A new approach to the geographical characterisation of virgin olive oils (VOOs) based on the
1H NMR fingerprint of the unsaponifiable matter is presented. The
1H NMR spectra of the unsaponifiable ...fraction of virgin olive oils from Spain, Italy, Greece, Tunisia, Turkey, and Syria were analysed by several pattern recognition techniques (LDA, PLS-DA, SIMCA, and CART). PLS-DA (PLS-1 approach) obtained the best classification results for all classes. Moreover,
1H NMR spectra of the bulk oil, and its corresponding unsaponifiable fraction, as well as the subfractions of the unsaponifiable fraction (alcohol, sterol, hydrocarbon, and tocopherol fractions) were studied in the search for the markers that multivariate techniques revealed to be related to the geographical origin of olive oils. Additionally, a preliminary study regarding
1H NMR data of the bulk oil and the corresponding unsaponifiable fraction of VOOs suggested that these spectral data contained complementary information for the geographical characterisation of VOOs.
Virgin olive oils extracted from three principal Tunisian olive cultivars (Chemlali, Chetoui and Zarrazi) and coming from four different regions (Sfax, Beja, Gabes and Medenine) along the Tunisian ...costs were analysed. The quality indices as well as fatty acids and phenolic acids content of oil samples were examined using univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. The finding demonstrated that significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in quality indices between the different cultivars and that fatty acid content is the most informative in discriminating olive oils from production sites that are different by geographical and climatic parameters. In fact, southern cultivars (Zarrazi Gabes and Zarrazi Medenine) have the best fatty acid combination according to their oxidative effect. Besides, phenolic acids content was not useful in discriminating olive oil samples and could depend not only on geographic location but also on olive variety and agronomic practices. Nevertheless, Principal Component Analysis allowed us to highlight the Chemlali Beja olive oil for its interesting oxidative stability, fatty acid composition and its richness in phenolic acids content.
Determination of free fatty acids in olive oils by UPHLC–MS Wabaidur, Saikh M.; AlAmmari, Ahmad; Aqel, Ahmad ...
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences,
09/2016, Volume:
1031
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
•We provide a new strategy for specifically screening of fatty acids.•The UPLC–MS was established for the simultaneous quantitation of fatty acids.•The method is simple and was directly used for ...fatty acid analysis.•Both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in olive oils were analyzed.•All the fatty acids were efficiently eluted in a time of less than 8min.
A simple, fast, highly efficient and direct method using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry has been established for the simultaneous separation, identification and quantitation of a few saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in olive oils from various countries. No sample pretreatment techniques were employed such as extraction or derivatization for the analysis of target acids from oil samples, as the oil samples were just diluted, filtered and then directly injected to the instrument. The chromatographic separations of all target fatty acids were achieved on a Hypersil Gold C18 column of particle size 1.9μm, 50×2.1mm I.D, while the gradient elution using a binary mobile phase mixture of acetonitrile and water at a flow rate of 1.5ml/min was adopted for achieving optimum separations. The identification and quantitation of target compounds was accomplished using selected ion reaction monitoring mode. The recoveries of the fatty acids were obtained higher than 89% with good validation parameters; linearity (r2>0.992), detection limit between 0.09 and 0.24μg/ml, run to run and day to day precisions with percent relative standard deviation lower than 2.4% at both low (1μg/ml) and medium (10μg/ml) concentration levels. The total content of fatty acids in each individual oils was found in the range of 472.63–7751.20μg/ml of olive oil, while oleic acid was found to be the major fatty acid among all analyzed oils with the amount 3785.94μg/ml (maximum) in Syrian olive oil. The obtained validation parameters confirm that the proposed analytical method is rapid, sensitive, reproducible and simple and it could be applied for the successful evaluation of fatty acids in various oils and other matrices. All the fatty acids were efficiently eluted in a time of less than 8min with well resolved peaks by employing the proposed method.
