In this article, we aimed to assess the efficacy of adjunctive administration of nutritional supplements to antidepressants by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis. The supplements included ...were inositol, vitamin D, folic acid, vitamin B12, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe), omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and zinc.
A structured database search (MEDLINE, EBSCO, CENTRAL, Web of Science) was performed using terms for the respective substances in conjunction with terms for depression and the mode of treatment (“add-on” OR "adjunctive" OR "augmentation"). Meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized comparative studies that investigated the supplements as an add-on in the treatment of clinically diagnosed MDD were included. Agents had to be added to an existing antidepressant regime (augmentation) or started simultaneously with the antidepressant (acceleration). For n-3 PUFAs, folic acid and zinc, new meta-analyses were performed as part of this work. Our meta-analyses of 10 articles on n-3 PUFAs and four on zinc support their efficacy. For folic acid, our meta-analysis does not support efficacy. For n-3 PUFAs, sensitivity analysis showed no difference between acceleration and augmentation designs, but significant differences between individuals with or without comorbidities. For the remaining substances, only a few RCTs were available. The preliminary data on inositol was negative, while one RCT for vitamin D demonstrated positive results. For vitamin B12 one and for SAMe two RCTs and a few open trials are available reporting positive and mixed results. To summarize, for most of the substances, the available data is not yet sufficient or inconclusive.
Honey Bee Nutrition Tsuruda, Jennifer M.; Chakrabarti, Priyadarshini; Sagili, Ramesh R.
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice,
November 2021, Volume:
37, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Optimal nutrition is crucial for honey bee colony growth and robust immune systems. Honey bee nutrition is complex and depends on the floral composition of the landscape. Foraging behavior of honey ...bees depends on both colony environment and external environment. There are significant gaps in knowledge regarding honey bee nutrition, and hence no optimal diet is available for honey bees, as there is for other livestock. In this review, we discuss (1) foraging behavior of honey bees, (2) nutritional needs, (3) nutritional supplements used by beekeepers, (4) probiotics, and (5) supplemental forage and efforts integrating floral diversity into cropping systems.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifaceted disorder that ranges from simple fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with or without fibrosis, which may evolve toward ...cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is currently considered a “global” and “epidemic” disease, whose prevalence is progressively increasing even in pediatric age. The incidence of NAFLD is very high in overweight/obese children, and a greater risk of disease progression is associated with severe obesity, highlighting the role of nutrition. To date, for NAFLD, there are few guidelines for diagnostic and follow-up methods, and scarce validated protocols for treatment. The initial indications consist of gradual weight loss and regular exercise, but in children, the difficulty of adhering to long-term behavioral changes makes this approach limited. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the mechanism underlying the pathogenic mechanisms that lead to NAFLD in children, with a major focus on the role of nutrition. Because this is particularly relevant in light of the absence of pharmacological treatments suitable for children, we also overview clinical studies on the potential effects of nutritional supplementations, including vitamins, docosahexaenoic acid, and probiotics.in children. To this aim, updated search was conducted on PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov databases. Future research should consider additional clinical studies in pediatric NAFLD patients to validate the benefits of dietary supplements and to define the appropriate dosage and duration for intervention. Furthermore, experimental studies with -omics approaches could be helpful to deepen the related mechanisms and to search for a possible optimal supplement combination against NAFLD in children.
The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic benefits of diabetes-specific formulas (DSF) high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) with standard formulas (STDF) in adult patients with type 1, ...type 2 diabetes or stress-induced hyperglycaemia.
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted through a literature search using different electronic databases from the index date to December 2018. We included randomised controlled trials that assessed the health benefits of high MUFA DSF vs STDF. Included outcomes were glycaemic control, lipid metabolism and tolerance. Effect sizes were calculated as standardised mean differences (SMDs) (<0.4 were considered small, 0.4–0.7 moderate and >0.7 large). This systematic review was registered as CRD42018108931 on Prospero.
Of 385 references reviewed, 18 studies involving 845 adults met our inclusion criteria and contributed to the meta-analysis. Use of a high MUFA DSF compared with a STDF was associated with a statistically significant decrease in peak of postprandial glucose SMD −1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) −2.44 to −0.61, incremental glucose response (SMD −1.19, 95% CI −1.71 to −0.68), area under the curve of plasma insulin (SMD −0.65, 95% CI −1.03 to −0.26), mean blood glucose level (SMD −0.41, 95% CI −0.63 to −0.19), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) change (SMD −0.63, 95% CI −1.21 to −0.05), glucose variability (SMD −0.93, −1.55 to −0.31), mean administered insulin dose (SMD −0.49, 95% CI −0.85 to −0.14), mean blood triglycerides (SMD −0.34, 95% CI −0.65 to −0.03) and increase of mean blood high-density lipoproteins (SMD +0.42, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.76). Non-significant differences were found for tolerance odds ratio (OR) 0.95, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.05.
This meta-analysis shows that a DSF (oral supplements and tube feeds) high in MUFAs can improve glucose control and metabolic risk factors among patients with diabetes or stress-induced hyperglycaemia compared with a STDF.
