Design thinking is generally defined as an analytic and creative process that engages a person in opportunities to experiment, create and prototype models, gather feedback, and redesign. Several ...characteristics (e.g., visualization, creativity) that a good design thinker should possess have been identified from the literature. The primary purpose of this article is to summarize and synthesize the research on design thinking to (a) better understand its characteristics and processes, as well as the differences between novice and expert design thinkers, and (b) apply the findings from the literature regarding the application of design thinking to our educational system. The authors' overarching goal is to identify the features and characteristics of design thinking and discuss its importance in promoting students' problem-solving skills in the 21st century.
Background
Humanitarian engineering (HE) is rapidly emerging in universities and professional workplaces worldwide. In HE, socio‐technical thinking is fundamental as HE projects exist at the ...intersection of engineering and sustainable community development. However, the literature still lacks an understanding of the key features of socio‐technical thinking.
Purpose/Hypothesis
The purpose of this article is to investigate the key characteristics that distinguish the socio‐technical thinking of an expert from a novice in the context of HE projects.
Design/Method
We distributed the Energy Conversion Playground (ECP) design task to students starting their engineering degree (n = 26) and practitioners (n = 16). We iteratively and inductively analyzed the responses to develop a rubric characterizing the key features of expert socio‐technical thinking. We then scored participants' responses and compared them to identify differences between students and practitioners.
Results
The analysis showed that expert socio‐technical thinkers can provide high‐quality considerations across three domains: technology, people, and broader context. The comparison of the participants' scores showed that both students and practitioners scored highly in the technology domain. In contrast, students scored poorly in the people and broader contexts domains, identifying only simplistic considerations in these non‐technical areas, if at all.
Conclusions
This study provides novel insights into the development of socio‐technical thinking and further validates the ECP as a trustworthy measure of socio‐technical thinking. Implications for engineering educators and multiple lines of future research are also discussed.
Background
Purposive sampling has a long developmental history and there are as many views that it is simple and straightforward as there are about its complexity. The reason for purposive sampling ...is the better matching of the sample to the aims and objectives of the research, thus improving the rigour of the study and trustworthiness of the data and results. Four aspects to this concept have previously been described: credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability.
Aims
The aim of this paper is to outline the nature and intent of purposive sampling, presenting three different case studies as examples of its application in different contexts.
Results
Presenting individual case studies has highlighted how purposive sampling can be integrated into varying contexts dependent on study design. The sampling strategies clearly situate each study in terms of trustworthiness for data collection and analysis. The selected approach to purposive sampling used in each case aligns to the research methodology, aims and objectives, thus addressing each of the aspects of rigour.
Conclusions
Making explicit the approach used for participant sampling provides improved methodological rigour as judged by the four aspects of trustworthiness. The cases presented provide a guide for novice researchers of how rigour may be addressed in qualitative research.
This study is an examination of the evolution of one novice's teacher's informal mentoring network on Twitter. The study followed a novice mathematics teacher over a nine month period as she ...transitioned from student teacher to full-time teacher. The mixed-method study uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the interactions and structure of the mentoring network. Results indicate that the novice teacher's network was used primarily to seek information from other professionals and decreased in size over time. The differences and similarities between Twitter and face-to-face networks as well as areas with potential for further research are also discussed.
•The majority of the alters had expertise in teaching mathematics.•The two primary informal mentors were secondary mathematics teachers.•The closure of the network increased over time increasing the social support.
Variabel Yang Memengaruhi Keberhasilan Wirausaha Pemula Di DIY Ariani, Dorothea Wahyu; Susilo, Yuvensius Sri; Herawan, Jonathan Ersten
Jurnal maksipreneur: manajemen, koperasi, dan entrepreneurship (Online),
12/2023, Volume:
13, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This study aims to conduct a study of novice entrepreneurs in Yogyakarta. This study analyzes the amount of capital, the number of employees, the length of time running the business, the age of the ...entrepreneur, education (graduated from bachelor's degree or high school), and whether the business is a legal entity or not. This study used 335 novice entrepreneurs who filled out a questionnaire followed by in-depth interviews with ten willing novice entrepreneurs. Focus group discussions were also conducted with related sources. The analytical tools used in this research are descriptive analysis and ordinary least squares (OLS). The results showed that the amount of capital and the number of employees affected sales or business income, but the variables of business length, entrepreneurial age, and level of education had no significant effect on sales or business income. In general, the results of this study indicate that there are still various problems in running a business, especially regarding the problem of product marketing and social capital owned by novice entrepreneurs in Yogyakarta.
