Due to their uncontrolled use, plastics has become an environmental concern, not only for their varying dimension but also for the potential release of substances such as phthalates (PAEs) and ...non-phthalates (NPPs) into the water. Phthalates are the most common plasticizers of concern, but non-phthalate plasticizers such as di (2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT) have also been lately found in the marine environment. Mytilus galloprovincialis is a well-known bioindicator of aquatic environments due to its ability to accumulate a wide variety of xenobiotics, including plasticizers. Hence, aim of this study was to evaluate the potential bioaccumulation and effects of the NPP DEHT on M. galloprovincialis. To this purpose, following exposure to DEHT at 1 mg/l (DEHT1) and 100 mg/l (DEHT100), its accumulation in tissues and its effects on total lipids and fatty acid (FA) composition, protein content, cell viability, ability to recover volume and changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress were assessed. Mussels were able to bioaccumulate DEHT in their tissues, with a statistically significant increase compared to the control organisms. Differences in FA composition were observed after exposure, since C16:0, C18:0, C20:5ω-3 and C22:6ω-3 were significantly decreased from control to exposed groups. As a result, total SFA, MUFA and PUFA were affected in DEHT-exposed groups. Also, total protein varied following DEHT exposure, and significantly decreased in the DEHT100-group. Considering the physiological responses, both DEHT-exposed groups lost their ability to return to the original volume of digestive gland (DG) cells. On the other hand, oxidative biomarkers in the gills and DG were not significantly affected by the DEHT exposure. Overall, this study showed for the first time that DEHT exposure differentially affect mussels, in their lipid and protein metabolism, as well as cellular parameters.
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•Plastics release plasticizers potentially harmful for the environmental health.•The plasticizer DEHT increasingly contaminates aquatic environments.•Mytilus galloprovincialis bioaccumulates DEHT in its tissues.•DEHT affects lipid and protein metabolism of exposed mussels.•DEHT impairs physiological parameters of exposed mussels.
Enzymatic browning because of polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) contributes to the color quality of fruit and vegetable (FV) products. Physical and chemical methods have been developed to inhibit the ...activity of PPOs, and several synthetic chemical compounds are commonly being used as PPO inhibitors in FV products. Recently, there has been an emphasis on consumer-oriented innovations in the food industry. Consumers tend to urge the use of natural and environment-friendly PPO inhibitors. The purpose of this review is to summarize the mechanisms underlying the anti-browning action of chemical PPO inhibitors and current trends in the research on these inhibitors. Based on their mechanisms of action, chemical inhibitors can be categorized as antioxidants, reducing agents, chelating agents, acidulants, and/or mixed-type PPO inhibitors. Here, we focused on the food ingredients, dietary components, food by-products, and waste associated with anti-browning activity.
Bee bread is a product of the fermentation of a mixture of pollen, nectar and bee saliva that is inoculated by a wide range of bacteria and yeasts necessary for fermentation after storage in comb ...cells. Bee bread is regarded as the chief protein resource that bees can utilize, especially for feeding of larvae and adults. Since ancient times, bee bread has been used in different cultures for several nutritional and therapeutic purposes.
In this review, we attempt to highlight the possible biological activities, chemical components, methods of isolation and structure of bee bread in addition to its food supplement value and/or medical applications.
Bee bread has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiradical, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. The basic chemical components of bee bread include carbohydrates, proteins and vitamins, as well as minerals, fatty acids and other substances such as enzymes, natural antibiotics, antioxidants and hormones. Bee bread is considered to be a beneficial food supplement. In recent years, there has been significant interest in the use of bee bread to treat many illnesses.
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•Chemical composition of bee bread varies according to plant sources, season, geographic and soil type.•Bee bread has potential activities as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective.•Modern applications of bee bread including; food supplementary and medical applications.•Dietary value of bee bread.
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•Edible lichens have been used as ethnic food in different societies.•Lichens contain enormous secondary metabolites.•Active substances from lichens possess multiple health ...benefits.•Lichens could provide new options for R & D of novel functional foods.
Lichens have been concerned by many researchers because of their unique secondary metabolites. However, the research on edible lichens is still lacking. This review collected the applications of lichens in food, analyzed the nutritional values and edible values of lichens, and summarized the potential health benefits of lichens. These may provide new options for the development and research of novel functional foods and/or drugs. The literature on lichens all came from library databases and electronic retrieval systems, including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and CNKI. Lichens have been proven to have theoretically rich nutritional value, and their extracts and active substances have also been shown to have multiple health benefits including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-diabetes. However, the bioavailability of nutrients derived from lichens, the mechanism of action of their bioactive substances is still unclear. These may be the future directions of lichen research.
Khasi Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) is a unique fruit usually cultivated in high terrains regions of North-East India. They are different from ordinary orange in terms of its biochemical content ...(limonin, secondary metabolites), pharmacological activities, and physicochemical appearance (bright orange in color, hard peel, sweet aromatic juice). It has high nutritional values (NV) by enriching beta carotene as powerful antioxidant for scavenging free radicals, magnesium for blood pressure regulation, potassium for healthy cardio vascular functions, thiamin for energy conversion from food and vitamin C as immune enhancer. Despite its NV, limonin an aglycones and glycosides are largely available in Khasi Mandarin. Presence of this compound in Khasi Mandarin display numerous pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-virus, liver protection and pesticidal. In this review, we discussed not only about the morphological aspects but detailed focused has been given on the nutritional value of Khasi mandarin, post-harvest disease and its management, metabolism and bioactive functions of the limonin as therapeutic applications.
