Background/Aims: Aspiration pneumonia is a common cause of death among the elderly (≥90-year-old) in nursing homes. Studies suggest that its incidence could be reduced by oral care interventions. We ...aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a new oral care intervention: wiping plus oral nutritional supplements (ONS). Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in 252 patients (age 88.0 ± 6.5 years) in 75 nursing homes, rehabilitation hospitals, and other care facilities. Patients were randomly divided into an intervention group (n = 74) and a control group (n = 107), whose members received conventional oral care. Body mass index, activities of daily living (Barthel index), and complete blood count and biochemistry parameters were measured at 2, 4, 6, and 8 months. Results: The cumulative incidence of pneumonia at 8 months tended to be lower in the intervention than in the control group (7.8 vs. 17.7%, p = 0.056) and was significantly lower for men in the intervention group (p = 0.046). Conclusions: Our new intervention “wiping plus providing ONS” method appears to help prevent aspiration pneumonia, thereby reducing mortality risk. In this study, we disseminate information on how this method is used in Japan.
Background and Objectives: To determine the effect of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) on children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia undergoing remission-induction chemotherapy.
Methods and Study ...Design: We included 127 paediatric patients who were diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and undergoing remission- induction chemotherapy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Children from two paediatric wards who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. One ward was randomly chosen as the intervention group and the other ward as the control group. Children in the two groups were matched for age and sex. The ONS group was administered Peptamen (n=60) and the control group was administered a low-fat diet (n=67).
Results: The baseline information before treatment was not significantly different between groups (p > 0.05). In the control group, weight loss at the end of chemotherapy was significantly higher than that of ONS group (p < 0.05). The hemoglobin level and the concentrations of total protein, albumin, and pre-albumin were significantly higher in the ONS group than in the control group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The incidences of hypoalbuminaemia, gastrointestinal complications, and infection were lower in the ONS group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The ONS group also used lower amount of albumin infusion, fewer blood-product infusion, and had lower hospital costs than the control group.
Conclusions: During remission-induction chemotherapy, oral nutritional supplements can improve the nutritional status of children, reduce the incidence of complications, and decrease the costs of hospitalization.
Powders or liquids, which have in their composition nutrients (macro and micro) and/or other edible substances, which are consumed in defined quantities, in addition to the usual dietary intake. The ...categories of nutritional supplements produced and approved by order 282 of the Ministry of Health can be found in the table no. 1, either they are produced in the country or imported and can be marketed for human consumption only after they have been endorsed by the MSF "ensuring the protection of the population’s health by selling products that meet the characteristics of their quality and safety on the market." Vitamins and mineral elements, pure protein or in the form of protein concentrates, protein isolates and protein hydrolysates, amino acids, and mixtures thereof, aliment food oils considered dietary (for example: germ oils of cereal seeds, fish liver oils,) and essential polyunsaturated acids.
Nutritional management for Alzheimer’s disease in all stages: mild, moderate, and severe Pivi, Glaucia Akiko Kamikado; Vieira, Neusa Maria de Andrade; da Ponte, Jaqueline Botelho ...
Nutrire : revista de Sociedade Brasileira de Alimentação e Nutrição = journal of the Brazilian Society of Food and Nutrition,
12/2017, Volume:
42, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Alzheimer’s disease corresponds to 50–70% of all dementia syndromes, classified as a progressive neurodegenerative disease showing diffuse cortical atrophy with three stages of evolution: mild, ...moderate, and severe. Behavioral symptoms and memory loss are major manifestations of the disease. Non-pharmacological interventions are essential to improve the quality of life of these patients. Interdisciplinary assistance is essential throughout the disease course. Regarding nutrition for patients with Alzheimer’s disease, weight loss and behavioral changes related to food are major objects of scientific study, as they trigger deterioration of the quality of life of patients and caregivers. Knowing which nutritional guidelines should be used helps in clinical decisions. The study of nutrition in dementia is, therefore, critical for patient management.
Several recent studies have shown evidence of some nutritional supplements containing prohibited anabolic androgenic steroids, so-called prohormones, which were not declared on the label. Therefore, ...a broad-based investigation of the international nutritional supplement market was initiated to clarify the extent of this problem. From October 2000 until November 2001, 634 non-hormonal nutritional supplements were purchased in 13 countries from 215 different suppliers. Most supplements were bought in shops in the respective countries (578 samples = 91.2 %) and on the internet (52 samples = 8.2 %). 289 supplements were from prohormone-selling companies and 345 supplements came from companies which do not offer prohormones. After isolation from the supplement matrix 11 different anabolic androgenic steroids, mainly prohormones of testosterone and nandrolone, were analysed by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. Out of the 634 samples analysed 94 (14.8 %) contained anabolic androgenic steroids not declared on the label ("positive supplements"). We could not obtain reliable data for 66 samples (10.4 %) due to matrix effects. In relation to the total number of products purchased per country, most of the positive supplements were bought in the Netherlands (25.8 %), in Austria (22.7 %), in the UK (18.8 %) and the USA (18.8 %). According to the label, all positive supplements were from companies located in only five countries: the USA, the Netherlands, the UK, Italy and Germany. 21.1 % of the nutritional supplements from prohormone-selling companies contained anabolic androgenic steroids, whereas 9.6 % of the supplements from companies not selling prohormones were positive. The positive supplements showed anabolic androgenic steroid concentrations of 0.01 micro g/g up to 190 micro g/g. The administration of supplements containing nandrolone prohormones adding up to a total uptake of more than 1 micro g resulted in positive doping results for norandrosterone for several hours.
