Multilingualism is a common phenomenon among Indonesian students who are proficient in both national and local languages. However, the use of the first language (L1) in English as a Foreign Language ...(EFL) classrooms has been a subject of ongoing debate. This study explores the use of the first language (L1) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms by investigating the perspectives of Indonesian students and teachers’ reasons. The study used a qualitative approach with a in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted with teachers, and questionnaire for the students, convenience sampling was used to select 105 participants from grade 12 of IPA, IPS, and Bahasa. Results showed that the majority of students had a positive perspective on the use of L1 by their English teachers during lessons. However, there was no significant difference in the students' perspectives based on gender and major classes. Teachers' reasons for using L1 included bridging students' knowledge, motivating students, and creating an active learning atmosphere. However, the overuse of L1 was found to be a potential problem, as it could lead to a lack of mastery of the target language. The findings suggest that the use of L1 in EFL classrooms can be beneficial but should be used in moderation to avoid students becoming too reliant on it. Teachers should use L1 as a means to facilitate learning, not as a substitute for the target language. This study provides important insights into the use of L1 in EFL classrooms from the perspectives of both students and teachers. These findings have important implications for language teaching practices and policies, not only in Indonesia but also in other multilingual contexts worldwide. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of L1 use on language acquisition and to develop effective strategies to minimize its negative impact.
Monolingualism being the unreflected, unquestioned norm in a nation's educational system has been described as ‘monolingual habitus’ by Ingrid Gogolin in the 1990s. Her concept can be seen as an ...applied case of Bourdieu's habitus concept. It supplies a multiplicity of points of orientation in the attempt to understand current practices in language education in educational systems. Based on empirical research (n=55) this article explores how mother tongue teachers in Austria perceive their own role in the education system. According to their self-image they are building bridges between teachers and parents, teachers and pupils and between pupils. Surprisingly mother tongue teachers highly identify with so-called meritocratic ideals of a state school system (e.g. equality of opportunity), even though pupils with low socio-economic status who attend mother tongue tuition in state schools are systematically discriminated by a segregating Austrian school system over decades. In the following text these teachers characterise how they perform their duty as educational actors in Austrian society. They work as mother tongue teachers in a society which seems to live with the deep-seated conviction that monolingualism in educational institutions such as kindergarten and school is the one and only normality, forever and always valid: the characteristic of a nation.
Tidigare forskning framhåller behovet av att utveckla samverkan mellan studiehandledare och lärare, eftersom samverkan avgör studiehandledningens kvalitet. Denna studie syftar till att genom ...studiehandledares utsagor bidra med kunskap om hur deras fungerande samverkan med lärare konkret kommer till uttryck. Studien baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta studiehandledare. Med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys undersöks vad studiehandledarna säger att de och deras lärarkollegor återkommande gör när de samverkar. För att fördjupa analysen av det handlingsutrymme som studiehandledare möter i sin samverkan med lärare används begreppen agency (Ahearn, 2001) och ontologisk trygghet (Giddens, 1979). I resultatet framkommer att samskapande rutiner förekommer i praktikerna planering, utförande i interaktion med elever, dokumentation och uppföljning och samtal om elevens mående. Dessutom framgår hur studiehandledarna hanterar situationer när lärarna inte gör vad de förväntas göra. Resultaten visar att fungerande samverkan möjliggörs genom rutinisering som i sin tur ger plats för studiehandledares agency, såväl som deras tillgång till en arbetslivsgemenskap.
The present study investigates the effect of directionality on the quality of consecutive interpreting between English and Persian by interpreting trainees. Two experiments were run in which 62 ...participants were recruited in two experiments at Arak University, Iran. In the first experiment, the participants (N = 30) interpreted from non-native English into native Persian (‘recto’). In the second experiment, different participants (N = 32) interpreted from native Persian into non-native English (‘verso’). The results showed better overall scores when interpreting was done into the mother tongue of the trainees. In each of the two experiments, the experimental group that had received prosody training outperformed the control group, especially on prosody-related rating scales such as pace (fluency). Finally, the performance by the experimental groups was better (relative to the control group) when the training and testing was done in the recto direction than when done verso. We conclude that the prosodic awareness training helps the interpreters to better decode the non-native input rather than to produce prosodically correct non-native output. The pedagogical implications of the present study may pertain to interpreting programs (at least in Iran). Prosody awareness training should be part of the teaching of listening comprehension in the interpreters’ curriculum.
Non-native speech is harder to understand than native speech. We demonstrate that this “processing difficulty” causes non-native speakers to sound less credible. People judged trivia statements such ...as “Ants don't sleep” as less true when spoken by a non-native than a native speaker. When people were made aware of the source of their difficulty they were able to correct when the accent was mild but not when it was heavy. This effect was not due to stereotypes of prejudice against foreigners because it occurred even though speakers were merely reciting statements provided by a native speaker. Such reduction of credibility may have an insidious impact on millions of people, who routinely communicate in a language which is not their native tongue.
