•We examined if reputation concerns affect ingroup and outgroup sharing differently.•5–9-year-old children and adults showed an ingroup bias when sharing.•Children, but not adults, shared more when ...observed by a neutral onlooker.•Children’s ingroup and outgroup sharing were equally affected by reputation concerns.•Children rated ingroup giving as nicer, while adults rated outgroup giving as nicer.
Previous studies establish that reputation concerns play an important role in outgroup giving. However, it is unclear whether the same is true for ingroup giving, which by some accounts tends to be motivated by empathic concerns. To explore this question, we tested the extent to which 5 to 9-year-old children (Study 1: N = 164) and adults (Study 2: N = 80) shared resources with ingroup and outgroup members, either when being watched by an observer (where we expected reputation concerns to be salient) or in private (where we expected no effect of reputation concerns). We also assessed whether children and adults differ in their beliefs about which form of sharing (ingroup or outgroup giving) is nicer. Although we found that both children and adults exhibited an ingroup bias when sharing, there was no evidence in either group that reputation concerns were greater for outgroup members than for ingroup members. We also found that, in contrast to adults, children shared more resources when observed than in private. Additionally, children evaluated ingroup giving as nicer across different sharing scenarios, whereas adults identified outgroup giving as nicer when the two forms of giving were contrasted. These results are the first to suggest that reputational concerns influence children’s sharing both with ingroup and outgroup members, and that children differ from adults in their reasoning about which form of group sharing is nicer.
•Obsessive-compulsive symptoms were associated with problematic alcohol use via coping motives.•These effects were observed controlling for smoking, alcohol use, and anxiety/depressive ...symptoms.•Clinically, results may inform future treatment development for OCD patients with problematic alcohol use.
The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the unique explanatory role of alcohol use motives above the effects of each other, using a multiple mediation model, for the relationship between obsessive–compulsive symptomatology and problematic alcohol use among a young ethno-racially diverse sample of college students with current (past-month) alcohol use. Participants were 454 college students (81.72% female, Mage = 22.46, SD = 4.71). Results indicated that coping motives significantly explained the relationship between obsessive–compulsive symptoms, and alcohol consumption (past year), risky drinking, and recent alcohol use (past month) as behavioral indices of problematic drinking after controlling for the variance accounted for by recent cannabis use, smoking, and anxiety and depressive symptoms (with small to medium effect sizes). These findings are discussed in terms of the development of specialized treatments to specifically target coping oriented alcohol use motives in the context of obsessive–compulsive symptoms among young adults with clinically significant OCD symptoms and comorbid problematic alcohol use.
Binge drinking and binge eating occur frequently in undergraduates; however, the mechanism driving their co-occurrence is not well-understood. Several theories support the role of motives in driving ...drinking and eating behavior, especially motivations related to affect regulation (i.e., enhancement/pleasure and coping). This study used a person-centered approach to identify classes of students based on eating and drinking motives and past-month binge behavior and examined class differences in psychopathology, emotion regulation, and impulsivity. Undergraduates (N = 776) completed a drinking timeline follow-back and surveys assessing motives, binge eating, psychopathology, emotion regulation, impulsivity, and quality of life. Mixture modeling was used to group students based on presence/absence of past-month binge eating, binge drinking, and motives for eating and drinking. The analysis resulted in 4 classes: Binge Drinking (with relatively high social and enhancement drinking motives), Binge Eating (with overall high eating motives), Both Bingeing (with high drinking motives, especially coping, and high eating motives), and Low Bingeing (with low motives for both behaviors). ANOVA and post-hoc analyses suggested that the Binge Eating and Both Bingeing groups were most impaired, while the Binge Drinking class rarely differed from the Low Bingeing group across measures of psychological distress. Notably, classes with high eating/drinking motives displayed significant impairment despite not all class members endorsing binge behavior. Findings suggest that binge drinking in addition to binge eating may not imply more psychological impairment and support the importance of assessing motives for eating/drinking among undergraduates and potentially trying to challenge these motives through early intervention.
•Person-centered approaches help accurately capture student binge eating and drinking profiles.•Eating/drinking motives may improve classification beyond clustering by binge status only.•Comorbid binge class generally did not show more psychological distress than Binge Eating class.•Binge Drinking class displayed a psychological profile similar to Low Bingeing class.•High eating and drinking motives were associated with distress for some students who did not binge.
An exploration of the place of material objects in modern poetry. In this volume, fifteen scholars and poets, from Austria, Britain, Czechia, France, Germany, Ireland, Lithuania, and Russia, ...explore the topic of things and objects in poetry written in a number of different languages and in different eras. The book begins with ancient poetry, then moves on to demonstrate the significance of objects in the Chinese poetic tradition. From there, the focus shifts to things and objects in the poetry of the twentieth and the twenty-first century, examining the work of Czech, Polish, and Russian poets alongside other key figures such as Rilke, Francis Ponge, William Carlos Williams, and Paul Muldoon. Along the way, the reader gets an introduction to key terms and phrases that have been associated with things in the course of poetic history, such as ekphrasis, objective lyricism. and hyperobjects.