Abstract Objective Hypovitaminosis C and D are highly prevalent in acutely hospitalized patients, but the clinical significance of these biochemical abnormalities is not known. Because deficiencies ...of vitamin C and D have been linked to psychologic abnormalities, vitamin C or D provision could improve the mood state of acutely hospitalized patients. Methods Double-blind clinical trial of the effect of vitamin C (500 mg twice daily) or vitamin D (1000 IU twice daily) on mood, as assessed with a validated instrument, the Profile of Mood States. Results Vitamin C therapy increased plasma ( P < 0.0001) and mononuclear leukocyte ( P = 0.014) vitamin C concentrations and was associated with a 34% reduction in mood disturbance ( P = 0.013). Vitamin D therapy increased plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations ( P = 0.0004), but had no significant effect on mood. Conclusions Treatment of hypovitaminosis C improves the mood state of acutely hospitalized patients.
The aim of the study was to assess preferences and attitudes toward the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs among residents of Bialystok aged 60 or older.
The study included 170 people, inhabitants ...of Bialystok aged over 60: 85 students of the University of a Healthy Senior and the University of Psychogeriatric Prophylaxis, and 85 students of the University of the Third Age in Bialystok. The study made use of a diagnostic survey conducted via a questionnaire prepared by the authors.
The vast majority of respondents bought OTC drugs for own use. About one-third of the respondents from each analyzed group bought OTC drugs less often than once every 3 months. Over half of the respondents bought OTC drugs due to a cold. A majority of the respondents were of the opinion that OTC drugs should be sold only in pharmacies. Over 40% of seniors took 1 OTC drug regularly. Most respondents also took vitamins and supplements. The main sources of information on OTC drugs for the studied seniors were their doctor and pharmacist. Respondents did not always consult the treatment method with a doctor or pharmacist. Over half of the respondents familiarized themselves with the contents of the OTC drug package leaflet. Over three-quarters of the respondents were familiar with drug disposal methods; however, despite declarations of being familiar with these principles, a significant percentage did not bring back medication to a pharmacy or clinic, or threw the drugs into the trash.
Our study found that in our sample there were many OTC drug consumers who did not always demonstrate responsible attitudes toward using this group of drugs. Thus, older people should be educated on the possible adverse effects of taking OTC drugs without consulting a doctor or pharmacist as well as basic drug disposal principles. Furthermore, legislation should be introduced that will limit the wide availability of OTC drugs, particularly to the elderly; and thus, lower the costs of hospitalization and outpatient treatment of this age group. Also, a wider-reaching study should be conducted. It should include a larger group of elderly people as well as information on intake of prescribed medications in order to be able to determine the frequency of drug consumption in this population, as well as seniors' preferences and attitudes in this regard.
Creatine (Cr), one of the most popular nutritional supplements among athletes, has been recently shown to prevent the cytotoxicity caused by different oxidative stressors in various mammalian cell ...lines, including C2C12 myoblasts, via a direct antioxidant activity. Here, the effect of Cr on the differentiating capacity of C2C12 cells exposed to H2O2 has been investigated. Differentiation into myotubes was monitored using morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular techniques. Treatment with H2O2 (1 h) not only caused a significant (30%) loss of cell viability, but also abrogated the myogenic ability of surviving C2C12. Cr‐supplementation (24 h prior to H2O2 treatment) was found to prevent these effects. Interestingly, H2O2‐challenged cells preconditioned with the established antioxidants trolox or N‐acetyl‐cysteine, although cytoprotected, did not display the same differentiating ability characterizing oxidatively‐injured, Cr‐supplemented cells. Besides acting as an antioxidant, Cr increased the level of muscle regulatory factors and IGF1 (an effect partly refractory to oxidative stress), the cellular availability of phosphocreatine and seemed to exert some mitochondrially‐targeted protective activity. It is concluded that Cr preserves the myogenic ability of oxidatively injured C2C12 via a pleiotropic mechanism involving not only its antioxidant capacity, but also the contribution to cell energy charge and effects at the transcriptional level which common bona fide antioxidants lack.
A certified reference material (CRM) for the analysis of inorganic nutrients in nutritional supplements has been developed. Accurate mass fractions of chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc ...(Zn) were determined by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID ICP/MS). The measurement results were used to assign certified values for the CRM, which were metrologically traceable to the definitions of the measurement units in the International System of Units (SI). Production of a candidate reference material (RM) and the certification processes are summarized. Each nutrient in the CRM showed good homogeneity, which was estimated using relative standard deviations of the measurement results of twelve bottles in a batch. This CRM is expected to be an important reference to improve reliability and comparability of nutrient analy- ses in nutritional supplements and related samples in analytical laboratories. KCI Citation Count: 0
Sarcopenia represents the decline in skeletal muscle mass and function with age, characterized by the muscle fiber's quality, strength, muscle endurance, and metabolic ability decreasing, as well as ...the fat and connective tissue growing.Reduction of muscle strength with aging leads to loss of functional capacity, causing disability, mortality, and other adverse health outcomes. Because of the increase of the proportion of elderly in the population, sarcopenia-related morbidity will become an increasing area of health care resource utilization.Diagnostic screening consists of individuation of body composition, assessed by DEXA, anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance, MRI, or CT scan. Management is possible with resistance training exercise and vibration therapy, nutritional supplements, and pharmacological treatment.The book includes articles from different nationalities, treating the experimental and medical applications of sarcopenia. The consequences of sarcopenia in frailty are treated in relation to other associated pathologies or lesions, as femoral neck fractures and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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