It's madness Yoo, Theodore Jun
2016., 20160216, 2016, 2016-02-16
eBook
It's Madnessexamines Korea's years under Japanese colonialism, when mental health first became defined as a medical and social problem. As in most Asian countries, severe social ostracism, shame, and ...fear of jeopardizing marriage prospects compelled most Korean families to conceal the mentally ill behind closed doors. This book explores the impact of Chinese traditional medicine and its holistic approach to treating mental disorders, the resilience of folk illnesses as explanations for inappropriate and dangerous behaviors, the emergence of clinical psychiatry as a discipline, and the competing models of care under the Japanese colonial authorities and Western missionary doctors. Drawing upon unpublished archival as well as printed sources, this is the first study to examine the ways in which "madness" was understood, classified, and treated in traditional Korea and the role of science in pathologizing and redefining mental illness under Japanese colonial rule.
With a fine-tuned ethnographic sensibility, Janis H. Jenkins explores the lived experience of psychosis, trauma, and depression among people of diverse cultural orientations, revealing how mental ...illness engages fundamental human processes of self, desire, gender, identity, attachment, and interpretation.Extraordinary Conditionsilluminates the cultural shaping of extreme psychological suffering and the social rendering of the mentally ill as nonhuman or not fully human.Jenkins contends that mental illness is better characterized in terms of struggle than symptoms and that culture is central to all aspects of mental illness from onset to recovery. Her analysis refashions the boundaries between the ordinary and the extraordinary, the routine and the extreme, and the healthy and the pathological. This book asserts that the study of mental illness is indispensable to the anthropological understanding of culture and experience, and reciprocally that understanding culture and experience is critical to the study of mental illness.
Phrenitis is ubiquitous in ancient medicine and philosophy. Galen mentions the disease innumerable times, patristic authors take it as a favourite allegory of human flaws, and no ancient doctor fails ...to diagnose it and attempt its cure. Yet the nature of this once famous disease has not been understood properly by scholars. This book provides the first full history of phrenitis. In doing so, it surveys ancient ideas about the interactions between body and soul, both in health and in disease. It also addresses ancient ideas about bodily health, mental soundness and moral 'goodness', and their heritage in contemporary psychiatric ideas. Readers will encounter an exciting narrative about health, illness and care as embedded in ancient 'life', but will also be forced to reflect critically on our contemporary ideas of what it means to be 'insane'. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Abstract Workplace mental health challenges have emerged as a significant concern post-pandemic. Despite this, the pervasive stigma surrounding mental illness leads to the concealment of symptoms and ...reluctance to seek professional help among employees. This study aims to explore the perception of different stakeholders towards the ‘Detection and disclosure’ of workplace mental health challenges in the Indian context. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with human resource professionals, counselors, and employees who had previously experienced mental health challenge(s). Thematic analysis was done to identify recurring themes and sub-themes. Three critical pathways were identified: minimizing the inhibitory factors , including lack of awareness, denial, low self-efficacy, stigma, and underestimating organizational capability; maximizing the encouraging factors , including psychological safety, perceived social support, and communicating success stories; and implementing supportive organizational practices , including generating awareness and literacy, build the organizational capability, strengthen the role of managers, leadership advocacy, policies, and processes. By fostering a culture of support and prioritizing employee well-being, organizations in India can create healthier and more resilient work environments, benefiting both individuals and the larger society.
Abstract Our goal is to highlight challenges clinicians encounter in achieving valid psychiatric diagnoses in linguistically and culturally diverse patients. These challenges often arise from ...language barriers, misinterpretation of nuanced expressions of distress, and a lack of consideration for the patient’s unique experiences and perspectives regarding their illness, leading to potential misdiagnoses. In this context, we explore the strategies to address these diagnostic issues. To illustrate these challenges, clinical examples of culturally diverse patients are presented. These cases offer insights into the cultural nuances of expressing distress and attributing illness to the external factors such as cosmic influences and spiritual afflictions, often employed as a way to conceal underlying causes. To achieve culturally appropriate diagnoses, clinicians need to be mindful of their patients’ cultural and spiritual beliefs, establish trust and rapport, and approach patient narratives with empathy. This empathetic approach allows clinicians to gain a deeper understanding of the patient’s cultural expressions of distress and their perspectives on illness attribution, often tied to supernatural influences. Importantly, effective communication is a key to uncovering the concealed causes of the patient’s condition.
