For the first time, the influence of ionising radiation on the physicochemical properties of ertapenem in solid state was studied. During our studies, we evaluated the possibility of applying ...radiosterilization to obtain sterile ertapenem. Spectroscopic (Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), chromatography (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC-MS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) studies shown that irradiation of ertapenem with the 25 kGy, the dose required to achieve sterility, does not change the physicochemical properties of the studied compound. The antimicrobial activity of ertapenem irradiated with the dose of 25 kGy was only reduced for one species. Based on the received results, we can conclude that radiostelization is a promising alternative method of obtaining sterile ertapenem. In our studies, ertapenem was also exposed to e-beam radiation with a dose of 400 kGy. It was determined that two novel degradation products that are structurally differently to degradants formed during hydrolysis and thermolysis.
The radiation sterilization is one of the best methods for sterilizing vulnerable degradation drugs like cefozopran hydrochloride.
Chemical stability of radiosterylized cefozopran hydrochloride, was ...confirmed by spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. EPR studies showed that radiation has created some radical defects whose concentration was no more than several dozen ppm. The antibacterial activity of cefozopran hydrochloride irradiated with a dose of 25kGy was unaltered for Gram-positive bacteria but changed for two Gram-negative strains. The radiation sterilized cefozopran hydrochloride was not in vitro cytotoxic against human CCD39Lu normal lung fibroblast cell line.
Cefozopran hydrochloride in solid state is not resistant to radiation sterilization and this method cannot be used for sterilization of this compound.
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of experimental site, season and canopy coverage on soil microbial and biochemical properties in Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis M.) forest stands. ...Two experimental sites were chosen (dry and semiarid climate). Twelve subplots were selected at each site, six under pine cover orthogonal projection and six subplots about 5 m off the orthogonal projection of pine in patches without plant material. Soil sampling was done in two different seasons: winter and summer. Physicochemical soil properties (i.e., soil texture, pH, carbonates, total organic carbon, organic matter, electrical conductivity, Total N and P), soil enzymes (urease, phosphatase, β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase activities), soil respiration and soil microbial biomass carbon were analysed in the selected forests areas and uncovered areas. In general, the results show that the effect of canopy coverage did not influence soil properties. Significant experimental site variation was generally seen on microbiological parameters and soil enzymes, as for the season. Results allowed us to conclude that Aleppo pine coverage does not influence soil properties. Climate plays an important role in soil properties, and soil properties vary in the dry climate depending on the season, which should be considered for the sampling season.
•Season had a significant influence on microbiological soil properties.•Experimental site had a significant influence on microbiological soil properties.•Microbiological soil properties were not significantly affected by tree coverage.•Climate significantly affects microbiological soil properties.
Water soil erosion is a phenomenon in which soil particles are separated transported and translocated by the action of rain water. Removal of topsoil by water flow leads to a decrease of humus in the ...soil, deterioration of soil structure, compaction, and reduction of microbial activity.Developed and tested have been number of methods and technologies for soil protection from the effects of water erosion. Such technology is vertical mulching, and straw or compost applied as mulching material.This work is a study of the changes that occur in some soil chemical properties and soil microbiological activity, as a result in the implementation of anti-erosion measure vertical mulching with different mulching materials for growing corn and wheat grain on carbonate chernozem, on sloping agricultural lands.
The paper studied the chemical and microbiological nature of the produced water. The aim of study is to describe the interdependence of the chemical composition and microbiological activity of the ...produced water in combination with various types and amounts of shungite for the treatment of produced water. For the first time produced water from the Kumkol field was studied. The practical value of research is to develop a methodology where the implementation of biotechnology for a high degree of purification is given. From a practical point of view, carbonate-shale shungite is of interest because it provided the largest decline in chlorides (1.7%) and the smallest increase in sulphates (13.5%). Use of all shungite has a beneficial health effect on the process of water purification, as coliform bacteria were not found in experimental samples. Based on the results from microbiological analysis, the most beneficial effect on the activity of the studied taxa affects carbonate-shale shungite, and Russian shungite has a relatively neutral stance on this characteristic.
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•We identify one degradation products of cefpirome sulfate (CPS).•We test the quality of radiosterilized CPS by UV, FT-IR, Raman, DSC, HPLC, cytotoxic and microbiologic studies.
The ...possibility of applying radiation sterilization to cefpirome sulfate was investigated. The lack of changes in the chemical structure of cefpirome sulfate irradiated with a dose of 25kGy, required to attain sterility, was confirmed by UV, FT-IR, Raman, DSC and chromatographic methods. Some radical defects with concentration no more than over a several dozen ppm were created by radiation. The antibacterial activity of cefpirome sulfate for two Gram-positive and three Gram-negative strains was changed. The radiation sterilised cefpirome sulfate was not in vitro cytotoxic against fibroblast cells.
The article presents the results of research studies aimed at the application of AT4 (respiration activity) and TTC (dehydrogenase activity) tests to assess the seasonal variability of the efficiency ...of a constructed wetland wastewater treatment plant. The research was carried out on the site, serving a single-family house inhabited by three people. The test results clearly showed that the wastewater treatment plant complies with the legally required quality requirements for discharged treated waste-water, yielding an average of 98% removal efficiency of organic biodegradable compounds (BOD5) and 93% of organic pollutants expressed in the COD parameter. The efficiency of biogen removal was relatively low, in the range characteristic for this type of systems 13%, respectively, for total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The use of the polishing pond allowed in summer to reduce the total nitrogen content in treated sewage by nearly 50%. In the winter, the polishing pond played mainly a retention role, not contributing to increasing the efficiency of the entire system. The microbiological activity tests in relation to the system effectiveness were based on respiration (AT4) and dehydrogenase activity (TTC). A proprietary solution was used to enable non-invasive sampling of soil samples from the interior of the filtering filtration material, which allowed the obtention of an image of the stratification of microbial activity. The oxygen demand of the filtration material in the summer was about 50% higher than in the autumn and winter period. The obtained results showed a seasonal change in the distribution of microbial activity inside the filtration material, reflecting the adaptive abilities of the filtration material’s microfauna to the variability of thermal conditions. It was found that in the winter period, the wetland filtration material, which was originally a system implementing oxygen processes, goes into anaerobic state, without reducing the efficiency of organic compound removal.
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