Objective
To characterize obstetric outcomes and the association with umbilical cord (UC) complications among women complaining of reduced fetal movements (RFMs).
Methods
This retrospective cohort ...compared women with a perception of RFMs within 2 weeks prior to delivery with women who reported no changes in fetal movements in terms of maternal characteristics and neonatal outcomes. A primary outcome of UC complications at delivery was defined. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify independent associations with RFMs and UC complications.
Results
In all, 46 103 women were included, 2591 (5.6%) of whom reported RFMs and 43 512 (94.4%) in the control group. Compared with controls, the RFM group was more likely to be nulliparous (42.6% vs 32.2%, P < 0.001), smokers (6.4% vs 5.4%, P = 0.029), or obese (body mass index >30) (16.4% vs 11.6%, P < 0.001). They were also more likely to have an anterior placenta (56.2% vs 51.8%, P < 0.001) and poly/oligohydramnios (0.7% vs 0.4%, P = 0.015 and 3.6% vs 2.1%, P < 0.001, respectively). Induction of labor was more common in the RFM group (33.9% vs 19.7%, P < 0.001), as well as meconium (16.8% vs 15.0%, P = 0.026) and vacuum extractions (10.1% vs 8.0%, P < 0.001). Higher rates of stillbirth and the severe composite neonatal outcome were observed in the RFM group (1.5% vs 0.2%, P < 0.001 and 0.6% vs 0.3%, P = 0.010, respectively). The RFM group was characterized by higher rates of triple nuchal cord (P = 0.015), UC around body or neck (32.2% vs 29.6%, P = 0.010), and true knot (2.3% vs 1.4%, P = 0.002). Multivariable logistic regression found RFMs to be independently associated with triple nuchal cord and with a true cord knot. A sub‐analysis including only cases of stillbirth (n = 127) revealed even higher rates of UC complications: 7% of all stillbirths presented with a true cord knot (20% true knots were found in stillbirths preceded by RFMs vs 6.1% in stillbirth cases without RFMs). Additionally, 33.8% of all stillbirths presented with nuchal cord (40% preceded by RFMs vs 33.3% without RFMs).
Conclusions
RFMs are associated with increased risk of UC complications observed at delivery, as well as increased risk of stillbirth and neonatal adverse outcomes.
Synopsis
Reduced fetal movements are associated with umbilical cord complications at delivery such as nuchal cord, triple nuchal cord, or a true knot.
Despite constitutions that enshrine equality, until recently every state in Latin America permitted longer working hours (in some cases more than double the hours) and lower benefits for domestic ...workers than other workers. This has, in effect, subsidized a cheap labor force for middle- and upper-class families and enabled well-to-do women to enter professional labor markets without having to negotiate household and care work with their male partners. While elite resistance to reform has been widespread, during the past fifteen years a handful of countries have instituted equal rights. In Care Work and Class, Merike Blofield examines how domestic workers’ mobilization, strategic alliances, and political windows of opportunity, mostly linked to left-wing executive and legislative allies, can lead to improved rights even in a region as unequal as Latin America. Blofield also examines the conditions that lead to better enforcement of rights.
Some of the most divisive contests shaping the quest for marriage equality occurred not on the culture-war front lines but within the ranks of LGBTQ advocates. Nathaniel Frank tells the dramatic ...story of how an idea that once seemed unfathomable—and for many gays and lesbians undesirable—became a legal and moral right in just half a century.
Not so long ago hardly anything was said of the Lesbian Liberation Movement and the Gay Liberation Movement, indeed, the terms gay and lesbian were not even used if some other expression could be ...found. Today, by contrast, hardly a day passes when something important does not occur, and is carried by the major media and disseminated on more personal levels through blogs and the social media. If anything, there is perhaps too much “news” and not enough “information.” Obviously, a book like this cannot keep up with the news, but it can do something equally important when it comes to information, by reminding us of the past and what has been going and just how fast events are moving. The Historical Dictionary of the Lesbian and Gay Liberation Movements covers the history of this movement through a cross-referenced dictionary with over 1000 entries on specific countries and regions, influential historical figures, laws that criminalized same-sex sexuality, various historical terms that have been used to refer to aspects of same-sex love, and contemporary events and legal decisions. Including a comprehensive chronology and bibliography, this book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone interested in learning more about the struggle for equality.
Breakthroughs in understanding the neural basis of natural behavior require neural recording and intervention to be paired with high-fidelity multimodal behavioral monitoring. An extensive genetic ...toolkit for neural circuit dissection, and well-developed neural recording technology, make the mouse a powerful model organism for systems neuroscience. However, most methods for high-bandwidth acquisition of behavioral data in mice rely upon fixed-position cameras and other off-animal devices, complicating the monitoring of animals freely engaged in natural behaviors. Here, we report the development of a lightweight head-mounted camera system combined with head-movement sensors to simultaneously monitor eye position, pupil dilation, whisking, and pinna movements along with head motion in unrestrained, freely behaving mice. The power of the combined technology is demonstrated by observations linking eye position to head orientation; whisking to non-tactile stimulation; and, in electrophysiological experiments, visual cortical activity to volitional head movements.
•Eyes, whiskers, head, and neural activity monitored in freely moving mice•System generates stable video output and leaves mouse behavior largely unchanged•Close link between eye and head movements at both slow and fast timescales•Active head movements in the dark strongly modulate primary visual cortex activity
Meyer et al. describe a new head-mounted camera system that enables detailed behavioral monitoring along with neural recording in freely moving mice. The system reveals close coupling between eye and head movements, and head-movement-related activity in primary visual cortex.