Noribogaine (noribo) is the primary metabolite from ibogaine, an atypical psychedelic alkaloid isolated from the root bark of the African shrub Tabernanthe iboga. The main objective of this study was ...to test the hypothesis that molecular, electrophysiological, and behavioral responses of noribo are mediated by the 5-HTsub.2A receptor (5-HTsub.2AR) in mice. In that regard, we used male and female, 5-HTsub.2AR knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice injected with a single noribo dose (10 or 40 mg/kg; i.p.). After 30 min., locomotor activity was recorded followed by mRNA measurements by qPCR (immediate early genes; IEG, glutamate receptors, and 5-HTsub.2AR levels) and electrophysiology recordings of layer V pyramidal neurons from the medial prefrontal cortex. Noribo 40 decreased locomotion in male, but not female WT. Sex and genotype differences were observed for IEG and glutamate receptor expression. Expression of 5-HTsub.2AR mRNA increased in the mPFC of WT mice following Noribo 10 (males) or Noribo 40 (females). Patch-clamp recordings showed that Noribo 40 reduced the NMDA-mediated postsynaptic current density in mPFC pyramidal neurons only in male WT mice, but no effects were found for either KO males or females. Our results highlight that noribo produces sexually dimorphic effects while the genetic removal of 5HTsub.2AR blunted noribo-mediated responses to NMDA synaptic transmission.
Humanizing Mental Illness demonstrates that we need to challenge our explicit and implicit biases and learn to interact with mental illness in more intentional, supportive, and inclusive ways. While ...most philosophical accounts of the matter are concerned with the question of how much agency a person with mental illness has, this book asks how we can enhance the agency of people with mental illness.
A growing body of evidence indicates that poor health early in life can leave lasting scars on adult health and economic outcomes. While much of this literature focuses on childhood experiences, ...mechanisms generating these lasting effects-recurrence of illness and interruption of human capital accumulation-are not limited to childhood. In this study, we examine how an episode of depression experienced in early adulthood affects subsequent labor market outcomes. We find that, at age 50, people who had met diagnostic criteria for depression when surveyed at ages 27-35 earn 10% lower hourly wages (conditional on occupation), work 120-180 fewer hours annually, and earn 24% lower annual wage incomes. A portion of this income penalty (21%-39%) occurs because depression is often a chronic condition, recurring later in life. But a substantial share (25%-55%) occurs because depression in early adulthood disrupts human capital accumulation, by reducing work experience and by influencing selection into occupations with skill distributions that offer lower potential for wage growth. These lingering effects of early depression reinforce the importance of early and multifaceted intervention to address depression and its follow-on effects in the workplace.
Background: Low dopamine D.sub.2/3 receptor availability in the nucleus accumbens shell is associated with highly impulsive behavior in rats as measured by premature responses in a cued attentional ...task. However, it is unclear whether dopamine D.sub.2/3 receptor availability in the nucleus accumbens is equally linked to intolerance for delayed rewards, a related form of impulsivity. Methods: We investigated the relationship between D.sub.2/3 receptor availability in the nucleus accumbens and impulsivity in a delay-discounting task where animals must choose between immediate, small-magnitude rewards and delayed, largermagnitude rewards. Corticostriatal D.sub.2/3 receptor availability was measured in rats stratified for high and low impulsivity using in vivo .sup.18Ffallypride positron emission tomography and ex vivo .sup.3Hraclopride autoradiography. Resting-state functional connectivity in limbic corticostriatal networks was also assessed using fMRI. Results: Delay-discounting task impulsivity was inversely related to D.sub.2/3 receptor availability in the nucleus accumbens core but not the dorsal striatum, with higher D.sub.2/3 binding in the nucleus accumbens shell of high-impulsive rats compared with low-impulsive rats. D.sub.2/3 receptor availability was associated with stronger connectivity between the cingulate cortex and hippocampus of high- vs low-impulsive rats. Conclusions: We conclude that delay-discounting task impulsivity is associated with low D.sub.2/3 receptor binding in the nucleus accumbens core. Thus, two related forms of waiting impulsivity--premature responding and delay intolerance in a delay-of-reward task--implicate an involvement of D.sub.2/3 receptor availability in the nucleus accumbens shell and core, respectively. This dissociation may be causal or consequential to enhanced functional connectivity of limbic brain circuitry and hold relevance for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, drug addiction, and other psychiatric disorders. Keywords: delay discounting, dopamine D.sub.2/3 receptor, impulsivity, nucleus accumbens, resting-state fMRI, functional connectivity
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