В центре нашего внимания находится механизм воздействия малоинформативного экспрессивного отрицания на дискурс. Объектом исследования выступает художественный дискурс в состав, которого входят ...средства выражения отрицания, создающие экспрессию. Особое значение отводится отрицательным по содержанию и форме выражениям, употребление которых нацелено на усиление основного смысла дискурса. Рассматривается характер влияния употреблённых экспрессивных отрицательных высказываний на содержательный и формальный аспекты дискурса, изучается воздействие экспрессивного отрицания на стратегическое и тактическое речевое поведение говорящего. Новизна исследования заключается в разработке недостаточно изученных способов построения художественного дискурса с точки зрения когнитивистики, а именно, способов расширения пространственно-временной структуры речевого отрезка за счет малоинформативных компонентов.
This book explores the various uses and pragmatic meanings of negation in authentic communication, in different text types and in different languages, predominately romance languages.
We present first an outline on Luxemburgish, then on "negators" in this language. Next we examine the opposition between global negation and partial negation. Then in particular we examine the couple ...nët "not" versus keen meaning 1) "nobody" 2) negation. Finally these negators are analysed in context in order to underline their instructions for use.
A dozen papers have considered the concept of negation of probability distributions (pd) introduced by Yager. Usually, such negations are generated point-by-point by functions defined on a set of ...probability values and called here negators. Recently the class of pd-independent linear negators has been introduced and characterized using Yager’s negator. The open problem was how to introduce involutive negators generating involutive negations of pd. To solve this problem, we extend the concepts of contracting and involutive negations studied in fuzzy logic on probability distributions. First, we prove that the sequence of multiple negations of pd generated by a linear negator converges to the uniform distribution with maximal entropy. Then, we show that any pd-independent negator is non-involutive, and any non-trivial linear negator is strictly contracting. Finally, we introduce an involutive negator in the class of pd-dependent negators. It generates an involutive negation of probability distributions.
The primary goal of the presented research was to investigate how processing post-event information affects memory of details in an event viewed on video. We used two forms of post-event information: ...classic misinformation (changing or implanting new information into memory) and a new form that involves a correct explicit or implicit negation of the existence of an object in the video. We followed the three-step procedure used in studies on the misinformation effect, with a final memory test that was either immediate or delayed by a week and consisted in indicating which objects appeared in the video. We replicated the misinformation effect. More importantly, in the delayed test condition, both explicitly and implicitly negated objects were falsely recalled more often than unmentioned objects. These results indicate that it is possible to induce negation-related false memories; they also show that memory is impaired by negated post-event information or misleading post-event information.
In this paper, two construction methods for fuzzy negations on bounded structures are presented. The first method focuses on lifting a fuzzy negation from a more general subposet to the complete ...lattice, extending the existing research. It provides an effective approach to lift fuzzy negations, even when the top and bottom elements of the subposet differ from those of the complete lattice. The second method explores the generalized ordinal sum of negations on an abelian partially ordered group, achieved by complementing a given fuzzy negation. A sufficient and necessary condition for the generalized ordinal sum, with a familiar fuzzy negation as the complement, to be a fuzzy negation is given. Building upon this, the paper introduces a supplementary fuzzy negation based on the provided family of subintervals, which guarantees that the generalized ordinal sum is still a fuzzy negation.
•The Mixtec languages offer a complex illustration of the ‘Negative Existential Cycle’.•Negative indefinite pronouns may derive from negative existential clauses.•Negative existential indefinites, ...though rare, are found in Mixtec languages.
In Mixtec scholarship one finds hesitant claims that Mixtec standard negators (‘not’) derive from or are related to existential ones (‘there is not’). The data are complex, not least because there are several standard and existential negators. This paper confirms these claims, with reference to current typological theorizing on the “Negative Existential Cycle” and provides as full an account as possible of the effect of this cycle in Mixtec. The study also argues that the Mixtec languages show evidence for introducing a “Negative Existential Indefiniteness Cycle”. This process makes negative indefinite pronouns (like ‘nobody’) out of negative existential constructions (like ‘not exists somebody’), of which each component gets lost at the clausal level and may reappear.
We argue that under the stable model semantics default negation can be read as explicit negation with update. We show that dynamic logic programming which is based on default negation, even in the ...heads, can be interpreted in a variant of updates with explicit negation only. As corollaries, we get an easy description of default negation in generalized and normal logic programming where initially negated literals are updated. These results are discussed with respect to the understanding of negation in logic.
Negation and infinity Trzęsicki, Kazimierz
Studies in logic, grammar and rhetoric : the Journal of University of Bialystok,
06/2018, Volume:
54, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Infinity and negation are in various relations and interdependencies one to another. The analysis of negation and infinity aims to better understanding them. Semantical, syntactical, and pragmatic ...issues will be considered.
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