New six cobalt(II) complexes 1–6 with four generation of quinolone drugs (nalidixic acid (Nal), oxolonic acid (Oxo), pipemidic acid (Pip), lomefloxacin (Lom), pefloxacin mesylate (Pef) and ...levofloxacin (Lev)) have been synthesized in methanol medium, and the general formula was designed as Co(L)2(Cl)2(H2O)2·4H2O (L=Nal (1), Oxo (2), Pip (3), Lom (4), Pef (5), and Lev (6)). The Co(III) complexes were identified using micro–analytical, FT–IR spectroscopy, conductance data, effective magnetic moments, electronic UV–vis spectra, and thermal analyses. The six quinolone drug chelates acts as uni–dentate via nitrogen atom of pyridone/piperazyl moiety. Electronic spectroscopic tools are in agreement with an octahedral geometrical structure. Thermal degradation analyses TG–DTG in nitrogen gas environmental are discussed the number and location of water molecules. The thermal decomposition process is completely in 3–4 steps, that the first step is responsible to loss of four uncoordinated water molecules. The stabilities of Co(II) complex 1–6 were studied dependent on activations of energy E*, entropy ΔS*, enthalpy ΔH* and Gibbs free energy ΔG* that have been estimated using Coats–Redfern and Horowitz–Metzeger non–isothermal methods. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding between some quinolone drugs with the receptor of breast cancer mutant 3hb5-oxidoreductase. The structural view of the synthesized cobalt(II)-quinolone nanoparticles has been documented with the help of transmission electron microscope (TEM). The synthesized metal chelates have been screened in vitro antibacterial activity against bacteria, gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and two strains of fungus (Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans). The cobalt(II) chelates were shown to possess more antibacterial activity than the free chelates.
•Synthesis of new six Co(II) quinolone drug complexes in methanol medium•Quinolone drugs acts as unidentate chelates.•Nanostructured form of Co(II) quinolone was checked using TEM.•Microbiological activities of Co(II) chelates were evaluated.•Molecular docking techniques were applied on free quinolone drugs.
This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and the activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) (ATCC 19615), Escherichia coli ...(E. coli) (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (ATCC 27853), Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) (ATCC 12022), Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) (ATCC 14028), Haemophillus influenzae (H. influenza) type B (ATCC 10211) and two fungal strains: Candida albicans (C. albicans) (ATCC 10231) and Candida parapsilopsis (C. parapsilopsis) (ATCC 22019) of the extracts obtained from Melilotus officinalis (MO), Coronilla varia (CV); Ononis spinosa (OS) and Robinia pseudoacacia (RP) (Fabaceae), and to identify the chemical compounds responsible for the antimicrobial effect against the tested strains. The extracts were obtained by conventional hydroalcoholic extraction and analyzed in terms of total polyphenols using the spectrophotometric method and by liquid chromatography (LC). The results have shown that the highest polyphenols content was recorded in the RP sample (16.21 mg gallic acid equivalent GAE/g), followed by the CV (15.06 mg GAE/g), the OS (13.17 mg GAE/g), the lowest value being recorded for the MO sample (11.94 mg GAE/g). The antimicrobial testing of plant extracts was carried out using the microdilution method. The most sensitive strains identified were: E. coli, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa and S. pyogenes, while protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, rutin, and kaempferol were identified as the chemical compounds responsible for the antibacterial effect. The analysis of the correlation between the chemical composition and the antimicrobial effect proved a moderate (r > 0.5) positive correlation between rosmarinic acid and S. pyogenes (r = 0.526), rosmarinic acid and S. typhimurium (r = 0.568), quercetin and C. albicans (r = 0.553), quercetin and S. pyogenes (r = 0.605). Therefore, it suggested possible antimicrobial activity generated by these chemical components. The results recommend the Fabaceae plants as promising candidates for further research to develop novel natural antimicrobial drugs.
