The brain continues to respond selectively to environmental stimuli during sleep. However, the functional role of such responses, and whether they reflect information processing or rather sensory ...inhibition, is not fully understood. Here, we present 17 human sleepers (14 females) with their own name and two unfamiliar first names, spoken by either a familiar voice (FV) or an unfamiliar voice (UFV), while recording polysomnography during a full night of sleep. We detect K-complexes, sleep spindles, and microarousals, and assess event-related and frequency responses as well as intertrial phase synchronization to the different stimuli presented during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. We show that UFVs evoke more K-complexes and microarousals than FVs. When both stimuli evoke a K-complex, we observe larger evoked potentials, more precise time-locking of brain responses in the delta band (1-4 Hz), and stronger activity in the high frequency (>16 Hz) range, in response to UFVs relative to FVs. Crucially, these differences in brain responses disappear completely when no K-complexes are evoked by the auditory stimuli. Our findings highlight discrepancies in brain responses to auditory stimuli based on their relevance to the sleeper and propose a key role for K-complexes in the modulation of sensory processing during sleep. We argue that such content-specific, dynamic reactivity to external sensory information enables the brain to enter a sentinel processing mode in which it engages in the important internal processes that are ongoing during sleep while still maintaining the ability to process vital external sensory information.
Previous research has shown that sensory processing continues during sleep. Here, we studied the capacity of the sleeping brain to extract and process relevant sensory information. We presented sleepers with their own names and unfamiliar names spoken by either an FV or a UFV. During NREM sleep, UFVs elicited more K-complexes and microarousals than FVs. By contrasting stimuli that evoked K-complexes, we demonstrate that UFVs evoked larger, more synchronized brain responses as well as stronger power at high frequencies (>16 Hz) relative to FVs. These differences in brain responses disappeared when no K-complexes were evoked. Our results suggest a pivotal role for K-complexes in the selective processing of relevant information during NREM sleep.
V prispevku predstavljamo rešitve za prepoznavanje in označevanje zaznamovanega besedišča v okviru koncepta odzivnega Slovarja sopomenk sodobne slovenščine. Ker gre za prvi tovrstni projekt, so ...pripravljene rešitve v veliki meri inovativne, umeščene pa v okvir problematike avtomatske strojne izdelave slovarja, njegove odprtosti in vključenosti uporabniške skupnosti. Prispevek prikazuje postopek prepoznavanja sovražnega in grobega besedišča ter pripis oznak, opozorilnih ikon in daljših pojasnil. Ukvarjamo se tako s tehničnimi kot vsebinskimi vprašanji označevanja. Vsebinsko oznake temeljijo na sporočanjskem namenu in učinku, pri čemer je njihovo bistvo informacija o možnih posledicah rabe, pri tehničnih rešitvah pa veliko pozornost posvečamo digitalnemu mediju in vizualizaciji rešitev v njem. Ker je odzivnost eden ključnih konceptov slovarja, se pri rešitvah glede označevanja zavedamo pomembnosti sodelovanja z uporabniško skupnostjo, zato tudi pri dodajanju oznak predlagamo rešitve za sodelovanje s skupnostjo. Izhodiščni konferenčni prispevek je bil razširjen v vseh poglavjih, dodano pa je povsem novo poglavje o obdelavi večpomenskih iztočnic, njihovi pomenski členitvi in pomenskem opisovanju z zgledi pomenov z negativno zaznamovanostjo.
Kulturni dejavniki lahko vplivajo na to, kako urbanist ureja prostor. Kulturna identiteta ali ideologija pomembno vpliva na urbanistično načrtovanje, vendar je te vplive težko izmeriti, zato se ...pogosto spregledajo. V raziskavi preučujemo, kateri dejavniki vplivajo na urbanistovo percepcijo v Prištini, ki se izraža tudi v namenu njegovega oblikovanja in ustvarjanja prostora. Dejavnike smo povzeli iz prejšnjih raziskav ter vključujejo narodno identiteto, etnonacionalizem, socialne konstrukte in politične pritiske. Uporabili smo kvalitativno metodo raziskave s primerjalno analizo primerov. Z namenskim vzorčenjem in polstrukturiranimi intervjuji z izbranimi urbanisti v Prištini smo ugotovili, kako ti dejavniki vplivajo na njihovo percepcijo in namen urejanja prostora. Izkazalo se je, da na percepcijo najpomembneje vpliva narodna identiteta, sledijo politični pritiski, najmanjši vpliv pa imajo etnonacionalizem in socialni konstrukti. Poleg tega ima strukturna relativnost percepcij in namenov urbanistov pozitivne učinke. Izsledki raziskave poudarjajo elemente, ki bi jih morali upoštevati urbanisti na Kosovu, in dajejo dobro osnovo za nadaljnje raziskave.
