Documentation management is a crucial component of successful business-related projects, but it often involves significant effort in terms of time and cost. Initializing, writing, and revising ...project documents can be a monotonous and fragmented task, especially during rapid project development. However, the context among most project documentation and business administration is highly interconnected. Based on the relationships among project documentation, especially for multimedia projects, this study uses the concept of section-orientation and presents a cooperative mechanism that uses object technology to clarify project documentation and its context. This study also introduces a prototype object-based functional project documentation system and illustrates the mechanism through two case studies and data analysis. The purpose of this study is to present a definite expression of this context in functional project documents. The results are practically applicable for managing multimedia project documentation.
32 and 16 Years Ago
Computer (Long Beach, Calif.),
2011-Oct., 2011-10-00, 20111001, Volume:
44, Issue:
10
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Function points provide useful metrics on two key components of software quality: measuring defect potentials and calculating defect removal efficiency levels.
Change is inevitable during product development lifecycle. When changes occur, all the affected items must be handled in order to maintain the consistency and integrity of the product. Thus, ...Engineering change (EC) has been a non-negligible issue for enterprises. We propose an object-based and attribute-oriented concept in this paper. Specifically, this paper objectifies a structure of a variant product design and characterizes the product design through items, attributes and linkages, and further defines the detail of the linkages. When changes occur during product design period, we also propose an object-oriented and recursive mechanism in deciding the effect of changes initiatively. An example is presented to verify the proposed concept and mechanism of the change impact analysis (CIA) approach.
Change is inevitable in the software product lifecycle. When a software change occurs, all of the stakeholders and related artifacts should be considered in determining the success of the change ...action in a collaborative development environment such as JAD (joint application development). In this regard, current implementation-based or homogeneous impact analyses are insufficient; therefore, this paper presents a holistic approach to change impact analysis in handling not only software contents but also other items such as requirements, documents and data. This approach characterizes product contents and relates heterogeneous items by using attributes and linkages. It also uses an object-oriented propagation mechanism to handle dynamic looping in determining the impact of changes. A prototype, EPIC, was built to realize this approach and these concepts. A walkthrough example is provided in order to verify the work of the proposed approach. An empirical study is presented to discuss the benefits of the proposed approach and the application of EPIC in a software company. Lessons learned from the case study and improvement issues of the proposed approach and the tool are also discussed.
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The drive for information technology‐led organizational and operational change in public administration has lagged behind that in the private sector. For good reasons, central public ...administrations are conservative by nature. Most public administrations are bureaucracies and bureaucracies tend to resist change. Nevertheless the pressure to obtain better value from public administration information technology investments is growing and the debate as to how to achieve this is increasingly important. Part of this debate is concerned with how best to confront the formidable and specific challenges faced by the sector. These include cultural, structural, resource and technical problems as well as a legacy of isolated developments which do not interrelate. The difficulties are compounded by the problems of evaluation generally in public administration – problems which are reflected in the evaluation of public sector information systems. This drive for change is reviewed and discussed in the context of the Irish civil service, in which there is a growing awareness of the strategic importance of breaking down specialized vertical systems and providing an integrated service to the citizen. A new approach to the problem, based on adapting the concept of business objects, is suggested.
The globalization of competition and changing customer requirements are the emerging phenomenon of today's manufacturing environment. Nowadays, manufacturers need useful information prior to making ...important decisions based on their experience and knowledge. However, the lack of seamless data transformation between database and knowledge based system hinders design practitioners from responding rapidly to the changes in the complex and dynamic product development environment. This paper proposes a dynamic product information schema which is characterized by its ability to provide designers with a product data exchange standard, thus, enhancing the responsiveness of product development. The approach is based on the modification of the XML standard which is assimilated with object technology to form a cross-platform protocol that enables enterprises to update their data constantly. In particular, data from the traditional relational database model can be transformed to a format which is acceptable in a knowledge base system. To validate the feasibility of the proposed schema, a trial run has been conducted in a local company based on the suggested approach.
Since CAD data is used as master data throughout the lifecycle of a product, it is important to provide a means for efficiently sharing CAD data among systems used for collaborative product ...development. Web Services, a type of distributed object technology, is adequate for this purpose; in a previous study 7, the authors proposed the architecture of Web Services for CAD (WSC) for the retrieval of CAD data. CAD data are classified into CAD assembly and part data. Since product design is typically modeled in the form of CAD assembly data, it is worth to consider this application when implementing a service for CAD data retrieval. In this study, the authors first propose a concept of parallel Web Service, which is an extension of WSC and whose goal is the rapid retrieval of CAD assembly data. They then discuss the technical details that can lead to its realization. Finally, experimental results regarding the performance of assembly data retrieval by the parallel Web Service are presented and compared with analogous performance by a single Web Service.
This is the first comprehensive investigation of the industrial sourcing and procurement practices throughout sixty-eight construction industry supply channels across seven major commodity sectors at ...all levels. London presents real-world case studies to combine theory and practice to describe the economic structural and behavioural characteristics of sectors integral to the construction industry performance. Construction Supply Chain Economics details 'everyday' experiences and procurement decisions made by people in firms in the industry related to projects as they seek out other firms to work with during the tendering stage. London creates a language that enables us to classify and understand behaviour and recognise the impact of our decisions on firms and projects within the industry. Construction Supply Chain Economics introduces a new model for mapping the construction sector of particular interest to construction management and economic researchers and to procurement decision makers, including policymakers and clients, as well as industry practitioners, such as contractors, consultants and materials suppliers.
I discuss the concept of Item as stated by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) in the conceptual model Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records ...(FRBR) and the object-oriented version of it (FRBR
OO
). Using object-oriented modeling techniques I analyze the relationship of the Item with the Manifestation entity, the concept of Document, and the physical object as a Carrier of a Content. A class scheme is proposed, not only as an implementation example, but as a way of clarifying some bibliographic concepts as well.
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