The benefits of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been known in many fields from catalysis through optics to medicine due to their unique size-dependent properties. Recently, there is also a growing ...interest in novel skincare formulations containing AgNPs. In this work, AgNPs were successfully synthesised and were characterised by UV-Vis spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In addition, an analysis of particle size distribution (measured by Dynamic Light Scattering - DLS) and zeta potential (using the method Electrophoretic Light Scattering - ELS) were made. The obtained AgNPs were in two sizes: small (20 nm ± 5 nm) and large (100 nm ± 5 nm). The assessment of the cytotoxic effect on human skin cells was done. Smaller AgNPs showed less cytotoxicity and thus greater safety for skin, so they were introduced into new skincare formulations such as oil/water (O/W) emulsion, water/oil (W/O) emulsion and hydrogel. Moreover, the study of release AgNPs from emulsions and hydrogel using Franz diffusion chamber with pig skin as a membrane has been conducted. The receptor fluid measurements were performed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The last point of the research was the performance of microbiological tests to determine the antibacterial effect of the smaller AgNPs in both solution and cosmetic.
Zeolites can mitigate ammonium losses to the environment by taking up the ions from sources such as farmyard manure and ammonium-bearing fertilizers. This ability can improve nitrogen fertilizing ...practice given that ammonium ions loaded onto zeolite are available for plant uptake. The main goal of this study was to assess the influence of zeolite (clinoptilolite) and ammonia-loaded clinoptilolite on growth and yield of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), as well as their influence on the microbial dynamics in soil. Plants sown in pots were cut four times, and dry matter yield (DM) of each harvest was weighed. The number of culturable bacteria, moulds, ammonifiers, Azotobacter sp. and actinomycetes was determined at the beginning of the experiment, and after each harvest. Two control treatments (soil without fertilizer and soil supplemented with mineral fertilizer - CAN) were included in the study. The application of ammonia-loaded clinoptilolite positively and significantly affected the microbial activity and provided higher yields (from 4.9 g/pot in ammonia-loaded clinoptilolite treatment to 4.3 g/pot in soil with zeolite treatment). Our results suggest that the addition of clinoptilolite to organic fertilizers (manure, composts) could be recommended. The increase of microbial communities’ abundances and their activity represented the key benefit from clinoptilolite application.
In this age of intensive industrialization and urbanization, mankind’s highest concern should be to analyze the effect of all metals accumulating in the environment, both those considered toxic and ...trace elements. With this aim in mind, a unique study was conducted to determine the potentially negative impact of Sn
2+
, Co
2+
, and Mo
5+
in optimal and increased doses on soil biological properties. These metals were applied in the form of aqueous solutions of Sn
2+
(SnCl
2
.
2H
2
O), Co
2+
(CoCl
2
· 6H
2
O), and Mo
5+
(MoCl
5
), each in the doses of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg kg
−1
soil DM. The activity of dehydrogenases, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and catalase and the counts of twelve microorganism groups were determined on the 25th and 50th day of experiment duration. Moreover, to present the studied problem comprehensively, changes in the biochemical activity and yield of spring barley were shown using soil and plant resistance indices—RS. The study shows that Sn
2+
, Co
2+
, and Mo
5+
disturb the state of soil homeostasis. Co
2+
and Mo
5+
proved the greatest soil biological activity inhibitors. The residence of these metals in soil, particularly Co
2+
, also generated a drastic decrease in the value of spring barley resistance. Only Sn
2+
did not disrupt its yielding. The studied enzymes can be arranged as follows for their sensitivity to Sn
2+
, Co
2+
, Mo
5+
: Deh > Ure > Aryl > Pal > Pac > Cat. Dehydrogenases and urease may be reliable soil health indicators.
New cinnoline derivatives have been synthesized by reductive cyclization of hydrazones obtained by condensation of various 2-nitrophenylhydrazine derivatives with methyl pyruvate and dimethyl ...acetylenedicarboxylate. Microbiological tests of these new derivatives were carried out against four bacterial strains,
Escherichia coli
,
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Staphylococcus epidermidis
, and
Bacillus subtilis
, as well as two fungal strains,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
and
Candida albicans
. The synthesized compounds showed good to moderate activity.