Several studies relate Mediterranean diet and virgin olive oil (VOO) intake with lower risk of several chronic diseases, including breast cancer. Many of them described antitumor properties of ...isolated minor compounds present in VOO, but beneficial properties of VOO arise from the effects of all its compounds acting together. The aim of the present study was to test the antitumor effects of two minor compounds from VOO (hydroxytyrosol (HT) and squalene (SQ)) on highly metastatic human breast tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) when acting in combination. Both isolated compounds were previously analyzed without showing any antitumoral effect on highly invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, but the present results show that HT at 100 µM, combined with different concentrations of SQ, could exert antitumor effects. When they are combined, HT and SQ are able to inhibit cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis and DNA damage in metastatic breast cancer cells. Therefore, our results suggest that the health-promoting properties of VOO may be due, at least in part, to the combined action of these two minor compounds.
•Olive oils from different areas of Calabria (Southern Italy) were characterized.•The peculiar chemical characteristics of olive oils derived from the biodiversity.•Growing area influences ...qualitative parameters of olive oils.
The qualitative characteristics of four monovarietal olive oils produced in Calabria region (Southern Italy) were evaluated. The aim of this work was to evidence the differences on chemical parameters due to variety and to growing environment. Results demonstrated a large variability in qualitative indexes according to the variety. Most of the Grossa di Gerace oils sampled in Ionian Southern coast revealed a high total acidity (percentage upper 0.8% of oleic acid). Fatty acid composition showed some varietal characters: in Grossa di Gerace oils possessed a low content of oleic acid and many Carolea oils showed a heptadecenoic acid level higher than 0.3% as European Rules requires for the extra virgin olive oil category. Carolea cultivar is widely grown in different sites of Calabria and so it is influenced by the different climatic conditions: the obtained oils strongly differed according to the production area.
The aim of this study was to ascertain the association between the consumption of different categories of edible olive oils (virgin olive oils and olive oil) and olive pomace oil and ankle-brachial ...pressure index (ABI) in participants in the PREDIMED-Plus study, a trial of lifestyle modification for weight and cardiovascular event reduction in individuals with overweight/obesity harboring the metabolic syndrome.
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Consumption of any category of olive oil and olive pomace oil was assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to assess associations between olive oil consumption and ABI. Additionally, ABI ≤1 was considered as the outcome in logistic models with different categories of olive oil and olive pomace oil as exposure.
Among 4330 participants, the highest quintile of total olive oil consumption (sum of all categories of olive oil and olive pomace oil) was associated with higher mean values of ABI (beta coefficient: 0.014, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.002, 0.027) (p for trend = 0.010). Logistic models comparing the consumption of different categories of olive oils, olive pomace oil and ABI ≤1 values revealed an inverse association between virgin olive oils consumption and the likelihood of a low ABI (odds ratio OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56, 0.97), while consumption of olive pomace oil was positively associated with a low ABI (OR 1.22 95% CI 1.00, 1.48).
In a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk, total olive oil consumption was associated with a higher mean ABI. These results suggest that olive oil consumption may be beneficial for peripheral artery disease prevention, but longitudinal studies are needed.
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•Total olive oil consumption is associated with a high ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) disease.•Virgin olive oils consumption is inversely associated with having ABI≤1.•Olive pomace oil consumption is positively associated with having ABI≤1.
