2-aminothiophene is an important pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry which exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities. An efficient one pot synthesis has been established for the synthesis of ...novel series of N-benzyl substituted 2-aminothiophene-3-carboxylic acid derivatives. The synthesized compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) and Mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds were tested on Gramnegative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. Among all the synthesized compound 2b, 2c, 2f were found to have good antibacterial activity. Conjugation of the compound and carboxylic acid group has enhanced the activity of all the compounds.
Blackberry fruits are recognized as functional foods while blackberry leaves are outside this classification and they also contain active compounds with health-promoting potential. Therefore, the aim ...of this study was the phytochemical analysis of blackberry leaves of varieties (Chester, Loch Ness, Loch Tay and Ruczaj) and screening of their biological activity (antioxidant potential, possibility of inhibition of enzymes, anti-inflammatory and microbial activity). The following compounds from selected groups: phenolic acids (caffeic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, syringic acid), flavonols (quercetin, kaempferol) and their glycosides (rutin, isoquercetin, hyperoside) and flavon-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin) were chromatographically determined in the aqueous and hydroalcoholic leaves extracts. All tested blackberry leaves extracts showed antioxidant effects, but the highest compounds content (TPC = 101.31 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity (e.g., DPPH IC
= 57.37 μg/mL; ABTS IC
= 24.83 μg/mL; CUPRAC IC
= 62.73 μg/mL; FRAP IC
= 39.99 μg/mL for hydroalcoholic extracts) was indicated for the Loch Tay variety. Blackberry leaf extracts' anti-inflammatory effect was also exceptionally high for the Loch Tay variety (IC
= 129.30 μg/mL), while leaves extracts of the Loch Ness variety showed a significant potential for microbial activity against
spp. and
spp. Summarizing, the best multidirectional pro-health effect was noted for leaves extracts of Loch Tay variety.
Reducing pressure on agrolandscapes while maintaining indicators of economic efficiency is a promising and relevant task for researchers. The article presents the results of a four-year study on the ...formation of water, nutrient, and microbial regimes in the soil of mid-early ecological group hybrid sunflower crops PR64F66 F1 and Tunca F1 at different levels of biologization of zonal variety cultivation technologies in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine: traditional intensive, extensive minimal, organic, and two levels of biologized. The dependence of the reduction in average daily soil moisture consumption on the application of biologization elements was established. The minimum value of the water consumption coefficient over the years of the study was found for organic cultivation technology – 407 (PR64F66 F1) and 423 (Tunca F1) m3/ton of dry matter, while the least economical consumption of active moisture for biomass formation was recorded for the extensive cultivation technology variant – 523 and 624 m3/ton respectively. Variants with the application of biologization elements in the mineral nutrition system were characterized by significantly higher efficiency and economy of nitrogen consumption from soil reserves. Throughout the vegetation period, under the conditions of intensive sunflower cultivation technology, both the overall population of the plowed soil layer and the number of microflora for individual key groups decreased significantly compared to variants where individual elements of biologization or their complex application (organic cultivation technology) were implemented, by 6.1–40.9%.
The research was carried out in a full-scale water treatment plant (WTP) in Poland to which water is supplied from ground and infiltration water intakes. The WTP has recently launched the second ...stage of the water treatment process based on the combination of ozonation and biologically activated carbon (BAC) filtration. The samples of water and the filter bed were collected once a month. Physical and chemical analyses were carried out, as well as the identification of bacterial species by way of biochemical diagnostics. The investigation proved that the examined carbon filter was biologically active. A correlation between the decrease in the dissolved oxygen concentration and the efficiency of carbon compounds removal was found. It was concluded that the total number of psychrophilic bacteria had impact on the biofiltration efficiency. The microbiological activity of treated water was rising during filtration, while the microbiological activity of the filter bed was relatively stable. Two microorganisms, Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, belonging to bacterial species typically inhabiting BAC filters, were identified. The research showed the absence of any members of the Enterobacteriaceae family in water or the filter bed. Studies have confirmed that FDA test is fast, simple and inexpensive, so it can be an effective tool in the routine control of biodegradation of organic matter in biofilter beds.
Microorganisms play an important role in shaping soil fertility, maintaining its performance as a bio-inert matter, and are an indicator of qualitative changes in the soil. As a result of ...anthropogenic impact on the soil, the number and species composition of the microbiota is decreasing. The purpose of the study was to assess the number of different physiological groups of microorganisms on meadow chernozem carbonate soil under different pea fertilisation systems. The number of different groups of soil microorganisms was estimated according to the method of D. H. Zvyagintsev by sowing soil suspension on solid culture media. It was found that the most favourable indicators of micro biocenosis and the highest yield of peas of the Tsarevych variety were formed by the residual effect of organic fertilisers and N45P45K45. The variant without fertilisers induces the development of organic matter mineralisation processes in meadow chernozem carbonate soil by the content of pedotrophic and humate-decomposing organisms and formed the lowest pea yield. The introduction of only mineral fertilizers for pea cultivation formed a high rate of humus accumulation at the level of Kac.= 1,6-1,9
Field management practices can alter the physical and chemical properties of the soil, also causing changes to the seed bank. Alterations can also occur to the soil microbial community, which in turn ...can increase or diminish the process of weed seed decay. In this research, the issue of seed degradation was studied in an undisturbed and a no-till soil, trying not only to uncover where seeds are more degraded, but also to investigate the microbial activities that could be involved in this process. Six different weed species, commonly found in northern Italy, were used:
and
. Seed decay was tested in two different sites, a no-till field and the adjacent buffer zone. Soil microbial activity was also measured using the Fertimetro, an approach based on the degradation of cotton and silk threads buried in the soil for one week. Degradation of the buried seeds was higher in the no-till field soil than in the buffer strip for all the studied species as was the microbial cellulolytic activity. Even though the buffer strip soil is an undisturbed habitat and resulted as having higher organic matter, the no-till soil conditions appeared more unfavourable to seed viability. Our findings suggest that no-till management can improve weed seed suppression in the soil. Moreover, cellulolytic microorganisms play an important role in seedbank longevity, so cellulolytic activity surveys could be used as an early monitoring bioindicator for weed seed suppression in soil.
Olive oil industry is economically important in Mediterranean countries. Disposal of olive mill waste (OMW) presents an environmental concern in those countries due to its high salinity and its high ...level of polyphenols. In order to reuse OMW, those properties have to change either through the filtration process and addition of adsorbents or by composting. One of the most important organisms in composting of organic wastes is earthworms. However, data on the effects of OMW on earthworms are scarce. The main aim of our study was to investigate whether OMW contaminated soil (OMW CS) causes adverse effects on molecular and organism level in epigeic earthworm
Dendrobaena veneta
and on microbiological activity. Changes of measured biochemical biomarkers (AChE, CAT, GST, lipids, MDA) varied depending on the quantity of added OMW CS and the exposure duration. Oxidative stress occurred after 7 days of exposure, while in most cases enzyme activity recovered after 28 days. At the highest ratio of contaminated soil (50%), reproduction was completely inhibited. The second aim was to investigate the impact of earthworms on phenol degradation and microbial activity, indicating an important role in the bioremediation of contaminated soils. Our results show that above a certain quantity an OMW CS has an adverse effect on earthworms, while the impact of earthworms on soil microbial activity was positive but transient. Yet, as the results also imply that earthworms have an impact on phenol degradation, they can be used to help remediation of OMW CS and its subsequent usage in agriculture. However, the quantity of OMW CS that can be safely added should be determined first.
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