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•Acacia plants in Africa, America, and Asia have long been overlooked food sources.•This review has comprehensively inventoried them and identified some delicacies.•Their food uses ...are manifestly in the continuum of their medicinal applications.•The newly refined segregate or genus Senegalia reveals promising edible seeds.•Concerted research is needed to leverage the food potential of Acacia edible products.
Acacia s.l. is a newly revised genus whose plant species are quintessential in the pantropical, arid, and hunger-prone areas. They provide multiple ecosystem services and a range of edible products for humans. Their food uses are manifestly in the continuum of their medicinal applications, mirroring candidate materials to develop novel healthy food products. Yet, edible Acacia plant products have been overlooked, underresearched, and poorly disseminated for a very long time. This review inventories comprehensively edible products from native Acacia plants in Africa, America, and Asia, critically discusses their food potential for humans, identifies research gaps, and provides bases for further research. Interestingly, the seeds from Senegalia, the second-largest and refined Acacia segregate, appear to be the most promising food materials and are consequently highlighted.
Abstract
Introduction
Shelterbelts, which provide protection for livestock and crops against severe weather conditions, have been recognised as important contributors to increased crop yields. Soil ...microorganisms play important roles in nutrient cycling, soil health and plant performance, thereby exerting significant influence on ecological services in terrestrial ecosystems. However, impacts of shelterbelts on soil microbial communities in pasture ecosystems remain poorly studied.
Materials and Methods
Here, we assessed the effect of shelterbelts (composed of
Eucalyptus
and native shrubs) on the pasture and nutrient productivity as well as soil bacterial and fungal communities at four distances from the shelterbelts with two different heights in two fields during spring and summer by applying amplicon sequencing, physicochemical and nutritional value analyses.
Results
The results showed that the shelterbelt height, distances from shelterbelts, seasons and their interactive effects substantially affected pasture yield, neutral detergent fibre, metabolisable energy and crude protein yields, but did not increase the pasture productivity in the rows adjacent to the shelterbelts. We also identified that the alpha diversity of bacteria and fungi did not significantly change across distances from the shelterbelts in both fields, but the community structure of soil bacteria and fungi was significantly influenced by distances from the shelterbelts. Interestingly, soil calcium (Ca) and shelterbelts were identified as top predictors of fungal community while soil pH and Ca was key drivers of bacterial community.
Conclusion
Our study provides novel knowledge in the impact of shelterbelts on pasture and nutritional production and soil microbial communities, which contributes to appropriate application and strategic management of the windbreak systems in agriculture production.
Lilium brownii var. viridulum Baker is an economically important plant, and its bulbs are popular among consumers for their high nutritional value. Due to the influence of environment, the chemical ...composition of lily from different origin is different, which leads to the different medicinal and nutritional values. Thus, it is very significant and necessary to discriminate the origins of lily. In this study, lipid classes and molecular species of lily samples from eight origins were identified and quantified by UHPLC-QE-Orbitrap/MS/MS and combined with chemometrics for modeling and analysis. The results showed that a total of 16 lipid classes and 88 lipid molecules were identified and quantified. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that there were significant differences in lipid metabolites between LH (Daodi) and other origins. And 39 characteristic compounds such as TAG 16:0/18:0/18:2, TAG 18:0/18:1/18:2, and LDGCC 15:2 could be used as the markers to identify the geographical origin of lily. This study established a new method to identify the origin traceability of lily in different production areas, and provided a theoretical basis to evaluate the nutritional value of lilies from different origins.
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•PI and PE are the main phospholipid components in lilii bulbus.•Lipid metabolomics can distinguish the geographical origin of lilii bulbus.•Thirty-nine characteristic components (VIP greater than 1) were obtained.•TAG compounds are the characteristic compounds to distinguish lilii bulbus origins.
Sustainability concerns associated with protein sources and currently used fishmeal and plant‐based meal have necessitated the quests for novel sustainable ingredients for use in aquafeeds. Yeasts ...have been proposed as sustainable ingredients particularly because of their potential to valorise non‐food lignocellulosic biomass into valuable protein resources. Prior to now, extensive studies exist on the role of yeast cell wall components in modulating health responses of fish. However, research on its use as a major protein source in fish diets is still in its infancy. The current review collates, synthesises and discusses the prospects of five major yeast species as future protein ingredients with respect to their nutritional adequacy in fish. Nutritional quality of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Blastobotrys adeninivorans and Wickerhamomyces anomalus and their use as replacement for fishmeal and soy protein in the diets of Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout are discussed based on three protein quality indices: chemical score, essential amino acid index and ideal protein concept based on the first limiting amino acids, methionine. The crude protein contents of yeast (40–55%) are lower than that of fishmeal, but comparable with soya bean meal. Compared to fishmeal, the different yeast species have favourable amino acid profiles, except for methionine, lysine, arginine and phenylalanine which are the frequently limiting essential amino acids in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. This review also presents future area of research and emphasise the need for large‐scale production of yeast at competitive price to constitute a feasible replacement for fishmeal and soy protein in aquaculture.
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