Flake ice refrigeration is a conventional but commonly employed technique to slow down fish spoilage and deterioration of nutritional values and sensory properties during chilled storage. In the ...present study, a methanolic extract of red alga
Gracilaria verrucosa
was characterised, and functional groups, such as alkenes, aldehydes, nitriles, galactans and galactose-4-sulphate were found. Subsequent identification of active compounds revealed the presence of potent preservative agents, such as butylated hydroxytoluene, sulfurous acid, 1,2-propanediol, benzeneacetic acid, cyclononasiloxane and tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane. The effect of incorporating
G. verrucosa
at two different concentrations (0.67 and 2.5 g lyophilised alga/L aqueous solution) in the icing medium was tested for the preservation of Indian mackerel (
Rastrelliger kanagurta
), compared to preservation in traditional ice prepared only from water. Microbial, chemical and sensory qualities were monitored in Indian mackerel chilled in ice with and without
G. verrucosa
during 15 days storage period. Inhibitory effects (
p
< 0.05) on the microbial proliferation (mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria) and chemical markers of fish deterioration (pH, TVB-N, TMA-N and biogenic amines) were evidenced for ice containing both concentrations of
G. verrucosa
, respectively, relative to the control medium. The sensory score acceptability limit reached 11 days for Indian mackerel stored in traditional ice and 15 days for Indian mackerel stored in ice with
G. verrucosa
extract. Thus, the icing medium containing
G. verrucosa
extract improves the quality and safety of Indian mackerel during storage and can be explored by the seafood industry as a biopreservative.
(also known as celandine) contains pharmacologically active compounds such as isoquinoline alkaloids (e.g., chelidonine, sanguinarine), flavonoids, saponins, carotenoids, and organic acids. Due to ...the presence of isoquinoline alkaloids,
extracts are widely used as an antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral (including HSV-1 and HIV-1), and anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of various diseases, while chitosan is a biocompatible and biodegradable carrier with valuable properties for mucoadhesive formulations preparation. Our work aimed to prepare mucoadhesive vaginal drug delivery systems composed of
lyophilized extract and chitosan as an effective way to treat vaginitis. The pharmacological safety of usage of isoquinoline alkaloids, based on MTT test, were evaluated for the maximum doses 36.34 ± 0.29 µg/mL and 0.89 ± 1.16 µg/mL for chelidonine and sanguinarine, respectively. Dissolution rate profiles and permeability through artificial membranes for chelidonine and sanguinarine after their introduction into the chitosan system were studied. The low permeability for used save doses of isoquinoline alkaloids and results of microbiological studies allow confirmation that system
lyophilized extract chitosan 80/500 1:1 (w/w) is a promising strategy for vaginal use. Ex vivo studies of mucoadhesive properties and evaluation of tableting features demonstrated that the formulation containing
lyophilized extract (120.0 mg) with chitosan (80/500-100.0 mg) and polymer content (HPMC-100.0 mg, microcrystalline cellulose-50.0 mg, lactose monohydrate-30.0 mg and magnesium stearate-4.0 mg) is a vaginal dosage form with prolonging dissolution profile and high mucoadhesion properties (up to 4 h).
La actividad microbiológica es esencial para mantener la calidad de los suelos y los sistemas agroforestales surgen como alternativa, para el manejo agroecológico y sostenible del suelo. Este estudio ...evaluó el efecto de las variedades de café (Caturra y Catuaí) y de las fluctuaciones por épocas climáticas, sobre algunas propiedades microbiológicas del suelo, como indicadores de calidad, en un sistema agroforestal. Las muestras de suelo, se tomaron en la capa superior, a 5cm de profundidad, durante un año en épocas seca y lluviosa. Las mayores emisiones de CO2, se observaron en los suelos con la variedad Catuaí, en época seca. Los niveles de carbono de la biomasa microbiana (Cmic) no mostraron diferencias entre las variables estudiadas. Los valores obtenidos para el cociente metabólico (qCO2) fueron mayores en los suelos con la variedad Catuaí, mientras que el cociente microbiano (qMic) presentó los mayores valores en los suelos con la variedad Caturra. El cociente de eficiencia metabólica (qCO2.Corg-1) no mostró diferencias entre los suelos estudiados; sin embargo, sus niveles fueron más altos para las muestras tomadas durante la época seca. La microbiota del suelo denotó sensibilidad a los cambios por época climática de muestreo y tipo de variedad cultivada, mientras que las constantes ecofisiológicas resultaron sensiblemente apropiadas, para evaluar la calidad del suelo.
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