The aim of the study was to investigate the association of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphism, PON1/arylesterase (ARE) activity and oxidative stress index (OSI) in breast cancer (BC) patients with ...type 2 diabetes (DM).
Our study group consisted of 30 healthy women (HV group) and 66 female BC patients. The BC patients were divided into two groups: those with (n=37) and without DM (n=29) (BDM and NBDM group). Genotyping of PON1 Q192R and L55M polymorphisms were done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Serum PON1/ARE enzyme activities, total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were analysed by spectrophotometric method. The ratio of TOS to TAS was accepted as the oxidative stress index (OSI).
PON1 Q192R genotype frequency distribution was significantly different in the BDM group compared to the NBDM group (p=0.021). When alleles distribution was examined, R and L alleles were significantly lower, Q and M alleles were significantly higher in the BDM group than in the NBDM group (p<0.001). TOS and OSI were statistically higher in BC patients than HV group (p<0.001).
Our results suggest that PON1 gene Q and M alleles may be the risk factors predisposing formation of BC due to increased oxidant damage seen in DM. However, these statements require further confirmation with screening PON1 polymorphism in a greater number of patients with DM, and also wide range follow-up studies are necessary for the same purpose.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Exhaustive physical activity is associated with increased production of
reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Enhanced free ...radical
production leads to cellular loss of redox homeostasis and might result in
muscular injury, soreness, and fatigue, and, consequently, decrements in
physical performance. Methods to reduce free radical production and
subsequent oxidative stress and muscle damage during and following physical
exercise have been a priority of much research activity. Various antioxidants
and their combinations were investigated. Astaxanthin is one of the main
pigments belonging to the family of the xanthophylls, which is generally
distributed in seafood. Recent studies continue to evidence the multiple
possibilities of astaxanthin application in providing benefits to human
health. The physiologic stress induced by prolonged and intensive exertion is
reflected in transient yet significant immune system perturbations in
multiple body compartments. The influence of several nutritional
countermeasures to exercise-induced alterations of mucosal immunity have been
investigated including carbo-hydrate, zinc, glutamine, bovine colostrum,
caffeine, as well as several antioxidants. The purpose of the present
investigation was to determine the effects of astaxanthin supplementation on
oxidative stress and muscle damage in young soccer players while following
their habitual dietary pattern and training program during competitive
season. In addition, the effect of couple nutritional measures (sensory
stimulation and astaxanthin supplementation) on mucosal immunity were
investigated The study was performed in a group of 40 soccer players, 28 high
school pupils, who did not practice intensive physical exercise regularly and
20 subjects who practiced karate recreationally. The study was conducted
according to the guidelines laid down in Declaration of Helsinki.
Experimental procedures were approved by the Ethical Committee of Sports
Medicine Association of Serbia. Long-term soccer training is accompanied by
an increased capacity of antioxidant systems. However, soccer players are
exposed to higher level of oxidative stress in comparison to sedentary
people. Soccer exercise is associated with excessive production of free
radicals and oxidative stress which might diminish total antioxidant status.
Supplementation with astaxanthin could prevent exercise induced free radical
production and depletion of non enzymatic antioxidant defense in young soccer
players. Regular soccer training over the period of 90 days provokes
increased production of superoxide anion and decreased activity of superoxide
dismutase. On the other hand, soccer training may result in decreased total
oxidant status and prooxidant-antioxidant balance, probably due to an up
regulation in the body's antioxidant defense system. Astaxanthin
supplementation had beneficial effect on improving paraoxonase 1 activity
toward paraoxon and diazoxon, as well as total sulphydryl groups content in
young soccer players. Supplementation with astaxanthin might stabilize
sarcolemma leading to less muscle damage. Intensive soccer exercise, as well
as recreational karate exercise induced decrease in sIgA absolute
concentration and sIgA secretion rate and the magnitude of these alterations
reflects the intensity, duration and chronicity of the exercise. Application
of flavored whey-based drink elevated salivary flow and might be helpful in
maintenance of total sIgA amount covering mucosal surface. Astaxanthin might
have beneficial effect on sIgA production in saliva in young soccer player
during training season.- Intenzivni treninzi dovode do povećanja produkcije slobodnih radikala i mogu
doprineti nastanku oksidativnog stresa kod sportista. Pored toga, poremećaj
ćelijske homeostaze u mišićima uzrokovan slobodnim radikalima rezultira
oštećenjem mišića, bolom, zamorom i smanjenjem sportskih performansi. Do sada
je sproveden veliki broj istraživanja sa ciljem da se odredi efekat
antioksidanasa na smanjenje oksidativnog stresa i oštećenja mišića, koje
nastaju kao posledice intenzivne fizičke aktivnosti. Astaksantin (Asx) je
liposolubilna supstanca koja pripada grupi ksantofila, oksidovanih derivata
karotenoida, široko rasprostranjen u prirodi. Rezultati do sada sporovedenih
istraživanja pokazuju da astaksantin, zbog izvanredne antioksidativne
aktivnosti, može imati značajnu ulogu u ishrani ljudi u cilju očuvanja
zdravlja i prevenciji hroničnih bolesti. Fiziološki stres uzrokovan dugim i
intenzivnim treninzima se ogleda i u prolaznim, ali značajnim promenama u
imunom sistemu što se dovodi u vezu sa povećanom incidencom infekcija,
naročito infekcija gornjih respiratornih puteva kod sportista. Do sada je
ispitivan uticaj nekoliko nutritivnih mera na promene u imunom sistemu
uzrokovanih intenzivnim treninzima: ugljeno-hidratni napici, omega-3 masne
kiseline, razni antioksidansi, cink, glutamin, ehinacea i kolostrum, meĊutim
čvrstih dokaza za efikasnost ovih suplemenata još uvek nema. Stoga je cilj
istraživanja bio ispitivanje uticaja suplementacije Asx na oksidativni stres
i oštećenje mišića kod mladih fudbalera u toku sezone. Pored toga, ispitivan
je i uticaj suplementacije Asx i senzorne stimulacije aromatizovanim napitkom
na bazi surutke na mukozni imunitet sportista. U istraživanju je učestvovalo
40 fudbalera, 28 ispitanika koji nisu imali redovnu intenzivnu fizičku
aktivnosti i 20 ispitanika koji su se rekreativno bavili karateom. Studija je
planirana u skladu sa etičkim standardima datim u Helsinkiškoj deklaraciji i
u skladu sa pravilima Etičkog komiteta Udruženja za medicinu sporta Srbije.