This study investigates novice teachers' perceptions of the teaching community in Korea, and how its context shapes their participation in schools. Interviews were conducted with four primary school ...teachers who were in their first three years in the profession. The analysis revealed that schools neglected to create an environment conducive to the professional development of novice teachers by maintaining a power structure that favours senior teachers over educational values. Furthermore, the age-based inequality challenged the novice teachers’ autonomy, and forced them to remain passive and silent. Facilitating their voice is key to promoting constructive change in the community.
•The study examines how the teacher community is perceived by novice teachers in Korea.•The novice teachers adopted silence and passivity as they participated in the community of practice.•Their workplace learning was greatly affected by the entrenched practices favouring senior teachers.•It is important to consider hidden power structure that can contribute to novice teachers' reality shock.
Novice-expert interaction plays an important role in teacher professional development for Chinese vocational education and training (VET). Both Chinese and international research shows that ...expert-teachers' support is associated with the improvement of novice-teachers' teaching. However, insights into how exactly novice teachers learn with the help of expert teachers are lacking. The learning processes of four novice VET teachers were explored in the context of a professional development project. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews with novice teachers and recordings of novice-expert interactions. A learning model was constructed based on the interconnected model of professional growth. The results showed that novice teachers internalised comments from expert teachers by active reflection and practice. Moreover, this study suggests that teachers' professional development is a complicated long-term process, and that during their development the support from expert teachers is an important external source for novice-teachers. Expert-teachers' support not only provides feedback and suggestions for alternative teaching methods, but also encourages and maintains novice-teachers' learning. The results are discussed in relation to the cultural (Chinese) and educational context (VET)
•Ambulance professionals often encounter situations where uncertainty is inevitable.•Uncertainty is enhanced in situations craving rapid decisions or actions.•Uncertainty can decrease by using ...systematic reflection in and on practice.•Continuous reflection and training to cope with uncertainty when in practice, may increase tolerance of uncertainty.•Preparing novice nurses to cope with uncertainty is valuable for their development.
In emergency nursing situations, uncertainty may lead to delays, or block a decision which can have devastating consequences for a patient. The ambulance service is a complex clinical environment that often challenges the decision-making capabilities of the professionals, especially novice nurses. Novice nurses’ uncertainty may also lead to unhealthy transitions and turnover. To increase the understanding of how uncertainty affects novice nurses, this study explores novice nurses’ uncertainty during the first year of professional practice in the ambulance service.
A qualitative descriptive design was applied using qualitative content analysis of thirteen individual face-to-face semi-structured deep interviews.
From nine subcategories, three generic categories were derived: Reflections on contextual understanding, Strategies to create control, and Actions to take control. These were combined to form the main category Understanding what and dealing with how, while becoming a confident professional.
Uncertainty is exacerbated by situations that demand rapid decisions or actions. This is especially true of newcomers to a profession. Preparing novices through study programs and encouraging continuous reflection in professional practice may increase resilience and tolerance of uncertainty, as well as benefiting professional development.
•Snapchat while driving was prevalent social media behaviour in focus groups.•Legal sanctions had little impact on Snapchat while driving.•Not being caught predicts the use of Snapchat while ...driving.•Belief of safely being able to use Snapchat while driving predicts the behaviour.
This research utilised a qualitative and quantitative study to examine a sample of young drivers’ perceptions of deterrent forces, both legal and non-legal, for the behaviour of phone use while driving. First, focus groups were conducted with 60 drivers between the ages of 17 and 25 years who resided in Queensland, Australia. This qualitative study utilised an inductive approach to elicit participants’ perceptions without omitting important ideas. Legal sanctions were associated with low perceptions of enforcement certainty. Meanwhile, the only non-legal sanction to emerge was the concept of “safety”; many participants were deterred from using their phone while driving for fear of injury or death to themselves or others. The types of social media most likely to be engaged in were explored and sending videos or photos via the application Snapchat emerged as the most common social media application used among the sample. Consequently, the subsequent quantitative study focused on deterrent forces associated with Snapchat use while driving. A survey was utilised with a separate sample of young drivers aged 17–25 years (n = 503). The impact of the threat of legal sanctions on Snapchat use while driving was examined through classical deterrence theory and Stafford and Warr’s (1993) reconceptualised deterrence theory. The non-legal factor of perceived safety was also included in the quantitative study. None of the classical deterrence variables (e.g., certainty, severity and swiftness) reached significance while all the reconceptualised deterrence variables (e.g., direct and indirect punishment and punishment avoidance), as well as perceived safety, were significant predictors of Snapchat use while driving. It is suggested that perceptions of certainty of apprehension need to be increased for phone use while driving. The findings show the current impact of deterrent initiatives for phone use while driving as well as provide the first examination of deterrents for the specific mobile phone behaviour of Snapchat use while driving.
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