Mediterranean olive trees have been cultivated in Pakistan for decades to promote olive cultivation and use of olive oil. The qualitative characteristics of seven mono and one multi-varietal extra ...virgin olive oils (EVOOs) extracted from Italian cultivars grown in different areas of Balochistan a southwestern province of Pakistan were evaluated. Present study aims to assess the impact of bioclimatological change on biochemical profile of exotic cultivars. The dominating fatty acids found in analyzed EVOOs were oleic (65-72%), linoleic (10.61-18.33%) and palmitic acids (12-16%). The tocopherols α, (β+γ) and δ contents showed a great diversity which ranged from (60-408) mg/kg while, total phenol concentration ranged from (200-370) mg/kg. The analyses of phenolic compounds revealed the presence of phenolic acids, phenolic alcohols, secoiridoids, flavonoids, oleuropein and verbascosides. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) regarding studied parameters. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify the main components and to classify samples into groups in terms of fatty acids and phenolic profiles. The first group (Frantoio, Moraiolo, Pendolino, Multi-varietal mixture) characterized by high amount of oleic acid and MUFAs/PUFAs ratio. The second group (Maurino and Leccino) correlates with SFAs and third (Ottobrattica, Coratina) with PUFAs. Based on the PCA of phenolic profile the studied cultivars were divided into two main groups. Morialo, Pendolino and Maurino correlated with (phenolic acids, hydroxytyrosol, flavonoids and secoiridoids). Frantoio, Ottobrattica, Coratina, multi-varietal and Leccino were correlated with oleuropein, tyrosol and ligstroside aglycon. The obtained data was compared with those obtained from same cultivars in their original and/or different growing area. Marked differences were observed in the composition of oleic, linoleic, palmitic acids, secoiridoids and total phenolic contents. These differences could be due to change in geographical location and climatical condition of Balochistan. The cultivar Moraiolo has shown best adaptation and preserved its biochemical composition among all studied cultivars.
Flavoring olive oils is a new trend in consumer preferences, and different enrichment techniques can be used. Coextraction of olives with a flavoring agent is an option for obtaining a flavored ...product without the need for further operations. Moreover, ultrasound (US) assisted extraction is an emergent technology able to increase extractability. Combining US and coextraction, it is possible to obtain new products using different types of olives (e.g., cultivar and ripening stage), ingredient(s) with the greatest flavoring and/or bioactive potential, as well as extraction conditions. In the present study, mastic thyme (Thymus mastichina L.) (TM) and lemon thyme (Thymus x citriodorus) (TC) were used for flavoring Cornicabra oils by coextraction. The coextraction trials were performed by (i) thyme addition to the olives during crushing or malaxation and (ii) US application before malaxation. Several parameters were evaluated in the oil: quality criteria parameters, total phenols, fatty acid composition, chlorophyll pigments, phenolic profile and oxidative stability. US application did not change the phenolic profile of Cornicabra olive oils, while the enrichment of olive oils with phenolic compounds or pigments by coextraction was very dependent on the thyme used. TM enrichment showed an improvement of several new phenolic compounds in the oils, while with TC, fewer new phenols were observed. In turn, in the trials with TC, the extraction of chlorophyll pigments was higher, particularly in crushing coprocessing. Moreover, the oils obtained with US and TM added in the mill or in the malaxator showed lower phenol decrease (59%) than oils flavored with TC (76% decrease) or Cornicabra virgin olive oil (80% decrease) over an 8-month storage period. Multivariate data analysis, considering quality parameters, pigments and phenolic contents, showed that flavored oils were mainly grouped by age.
A comparative evaluation of the effects of the extraction solvent on the phytochemical profile and antioxidant potential of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) by-products (TBP) was done. Results showed ...significant differences in total and individual phenolic contents and lycopene amount by varying the extraction solvent, which consequently influenced the antioxidant activity of TBP extracts. Significant associations were observed between the antioxidant potency and the total phenolic content. However, the antioxidant assay of some solvent extracts with low total phenolic content such as acetone and hexane extracts, showed good antioxidant effects indicating that some other co-extracted active compounds such as lycopene may also contribute to the overall antioxidant properties. Ethanol (99.5%) is the most suitable solvent to obtain TBP extracts with the highest content of phenolic compounds showing strong antioxidant properties. Taking into account that ethanol is a food grade and environmental friendly solvent, the ethanolic extract from TBP was successfully added into refined olive and olive-pomace oils to enhance their oxidative stability.
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