Dugogodišnje treniranje fudbala uslovljava povećanje aktivnosti
antioksidativnih mehanizama zaštite, ali su i pored toga mladi fudbaleri
izloženi većem nivou oksidativnog stresa i oksidativnog oštećenja u odnosu na
fizički neaktivne osobe. Intenzivni fudbalski trening je povezan sa povećanom
produkcijom slobodnih radikala, što može smanjiti totalni antioksidativni
status. Suplementacija astaksantinom može delimično sprečiti povećanu
produkciju slobodnih radikala i trošenje neenzimske antioksidativne zaštite
kod mladih fudbalera. Naporan program treniranja u toku sezone dovodi do
povećanja produkcije superoksidnog anjona i smanjenja aktivnosti enzima
superoksid dizmutaze. Ipak, uočeno smanjenje totalnog oksidativnog statusa i
prooksidativno-antioksidativnog balansa, ukazuje na smanjenje nivoa
oksidativnog stresa, što je verovatno posledica adaptivnog odgovora na
intenzivne treninge. Suplementacija astaksantinom ima povoljan efekat na
unapređenje aktivnosti enzima paraoksonaze 1 i ukupan sadržaj sulfhidrilnih
grupa kod mladih fudbalera. Primena astaksantina u toku sezone može
stabilisati mišićnu membranu i na taj način smanjiti oštećenje mišićnih
ćelija do određenog stepena. Intenzivan trening kod fudbalera, ali i
rekreativni karate trening dovode do pada nivoa sekretornog IgA u salivi.
Primena aromatizovanog napitka na bazi surutke nakon treninga može biti od
koristi u cilju održavanja salivarnog protoka, a na taj način i količine sIgA
u salivi. Rezultati pokazuju da suplementacija astaksantinom može imati
povoljan efekat na produkciju sIgA u salivi kod mladih fudbalera u periodu
intenzivnih treninga tokom sezone.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Paraoksonaza 1 (PON1) je enzim koji sudjeluje u uklanjanju karcinogenih radikala lipidne peroksidacije. Cilj istraživanja je ...odrediti paraoksonaznu i arilesteraznu aktivnost PON1, razdiobu fenotipova PON1, učestalost polimorfizama gena pon1 koji utječu na enzimsku aktivnost i koncentraciju te parametre lipidnog statusa i oksidacijskoga stresa u ispitanica s premalignim promjenama vrata maternice. Bazalna i NaCl-stimulirana paraoksonazna aktivnost PON1, kao i ove aktivnosti standardizirane na koncentraciju HDL-a i apoAI, ne razlikuju se znatno između kontrolne skupine ispitanica i skupine ispitanica s cervikalnom intraepitelnom neoplazijom (CIN). Arilesterazna aktivnost PON1 te aktivnost standardizirana na koncentraciju HDL-a i apoAI znatno su niže u ispitanica s CIN-om i u ispitanica podijeljenih u podskupine s CIN-om niskog rizika i s CIN-om visokog rizika. Razdioba fenotipova PON1 ne razlikuje se značajno između ispitivanih skupina kao ni razdioba genotipova i alela polimorfizama Q192R, L55M i -108C>T gena pon1. Koncentracija se tiolnih skupina ne razlikuje, dok je koncentracija malondialdehida mnogo niža, a koncentracija glutationa značajno viša u skupini ispitanica s CIN-om. Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na oksidacijsko-antioksidacijsku neravnotežu u žena s CIN-om. Uočeno sniženje arilesterazne aktivnosti PON1 ukazuje na sniženu koncentraciju ovog enzima u serumu žena s CIN-om što može biti posljedica smanjene genske ekspresije uslijed poremećaja redoks homeostaze.- Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is the enzyme that removes carcinogenic radicals of lipid peroxidation. The aim of this study was to determine the paraoxonase and arylesterase activity of PON1, phenotype distribution and polymorphisms of pon1 gene, and parameters of lipid status as well as oxidation stress in patients with premalignant lesion of the cervix. Basal and NaCl-stimulated paraoxonase activity of PON1 as well as those activities standardized on the concentration of HDL and apoAI did not differ significantly between control group and group of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). On the other hand, arylesterase activity of PON1 as well as activity standardized on the concentration of HDL and apoAI was significantly reduced in CIN group, and in the subgroups with low grade and high grade changes. Distribution of PON1 phenotypes was similar in the study groups. In addition distribution of genotypes and alleles of Q192R, L55M and -108C>T polymorphisms of pon1 gene did not differ between the study groups. Concentration of thiol groups was similar, of malondialdehide was lower and of glutathione was significantly higher in the CIN groups. Observed results indicated an oxidation-antioxidation disbalance in women with CIN. Decreased arilesterase PON1 activity might reflect reduced enzyme concentration which could be the consequence of down-regulated gene expression due to redox homeostasis disturbances.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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