Tijelo i metafora mreže Bubaš, Josipa
In medias res,
05/2023, Volume:
12, Issue:
22
Journal Article, Web Resource
Peer reviewed
Open access
Članak problematizira odnos društvenih metafora i znanstvenih i tehnoloških paradigmi te njihov odnos s obzirom na konceptualizaciju tijela, ali i društvenih odnosa.
The article deals with the ...realation between mataphors, social and technological paradigm, in relation to the coneceptualisation oft he body, as well as social relations.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.26333/sts.xxx1.06 Celem artykułu jest analiza, uzasadnienie i wyjaśnienie Donalda Davidsona przyczynowej teorii metafory z punktu widzenia całości jego poglądów filozoficznych. ...Poglądy te tworzą spójny system obejmujący, poza semantyką i teorią interpretacji, m.in. teorię poznania, teorię działania oraz teorię racjonalności. Proponując przyczynową teorię metafory, Davidson nie odwołał się bezpośrednio do własnej teorii znaczenia, starając się uzasadnić odrzucenie pojęć znaczenia metaforycznego oraz prawdy metaforycznej na gruncie potocznego rozumienia pojęć semantycznych. W artykule argumentuje się, że przyczynowa teoria metafory stanowi uzupełnienie systemu Davidsona, a ponadto że teoria ta ujęta przez pryzmat całego systemu pozwala wyjaśnić rolę metafor nie tylko w literaturze i poezji, lecz także w naukach przyrodniczych, prawie, religii i naukach społecznych.
The paper is a polemical commentary on Wacław Cockiewicz’s monograph Metaforyka Leśmiana (Analiza lingwistyczna). Metaphors in Leśmian’s poetry (A linguistic analysis). It is claimed that although ...the author of the book rejects as inadequate the cognitive theory of metaphor developed by George Lakoff and his followers, some of his tacit assumptions actually follow its premises. On the other hand, lack of coherent methodology and erroneous treatment of metaphor as the relation of equivalence (A equals B) result in incoherent or downright incorrect interpretation of many metaphors selected for analysis. Individual items from the corpus are presented in alphabetical order, without concern for either the level of their specificity or their semantic cognation. In effect, their systematicity is often missed. Moreover, in some cases Cockiewicz finds himself unable to interpret Leśmian’s metaphors, and thus his final conclusions – though intuitively correct and partially corroborated by some of the analyses – are undermined.
Dinamika stvarne diskursne situacije nalaže da se uz lingvistički oblik
metaforička izraza i pozadinsku konceptualnu strukturu (dvodimenzionalni
model klasične kognitivne teorije metafore) u obzir ...uzima i komunikacijski
potencijal takova izraza. Sudionici u komunikaciji pretpostavljaju optimalnu
relevantnost iskaza (pri čemu je konvencionalni, a još češće inovativni
metaforički izraz ponekad relevantniji od alternativnih jezičnih izbora), te
ovisno o komunikacijskoj namjeri i aktualnom diskursnom kontekstu
usklađuju omjer uložena kognitivna truda i postignuta učinka. Rad donosi
pregled suvremenih spoznaja koje u istraživanje metafore eksplicitno ili
implicitno uvode pragmatički aspekt, iz različitih perspektiva svojih matičnih
disciplina propitujući i nadograđujući opća mjesta standardne teorije
konceptualne metafore
The
dynamics of an actual discourse situation require that we take into account not
only the linguistic form of the metaphorical expression and its underlying conceptual
structure (the two-dimensional model of the classic cognitive theory of
metaphor), but also the communicative potential of this metaphorical
expression. Participants in the communication process presume that an utterance
has an optimal relevance (where the conventional, or, more often, the
innovative metaphorical expression is sometimes more relevant than alternative
linguistic choices), and, depending on the communicative intention and the
actual discursive context, they adjust the ratio between the cognitive effort
they invest and the effect that is achieved. The paper presents an overview of contemporary
insights that explicitly or implicitly introduce the pragmatic aspect into research
of metaphors from the perspectives of various disciplines
Conceptual Metaphors: Phenomena of the Mind or Cognitive Constructs? Part I The author considers the psychological reality of models in contemporary cognitive linguistics. The initial hypothesis is ...that the programmatic assumption of cognitive linguistics, i.e. the fact that linguistic activity is programmed in the mind by ambivalent, monomodular conceptual categories or gestalts, is not realized in research practice: in reality we are dealing with different versions of constructivism, i.e. speculative generation of theoretical models that cannot be used to explain linguistic facts. This general assumption is verified with reference to the theory of conceptual metaphors by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson (1980). The author presents six arguments that metaphoric models economy is a substance or emotion is a hot fluid in a container do not reflect the real linguistic or mental activities of the subjects. The author refers to numerous scientific sources as well as empirical material of Slavonic languages.