•We model foundational literacy trajectories from complementary education into government schools.•At the point of transition into government schools, children who moved into a different language of ...instruction did not perform as well in literacy.•Those who transitioned into another local language were able to catch up after one year in government schools. However, those who transitioned into English did not.•To achieve sustained literacy for all children, local language should feature prominently in instruction in government schools.
This paper presents evidence on literacy trajectories for children in Ghana who enrolled in a Complementary Basic Education programme taught in mother tongue and transitioned into government schools. At the point of transition, we find that children who enrolled in government schools where the language of instruction differed from instruction in their mother tongue did not perform as well in literacy. After a year in government schools, those taught in another local language caught up. By contrast, those who transitioned into English did not. Our evidence reinforces the benefits of mother tongue and local language instruction for progress in literacy.
Resumen El procedimiento cloze, que se emplea habitualmente como herramienta tecnológica para evaluar la comprensión lectora de segundas lenguas, no suele usarse con lenguas maternas. Los motivos que ...descartan este instrumento con hablantes nativos se basan en que solo detecta el reconocimiento de información y habilidades lingüísticas microestructurales, y no mide la comprensión global ni inferencial del texto. En esta investigación se cuestiona esta idea y, con el fin de dilucidar el valor procedimental, se creó una herramienta de prueba basada en el modelo de exámenes DELE (nivel B2) y se aplicó a estudiantes universitarios españoles (N = 125) con dos objetivos: 1) medir la comprensión lectora de un texto argumentativo; 2) valorar la comprensión de la coherencia y cohesión discursivas a partir del uso de conectores. La herramienta fue diseñada en Moodle y ejecutada presencialmente. Se midió estadísticamente el índice de acierto y error de cada frase y conector y se aplicaron el test Chi-cuadrado de homogeneidad y el test de Cochran para valorar la significatividad de la confusión entre conectores y nociones argumentales. Los resultados muestran argumentos y conectores más transparentes y patrones de confusión argumental. Se demuestra que esta herramienta basada en el cloze mide la comprensión de textos argumentativos en lengua materna y puede ser un instrumento tecnológico replicable.
Abstract The cloze procedure, technological tool commonly used to assess reading comprehension in second languages, is not usually used with native speakers. The reasons that rule out this technique with native speakers are based on the fact that it only detects information recognition and microstructural linguistic skills and does not measure global or inferential comprehension of the text. This research questions this idea and, in order to elucidate its procedural value, a tool based on the DELE exam model (level B2) was created and applied to Spanish university students (N = 125) with two objectives: 1) to measure the reading comprehension of an argumentative text; 2) to assess the comprehension of discourse coherence and cohesion based on the use of linking words. The tool was designed in Moodle and executed in the classroom. The hit and miss rate of each sentence and connector was measured statistically and the Chi-square test of homogeneity and Cochran’s test were applied to assess the significance of the confusion between linking words and argumentative notions. The results show more transparent arguments and linking words and patterns of argumental confusion. It is shown that this cloze-based tool measures the comprehension of argumentative texts in the native language and can be a replicable technological instrument.
Resumo O procedimento cloze, comumente utilizado como ferramenta tecnológica para avaliar a compreensão de leitura em segundas línguas, raramente é utilizado com línguas maternas. As razões para descartar esse instrumento com falantes nativos baseiam-se no fato de que ele apenas detecta o reconhecimento de informações e habilidades linguísticas microestruturais, e não mede a compreensão global ou inferencial do texto. Nesta pesquisa, essa ideia é questionada e, para elucidar o valor processual, uma ferramenta de teste baseada no modelo de exame DELE (nível B2) foi criada e aplicada a estudantes universitários espanhóis (N = 125) com dois objetivos: 1 ) medir a compreensão de leitura de um texto argumentativo; 2) avaliar a compreensão da coerência e coesão discursiva a partir do uso de conectores. A ferramenta foi projetada no Moodle e executada presencialmente. A taxa de acertos e erros de cada sentença e conector foi medida estatisticamente e o teste de homogeneidade Qui-quadrado e o teste de Cochran foram aplicados para avaliar a significância da confusão entre conectores e noções de enredo. Os resultados mostram argumentos e conectores mais transparentes e padrões de confusão de argumentos. Mostra-se que essa ferramenta baseada em cloze mede a compreensão de textos argumentativos na língua materna e pode ser um instrumento tecnológico replicável.
The purpose of this study is to present a bibliometric analysis of the efforts for mother tongue education before and after the COVID-19pandemic. Unlike other studies in the literature, this study ...compares the publications made before and after the pandemic. The data set were created via searching the keywords "mother tongue education”, “teaching mother tongue”, “first language education", and "teaching first language". As a result of the search, 90 articles before the pandemic and 19 articles after the pandemic were identified in the Web of Science (WoS) database. The articles were evaluated in terms of inter-country collaboration and keyword networks. Visualizations were obtained using the VOS viewer program. The results revealed that there was a greater emphasis on mother tongue education and literacy before the pandemic. South Africa was found to be the leading country among the countries studied. After the pandemic, the focus shifted towards cognitive linguistics, discussion, artistic creativity, communication, competence, educational tasks, and independent thinking. South Africa and Turkey were found to be the leading countries among the countries studied.
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