Feeding effects are crucial for evaluating the capacity of zooplankton to regulate phytoplankton populations within freshwater ecosystems. To examine the impact of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria ...Raphidiopsis raciborskii , which occurs in tropical and subtropical freshwaters, on the growth of zooplankton Daphnia in relation to toxins, filament length and fatty acid content, we fed D. magna with R. raciborskii only (cylindrospermopsin (CYN)-producing and non-CYN-producing, as the negative controls), Chlorella pyrenoidosa only (as the positive control) and a mixed diet containing R. raciborskii (CYN-producing and non-CYN-producing) and C. pyrenoidosa . Consequently, our findings revealed that the toxic effect of CYN-producing R. raciborskii strains on Daphnia was mitigated by the coexistence of C. pyrenoidosa containing stearidonic acid (SDA, C18:4 ω3) in mixed diets. This was evident in the elevated survival rate compared that from diets containing only R. raciborskii and a significantly higher reproduction and population intrinsic increase rate compared to diets consisting of only R. raciborskii or C. pyrenoidos . Additionally, a strong positive correlation was observed between arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4ω6) and the population intrinsic increase rate of Daphnia ; notably, R. raciborskii strains were found to be rich in the ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ARA. These outcomes reinforce the crucial role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in predicting the population increase of crustacean zooplankton, which has long been neglected. Furthermore, our results underscore the potential effectiveness of zooplankton, particularly in temperate lakes, in controlling CYN-producing R. raciborskii populations.
Resumen Introducción: son escasos los trabajos que ofrecen una solución práctica a los requerimientos nutricionales del baloncesto actual. Este trabajo ofrece una propuesta teórico-práctica, basada ...en una revisión de la literatura de los últimos años. Objetivos: analizar la fatiga que produce un partido de baloncesto y ofrecer una solución práctica para acelerar la recuperación por medio de la alimentación. Métodos: búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos PubMed de revisiones bibliográficas de los últimos 15 años y artículos originales de los últimos 5 años. Resultados: el tipo de nutriente y los suplementos alimenticios, así como la cantidad y el momento de su ingesta, son variables fundamentales para acelerar la recuperación. Conclusiones: la alimentación antes, durante y después de un partido o de una sesión de entrenamiento exigente es fundamental para la rápida recuperación del jugador.
Abstract The transport and accumulation of orally administered functional food-derived peptides in the brain was not fully explored. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to provide critical evidence ...regarding brain accumulation of a memory-improving soy dipeptide, Tyr-Pro, following oral administration. Stable isotope-labeled Tyr-Pro (Tyr- 13 C 5 , 15 NPro) was orally administered to male ICR mice at 10 or 100 mg/kg. Surprisingly, the intact labeled Tyr-Pro exhibited maximal plasma and brain levels 15 min after administration (plasma: area under the curve AUC 0–120 min , 1331 ± 267 pmol·min/mL-plasma; brain: AUC 0–120 min of 0.34 ± 0.11 pmol·min/mg-dry brain, at 10 mg/kg). In addition, we detected labeled Tyr-Pro in the brain parenchyma, indicating a validated blood–brain-barrier (BBB) transportability. Moreover, we confirmed the preferable accumulation of Tyr-Pro in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cortex with > 0.02 pmol/mg-tissue. In conclusion, we provided the first evidence that orally administered Tyr-Pro at 10 mg/kg directly entered the blood circulation with an absorption ratio of 0.15%, of which 2.5% of Tyr-Pro was transported from the plasma to the mouse brain parenchyma.
Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are commonly used to treat malnutrition. Many patients are prescribed ONS without assessment of nutritional status. This conflicts with prescribing guidelines and ...has considerable cost implications. This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of interventions to improve appropriate ONS prescribing in primary care.
A systematic scoping review was undertaken. PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched from inception to September 2018. Studies meeting inclusion criteria had to: evaluate interventions targeting ONS prescribing in primary care; use a comparative evaluation; be published in English. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and extracted data relating to study design, intervention characteristics, outcome assessments and key findings. Extracted data were collated using figures, tables and accompanying descriptive summaries.
10 studies met inclusion criteria. All studies involved uncontrolled before-and-after designs. Interventions ranged from dietitian-led reviews of patients prescribed ONS to transfer of ONS prescribing privileges from general practitioners to dietitians. Post-intervention results showed improvements in ONS prescribing based on study-specific assessments of prescribing appropriateness and absolute reductions in prescribing, as well as potential cost-savings.
This review provides a detailed overview of interventions aimed at improving appropriate ONS prescribing in primary care. Interventions evaluated to date most commonly involved dietitians. However, use of controlled experimental design was lacking. Lack of consistency in defining appropriate ONS prescribing and assessment outcomes was apparent. Future research should attend to rigour during intervention development, evaluation and reporting in order to generate findings which could inform relevant policy and practice.
With an increase in life expectancy and decrease of quality-of-life couple with the high prevalence of diseases, diet is expected to play a key function in sustaining human health. Nutritionists, ...food technologists and medical experts are working in synergy to cater for the increasing demand of food with associated therapeutic benefits, commonly known as functional food, that may improve well-being and reduce the risk of diseases. Interestingly, the marine ecosystem, due to its abundant and phenomenal biodiversity of marine organisms, constitutes a vital source of a panoply of healthy foods supply for the thriving functional food industry. Marine organisms such as seaweeds, sea cucumbers, sponges, and mollusks amongst others are sources of thousands of biologically active metabolites with antioxidant, anti-parasitic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Given the growing number of research and interest to probe into the therapeutic roles of marine products, this review was designed to provide a comprehensive summary of the therapeutic properties of marine organisms (macroalgae, sea cucumbers and fish among others) which are consumed worldwide, in addition to their potentials and as sources of functional ingredients for developing novel food and fostering wellness. The gap between research development and actual commercialization, and future prospects of marine-based products also summarized to some extent.
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