W artykule badana jest autopercepcja biegłych rewidentów, postrzeganie przez nich zawodu księgowego, relacji między księgowym a biegłym rewidentem oraz postrzeganie audytowanych przedsiębiorstw. ...Badania przedstawione w artykule mają charakter behawioralny. Zarówno metody, jak i przedmiot badań pochodzą z psychologii, socjologii, lingwistyki oraz kognitywistyki. W badaniu przyjęto podejście jakościowe. Zastosowano projekcję, metafory oraz analizę narracji. Wyniki wskazują, iż księgowi postrzegani są przez biegłych rewidentów głównie w kontekście ciężkiej pracy, konieczności ciągłego kształcenia się, przebiegłości, bycia wykorzystywanymi przez innych pracowników firmy oraz niedocenianymi przez przełożonych. Rewidenci charakteryzują samych siebie jako przebiegłych, ciężko pracujących, napotykających często problemy niestabilnych i niejasnych przepisów oraz konfrontujących się z właścicielami audytowanych firm. Biegli rewidenci prezentują mechanistyczne, organiczne i systemowe rozumienie badanych jednostek, postrzegając je głównie w kontekście różnych współdziałających części (jednostek organizacyjnych).
Suvremena hrvatska psihološka drama, Gavranova Nora danas (2005.), analizirat će se iz književnoteorijskog emocionološkog aspekta. S obzirom da do sada u hrvatskoj znanosti o književnosti ne postoji ...pisani trag o znanstvenom radu iz područja književne emocionologije (suvremena književnoteorijska disciplina) u istraživanju hrvatske književnosti moderne i postmoderne, ovaj rad smatra se književnoznanstvenim emocionološkim prvijencem toga razdoblja. Uvodno će se prikazati teorijski okvir emocionologije s naglaskom na hrvatsku književnu znanost (godine 2012. tiskan je prvi hrvatski emocijski zbornik Poj željno). Veza između emocija i književnosti je imanentna (Brković, 2015.), a znanstveni interes rada usmjeren je na istraživanje funkcionalnosti (za)dane emocionalne kategorije dramskih likova u dramskome tekstu, u oblikovanju socijalne relacije, konkretno rodnih odnosa i literarne manifestacije emocija. Cilj je prikazati ulogu karakterističnih emocija (ljutnje, straha, tuge, radosti) u izgradnji identiteta dramskih likova Nore i Tonija (antilutke i lutka), a posebno s obzirom na rodnu stereotipizaciju. Metodologija je usmjerena na dramsku narativnu strukturu s integracijom metodoloških okvira afektivne naratologije i teorija konceptualne metafore. Analizirajući emocije kao ekspresiju osjećaja u književnom tekstu (Brković, 2015.), strategije reprezentacija emocija te recepciju emocija u suvremenoj hrvatskog drami, istražuju se suvremene koncepcije teorije književnosti ‒ emocionologije, uz doticaj kognitivne psihologije te neurobioloških i filozofskih teorija o emocijama. Novoosmišljenim pojmom emocijska metamorfoza u ovome radu želi se dati doprinos terminologiji emocionologije, koja je još uvijek neusuglašena i u razvitku (Robinson 2004, Keen 2011). Novim, emocijskim čitanjem književnog teksta sugerira se i ključ razumijevanja temeljnih odnosa (dramske) naracije, a unutar poetike suvremene (dramske) književnosti.
Gavran's Nora danas (2005), a contemporary Croatian psychological drama, is analysed from a literary-theoretical emotional point of view. Considering that this is the first scientific work of its kind about either world or Croatian modern and/or contemporary literature that deals with emotional studies as a contemporary literary discipline, a theoretical framework of emotional studies will be presented with an emphasis on Croatian literary science (the first Croatian emotional collection Poj željno was published in 2012). The connection between emotions and literature is immanent (Brković, 2015), and this paper focuses on researching the functionality of the (given) emotional category of the protagonist of a dramatic text in shaping social relations, specifically gender relations and literary manifestations of emotions. The aim is to show the role of typical emotions (anger, fear, sadness, joy) in building the identity of the dramatic protagonists Nora and Tony (anti-puppet and puppet), especially with respect to gender stereotyping. The methodology focuses on the dramatic narrative structure by integrating the methodological frameworks of affective narratology and the theory of conceptual metaphor. By analysing emotions as an expression
of feelings in a literary text (Brković, 2015), strategies of emotion representations and reception of emotions in contemporary Croatian drama, we explore contemporary concepts of literary theory - emotional studies, also touching upon cognitive psychology and neurobiological and philosophical theories of emotions. The newly conceived notion of emotional reversal in this paper seeks to contribute to the terminology of
emotionalism, which is still inconsistent as it is still being developed (Robinson 2004, Keen 2011). A new, emotional reading of a literary text also suggests the key to understanding the fundamental relations of (dramatic) narration within the poetics of contemporary (dramatic) literature.
Ishodištem je ovoga rada opažaj kako se pri čitanju tekstova o glazbi Rolanda Barthesa pojam slušanja često pojavljuje uz negativne konotacije. Do izražaja najviše dolazi slušanje kao pasivan i ...receptivan odnos prema glazbi u okvirima prosječne građanske kulture, kojemu Barthes suprotstavlja aktivnost (vlastita) amaterskog sviranja. U ovome se radu razmatra zašto je Barthesov stav prema slušanju kritičan i zašto on previđa mogućnost drugačijih modusa slušanja. Naposljetku se naznačuje kako je Barthesa ipak moguće shvatiti i kao nekoga tko sluša, a ne samo nekoga tko svira.
PDF