Exploring and celebrating individual lives in diverse situations, Women Singers in Global Contexts is a new departure in the study of women's worldwide music-making. Ten unique women constitute the ...heart of this volume: each one has engaged her singing voice as a central element in her life, experiencing various opportunities, tensions, and choices through her vocality. These biographical and poetic narratives demonstrate how the act of vocalizing embodies dynamics of representation, power, agency, activism, and risk-taking._x000B__x000B_Engaging with performance practice, politics, and constructions of gender through vocality and vocal aesthetics, this collection offers valuable insights into the experiences of specific women singers in a range of sociocultural contexts. Contributors trace themes and threads that include childhood, families, motherhood, migration, fame, training, transmission, technology, and the interface of private lives and public identities._x000B__x000B_This volume is the first collection of primarily ethnographic work to concentrate solely on individual women singers. Singing takes on a distinctive role in each woman's life, and the women profiled include a locally known community singer, an internationally-renowned priestess, a professional wedding singer, and a national star. Essays range across musical genres encompassing jazz, rap, traditional, folk, devotional, and classical, and the collection's geographical focus includes Afghanistan, Australia, Canada, Cuba, Cyprus, Germany, Iran, Japan, Mexico, Poland, South Africa, Torres Strait Islands, Turkey, and the United States._x000B__x000B_Contributors are Shino Arisawa, Katelyn Barney, Gay Breyley, Nicoletta Demetriou, Veronica Doubleday, Ruth Hellier, Ellen Koskoff, Carol Muller, Thomas Solomon, Amanda Villepastour, and Louise Wrazen._x000B_
The study of singers' art has emerged as a prominent area of inquiry within musicology in recent years. Female Singers on the French Stage, 1830–1848 shifts the focus from the artwork onstage to the ...labour that went on behind the scenes. Through extensive analysis of primary source documents, Kimberly White explores the profession of singing, operatic culture, and the representation of female performers on the French stage between 1830 and 1848, and reveals new perspectives on the social, economic, and cultural status of these women. The book attempts to reconstruct and clarify contemporary practices of the singer at work, including vocal training, débuts, rehearsals and performance schedules, touring, benefit concerts, and retirement, as well as the strategies utilized in publicity and image making. Dozens of case studies, many compiled from singers' correspondence and archival papers, shed light on the performers' successes and struggles at a time when Paris was the operatic centre of Europe.
Verdi's operas - composed between 1839 and 1893 - portray a striking diversity of female protagonists: warrior women and peacemakers, virgins and courtesans, princesses and slaves, witches and ...gypsies, mothers and daughters, erring and idealised wives, and, last of all, a feisty quartet of Tudor townswomen in Verdi's final opera, Falstaff. Yet what meanings did the impassioned crises and dilemmas of these characters hold for the nineteenth-century female spectator, especially during such a turbulent span in the history of the Italian peninsula? How was opera shaped by society - and was society similarly influenced by opera? Contextualising Verdi's female roles within aspects of women's social, cultural and political history, Susan Rutherford explores the interface between the reality of the spectators' lives and the imaginary of the fictional world before them on the operatic stage.
Libby Larsen Von Glahn, Denise
08/2017, Volume:
415
eBook
Libby Larsen has composed award-winning music performed around the world. Her works range from chamber pieces and song cycles to operas to large-scale works for orchestra and chorus. At the same ...time, she has advocated for living composers and new music since cofounding the American Composers Forum in 1973. Denise Von Glahn 's in-depth examination of Larsen merges traditional biography with a daring scholarly foray: an ethnography of one active artist. Drawing on musical analysis, the composer 's personal archive, and seven years of interviews with Larsen and those in her orbit, Von Glahn illuminates the polyphony of achievements that make up Larsen 's public and private lives. In considering Larsen 's musical impact, Von Glahn delves into how elements of the personal "a 1950s childhood, spiritual seeking, love of nature, and status as an important woman artist "inform her work. The result is a portrait of a musical pathfinder who continues to defy expectations and reject labels.
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