In their review of the literature, Lim and Teo (2022) detail the individual, interpersonal, and situational antecedents of cyberloafing, which sheds light on which employees may be predisposed toward ...this behavior (e.g., younger, male, single, highly educated, and extraverts). Furthermore, they point out that certain situational factors enhance the likelihood of cyberloafing at work (e.g., easy access to the Internet at work, low visibility of one's computer screen, coworker approval of or engagement in the behavior). Although the who and when are informative, an important piece of the puzzle is missing, the why. We need to move beyond descriptive research and seek to identify the motives driving employees' choice to cyberloaf. This knowledge will help determine whether cyberloafing is harmful or helpful as well as how company policies should approach this behavior.
Decades of negotiations research has emphasized the importance of having alternatives. Negotiators with high-value outside offers tend to have greater power and claim higher values in the focal ...negotiation. We extend this line of work by proposing that the source of alternatives-that is, who negotiators receive an alternative offer from-can significantly shape their negotiation behavior and outcomes. Specifically, we examine how negotiators' behavior changes when they face a counterpart who has an offer from their rival. Four studies demonstrate that this situation enhances negotiators' motivation to outperform their counterpart's alternative by reaching an agreement with the counterpart. This in turn leads the focal negotiator to make less aspirational first offers and eventually claim less value in final agreements. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the existing relationships among actors directly and indirectly involved in a negotiation, reveal a novel motive that can guide negotiators' behavior and outcomes, and uncover a previously unexplored negotiation strategy.
Background: COVID-19 pandemic has affected many countries globally. This crisis may influent food choice motives due to the stressful events, prolonged duration of quarantine, lack of in-person ...contact, fears of infection, and financial loss. Meanwhile, food choice motives remain important as the basic information to form efficient and adaptable dietary intervention to maintain health and well-being, especially among workers to improve their productivity.
Purpose: To assess the food choice motives among office workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jakarta.
Methods: This was an online cross-sectional study on 290 workers aged 25-54 years old in Jakarta. Subjects were recruited through a consecutive sampling method. Food choice motives were assessed using a validated Food Choice Value questionnaire on January-February 2021. Its association with the sociodemographic characteristics was also being analyzed using Spearman, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal Wallis test to get a complete picture.
Results: Safety has become important during this pandemic due to high concern on COVID-19 (p<0.001, r: 0.232). Older worker tend to give more concern on organic (p<0.001, r: 0.254), weight control/health (p<0.05, r: 0.124), and tradition motives (p<0.01, r: 0.161) in choosing food. Meanwhile, access was important to younger (p<0.001, r: -0.205) and single respondents (p<0.01). Married respondents were having significantly higher scores on organic motive (p<0.01). Females were putting more concerned about inconvenience (p<0.01). Tradition motive as the least one reported by the respondents was significantly related to income (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Concern on food safety has become the most important due to pandemic conditions. Different motives emerged among different sociodemographic characteristics.
This study aimed to identify the motives for social media sites use in the general population and determine what personality traits (normal and maladaptive) predict different motives for social media ...sites use. Another objective was to analyze which motives for SMSs use are related to well-being. The sample consisted of 420 subjects (211 men, 209 women), mean age 40.29 years (SD = 14.93). Data were gathered using the Big Five Inventory, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form -Adult, the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, and a scale designed ad hoc to evaluate the motives for social media sites use. The results showed that the most frequent motives were Personal relationship maintenance/Search for information, Pastime/Exhibitionism, and Search for companionship. In addition, it was found that normal and, especially, maladaptive personality traits increased the explained variance for the three motives for social media sites use, beyond age and gender. Predictors of relationship initiation and pastime/exhibitionism motives were related to more negative features (e.g., antagonism and disinhibition) than predictors of personal relationship maintenance/search for information. Finally, personal relationship maintenance/search for information was positively related to all the components of well-being, while the other motives for social media sites use were negatively associated with well-being.
Fernando J. Rosenberg explores Latin American artistic production concerned with the possibility of justice after the establishment, rise, and ebb of the human rights narrative around the turn of the ...last century. Prior to this, key literary and artistic projects articulated Latin American modernity by attempting to address and supplement the state's inability to embody and enact justice.Rosenberg argues that since the topics of emancipation, identity, and revolution no longer define social concerns, Latin American artistic production is now situated at a point where the logic and conditions of marketization intersect with the notion of rights through which subjects define themselves politically. Rosenberg grounds his study in discussions of literature, film, and visual art (novels of political refoundations, fictions of truth and reconciliation, visual arts based on cases of disappearance, films about police violence, artistic collaborations with police forces, and judicial documentaries). In doing so, he provides a highly original examination of the paradoxical demands on current artistic works to produce both capital value and foster human dignity.
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