even with daily replacement, MPG presented Aspergillus spp. contamination. Thus, a more regular replacement of MPG and the adoption of complementary hygienic procedures by workers are critical to guarantee workers' protection in this occupational environment.
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