Straight to Jesus Erzen, Tanya
2006., 20060528, 2006, 2006-06-27
eBook
Every year, hundreds of gay men and lesbians join ex-gay ministries in an attempt to convert to non-homosexual Christian lives. In this fascinating study of the transnational ex-gay movement, Tanya ...Erzen focuses on the everyday lives of men and women at New Hope Ministry, a residential ex-gay program, over the course of several years. Straight to Jesus traces the stories of people who have renounced long-term relationships and moved from other countries out of a conviction that the conservative Christian beliefs of their upbringing and their own same-sex desires are irreconcilable. Rather than definitively changing from homosexual to heterosexual, the participants experience a conversion that is both sexual and religious as born-again evangelical Christians. At New Hope, they maintain a personal relationship with Jesus and build new forms of kinship and belonging. By becoming what they call "new creations," these men and women testify to religious transformation rather than changes in sexual desire or behavior. Straight to Jesus exposes how the Christian Right attempts to repudiate gay identity and political rights by using the ex-gay movement as evidence that “change is possible.” Instead, Erzen reveals, the realities of the lives she examines actually undermine this anti-gay strategy.
How do precarious workers employed in call-centres, universities, the fashion industry and many other labour markets organise, struggle and communicate to become recognised, influential political ...subjects? &dquoteMedia Practices and Protest Politics; How Precarious Workers Mobilise&dquote reveals the process by which individuals at the margins of the labour market and excluded from the welfare state communicate and struggle outside the realm of institutional politics to gain recognition in the political sphere. In this important and thought provoking work Alice Mattoni suggests an all-encompassing approach to understanding grassroots political communication in contemporary societies. Using original examples from precarious workers mobilizations in Italy she explores a range of activist media practices and compares different categories of media technologies, organizations and outlets from the printed press to web application and from mainstream to alternative media. Explaining how activists perceive and understand the media environment in which they are embedded the book discusses how they must interact with a diverse range of media professionals and technologies and considers how mainstream, radical left-wing and alternative media represent protests. Media Practices and Protest Politics offers important insights for understanding mechanisms and patterns of visibility in struggles for recognition and redistribution in post-democratic societies and provides a valuable contribution to the field of political communication and social movement studies.
In the past few years, there has been an explosion of eye movement research in cognitive science and neuroscience. This has been due to the availability of ‘off the shelf’ eye trackers, along with ...software to allow the easy acquisition and analysis of eye movement data. Accompanying this has been a realisation that eye movement data can be informative about many different aspects of perceptual and cognitive processing. Eye movements have been used to examine the visual and cognitive processes underpinning a much broader range of human activities, including, language production, dialogue, human computer interaction, driving behaviour, sporting performance, and emotional states. Finally, in the past thirty years, there have been real advances in our understanding of the neural processes that underpin eye movement behaviour. The Oxford Handbook of Eye Movements provides a comprehensive review of the entire field of eye movement research. In over fifty articles, it reviews the developments that have so far taken place, the areas actively being researched, and looks at how the field is likely to develop in the coming years. The first section considers historical and background material, before moving onto a second section on the neural basis of eye movements. The third and fourth sections look at visual cognition and eye movements and eye movement pathology and development. The final sections consider eye movements and reading and language processing and eye movements.
Social work has repeatedly placed itself in relation to social movements – but has not defined this relationship further. This book empirically explores the relationship of social work to social ...movements and looks at the period of social work's emergence – the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. The author asks how the concepts of "people" and "nation" are thematized in journals of the labor movements, the youth movement, and the bourgeois women's movement, as well as in classical theoretical approaches to social work, and what conclusions can be drawn from this about the relationship of social work to social movements.
Soziale Arbeit hat sich immer wieder zu sozialen Bewegungen ins Verhältnis gesetzt – dieses aber nicht weiter definiert. Dieses Buch geht dem Verhältnis von Sozialer Arbeit zu sozialen Bewegungen empirisch nach und betrachtet den Entstehungszeitraum Sozialer Arbeit – das Deutsche Kaiserreich und die Weimarer Republik. Die Autorin fragt danach, wie in Zeitschriften der Arbeiterbewegungen, der Jugendbewegung und der bürgerlichen Frauenbewegung sowie in klassischen Theorieansätzen Sozialer Arbeit die historischen Grundbegriffe „Volk“ und „Nation“ thematisiert werden und welche Schlüsse sich daraus auf das Verhältnis von Sozialer Arbeit zu sozialen Bewegungen ziehen lassen.
The execution of coordinated hand movements requires complex interactions between premotor and primary motor areas in the two hemispheres. The supplementary motor area (SMA) is involved in movement ...preparation and bimanual coordination. How the SMA controls bimanual coordination remains unclear, although there is evidence suggesting that the SMA could modulate interhemispheric interactions. With a delayed‐response task, we investigated interhemispheric interactions underlying normal movement preparation and the role of the SMA in these interactions during the delay period of unimanual or bimanual hand movements. We used functional MRI and transcranial magnetic stimulation in 22 healthy volunteers (HVs), and then in two models of SMA dysfunction: (a) in the same group of HVs after transient disruption of the right SMA proper by continuous transcranial magnetic theta‐burst stimulation; (b) in a group of 22 patients with congenital mirror movements (CMM), whose inability to produce asymmetric hand movements is associated with SMA dysfunction. In HVs, interhemispheric connectivity during the delay period was modulated according to whether or not hand coordination was required for the forthcoming movement. In HVs following SMA disruption and in CMM patients, interhemispheric connectivity was modified during the delay period and the interhemispheric inhibition was decreased. Using two models of SMA dysfunction, we showed that the SMA modulates interhemispheric interactions during movement preparation. This unveils a new role for the SMA and highlights its importance in coordinated movement preparation.
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