In addition to presenting a model for political and intellectual culture in the Kaiserreich, anthropology contributed to a reconstruction of German nationalism. In the 1870s, the German ...Anthropological Society persuaded the German states to record the hair, eye, and skin color of over 6 million German schoolchildren to determine the fate of the fair-skinned, blond, blue-eyed “classic Teutons” (classische Erscheinungen des Germanen) described by Tacitus and the origins of the brown-skinned, brown-haired, brown-eyed individuals who had become so preponderant in Germany. The survey produced important anthropological knowledge about the nation, particularly that Germans were a blond, blue-eyed, and white-skinned “race,” which was contrasted to brunet “races,” particularly Jews. Anthropologists thus made their notions of race, which they had developed in studies of non-Europeans, relevant also to European identity. Instead of Humboldt's nation of scholars or Fichte's linguistic notion of Germanness, anthropologists disseminated a biological national identity, one that would have importance for subsequent developments in German history.
Studies in Malnutrition among non-Europeans Gillman, J., Gilman, T., Winifred, M. Mandelstam, J.&Gilbert, C.
South African journal of science,
07/1944, Volume:
41, Issue:
7
Journal Article
Comparative research aiming to explain differences in segregation on national level is highly desirable for public policy in increasingly diverse countries including new immigrant destinations. This ...study explores residential segregation of non-European migrants in Czechia using the individualised scalable neighbourhood method based on anonymised geocoded register data. Czechia is the main immigrant-receiving country in Eastern European post-socialist context. To place our results in a comparative perspective we replicated the methodology of recent comprehensive study of residential segregation in Northwest Europe by ResSegr project. The comparison indicate overall similarity of residential segregation of non-European migrants in selected Northwest European countries (Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden) and in Czechia across spatial scales when measured by index of dissimilarity for individualised neighbourhoods. However, the decomposition to neighbourhood concentration and neighbourhood representation indices challenges this result. Non-European migrants are less concentrated in Czechia at all scales. Lower over-representation and higher under-representation in neighbourhoods in Czechia provide an evidence that large-scale neighbourhoods with a considerable non-European migrant concentration known from other European countries are close to non-existent in Czechia. In the conclusion, we draw implications for neighbourhood research and policy and question the pertinence of the term segregation in European context.
•Residential segregation is explored based on geocoded data and by using the individualised scalable neighbourhood method.•Concentration of non-European migrants in neighbourhoods is lower in Czechia than in Northwest Europe at all scales.•Stronger under-representation and weaker over-representation of migrants in Czech neighbourhoods is evidenced.•The level of segregation is similar, but the migrant-dense neighbourhoods in Northwest Europe lack a counterpart in Czechia.•Spatial distribution of non-European migrants does not lead to the development of pronounced ethnic neighbourhoods in Europe.
This review analyses the current regulatory procedures for plant biostimulants, both at an EU level and beyond the EU, and explores the future regulation of these substances in the EU. Plant ...biostimulants are defined as products that stimulate plant nutritional processes regardless of the product’s nutrient content, with the sole aim of improving one or more of the following characteristics of the plant and the plant rhizosphere or phyllosphere: the efficiency of nutrient use, tolerance to abiotic stresses, crop quality traits, availability of confined nutrients in the soil and rhizosphere, humification and degradation of organic compounds in the soil. This definition is reported in the proposals for new rules to regulate making CE-marked fertiliser products available on the market. This regulation, which includes a plant biostimulants category, will repeal the existing Fertilisers Regulation (EC) No. 2003/2003. This category of compounds is also used in non-European countries. Currently, as there are different market conditions and different national regulation requirements for plant biostimulants in different countries, the non-harmonised regulatory processes can lead to unfair competition between operators. The assessment of plant biostimulants should be harmonised as far as possible, to avoid fragmentation and ensure a level, reliable playing field. It is essential that a common market is created for these substances.
Economic conditions affect the youth labour market and can leave deep scars. This exploratory study examines the emotional responses and mental health symptoms of young graduates during their ...transition into the labour market in the pandemic context. It draws on 42 news articles with statements from 86 graduates from a set of European and non‐European countries. The graduates had jobs or internships cancelled, numerous applications unanswered or were dismissed from jobs they had recently started. Young people adopt a variety of coping strategies, which are often invisible and cause deep suffering due to anxiety, disappointment, fear, and depression. Their apprehension and uncertainty leave them in a state of limbo. The specific impacts of the pandemic on young people's lives serve as a warning of the need to protect future generations of graduates. More support is required worldwide to manage the mental health issues that affect young graduates, especially during economic recessions.
Highlights
Persistent graduates’ labour market employment problems exacerbated by pandemic.
Young graduates’ vulnerability to mental health disorders.
Higher education’s commitment to safeguarding graduates’ health and wellbeing.
Multi‐disciplinary approach to endow graduates with psychological resources.
Emile Durkheim began The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life with an injunction: “In order to identify the simplest and most primitive religion that observation can make known to us, we must first ...define what is properly understood as a religion”. Almost simultaneously, Max Weber would begin the long section on the sociology of religion in his unfinished work Economy and Society by insisting, “To define ‘religion’, to say what it is, is not possible at the start of a presentation such as this. Definition can be attempted, if at all, only at the conclusion of the study” (1978, p. 399). Durkheim’s insistence and Weber’s reticence are equally surprising. By and large, Durkheim’s writings are relatively sparing of definitions. He did not generally bother to define words that were already in common currency. “Religion” is unquestionably the most notable counterexample. On the other hand, Weber was far more scrupulous—one might even say obsessive—about defining terms that were not specifically his own, including “capitalism”, “class”, and “bureaucracy” to select only a few examples. Durkheim’s long disquisition on the definition of “religion” was as radically atypical of his modus operandi as was Weber’s avoidance. The question of religion’s definition provides a fruitful window into their opposing analyses of non-European societies as a means of characterizing European modernity, ways that derive in important respects from early modern depictions of “savages” and “Orientals”.
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