•Tangerine, pomegranate and banana processing system.•Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of tangerine, pomegranate and banana peels.•Different uses of tangerine, pomegranate and ...banana peels.•Tangerine, pomegranate and banana peels valorisation methods.
Over the last decade the world has been generating a high quantity of tangerine peel waste (TPW), pomegranate peel waste (PPW) and banana peel waste (BPW). These peels have several economic benefits but there is mismanagement or inappropriate valorisation that could present risks to environment and public health. In the current review, we discussed the use of TPW, PPW and BPW directly for animal feed, soil fertilization, specific compost production and bio-adsorbent. We also discussed the valorisation of these peels for manufacturing the value-added products including enzymes, essential oil and other products that can be used in human food, in medical and cosmetic industry. Additionally, recent studies concerning the valorisation of these peels by biorefinery for bioethanol, biogas and biohydrogen production have been discussed. In the same context some other recent studies about valorisation of microorganisms isolated from these peels for medical, agronomic and industrial interests have been also discussed.
Advanced chemical peels: Phenol-croton oil peel Wambier, Carlos G.; Lee, Kachiu C.; Soon, Seaver L. ...
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology,
August 2019, 2019-Aug, 2019-08-00, 20190801, Volume:
81, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Once considered the standard for deep facial resurfacing, the classical Baker-Gordon phenol-croton oil peel has largely been replaced by formulas with lower concentrations of phenol and croton oil. ...The improved safety profile of deep peels has ushered in a new era in chemical peeling. Wrinkles can be improved and skin can be tightened with more subtle and natural results. No longer does a deep peel denote “alabaster white” facial depigmentation with complete effacement of wrinkles. Gregory Hetter's research showed that the strength and corresponding depth of penetration of the phenol-croton oil peel can be modified by varying the concentration of croton oil. This second article in this continuing medical education series focuses on the main historical, scientific, and procedural considerations in phenol-croton oil peels.
The proximate composition, mineral contents and fatty acid composition of different parts (peel, pulp and seeds) of seven tropical fruits were evaluated. Beyond that, this study aims to evaluate the ...effect of drying processing on peels. Pulp and peel showed highest moisture values (65.7-93.3%), while the seed ranged from 5.8 to 67.2%. The drying processing of peels decreased moisture values (2.3-18.7%). Furthermore, drying processing did not affect ash contents, total crude protein, lipids and fiber values and fatty acid composition for avocado, pineapple, banana, papaya, passion fruit, watermelon and melon. A wide range of mineral contents was noted in different parts of fruit and calcium and potassium were found in larger quantities (25.4 to 4808 mg per 100 g). The fruits exhibited essential fatty acids as omega-6 and omega-3 with the largest contents observed in the peels and seeds (31.4 to 1970 mg per 100 g).
Acne is a common and complex and multifactorial skin disease that affects individuals of all ages. It commonly presents as Seborrhoea and formation of comedones, papules and pustules. Aim of our ...study is to evaluate various new chemical peeling agent for search of treatment which stand out with maximum efficacy and least side effect.
A total 120 patients were included in our study. Grading of acne was done according to Pillsbury classification and divided into five Treatment groups: Group A: Azelaic peel (20% Azelaic acid peel) Group B: Black peel (8% Acetic acid peel) Group C: Kojic acid peel (12% kojic acid peel) Group D: Lactic acid peel (90% lactic acid peel) Group E: Mandelic acid peel (35% mandelic acid peel). Patients in each arm were subjected to respective chemical peels at an interval of 15 days for a total of 6 sessions. Last visit was done at 12th week. Evaluation done by dermatological examination for acne including counting the number of comedones, papules and pustules.
Patients with improvement at the end of 12 weeks the overall reduction rate was 60.4%, 72.4%, 24.1%, 35.2% and 50.1% with Azelaic peel, Black peel, Kojic acid peel, Lactic acid peel and Mandelic acid peel respectively.
Our study thus concluded that the efficacy of Black peel is highest in the treatment of acne vulgaris grade I to III in Indian patients. The resolution was also observed good with Azelaic acid and Mandelic acid while response was not up to the mark by Lactic acid and Kojic acid peel. However, immediate erythema and burning sensations were more common side effects with black peel. Though the side effects observed with these peels reduced by itself, application of emollients, mild steroids and sun screeners hastened the recovery.
Background and AimsPectin is a complex macromolecule, the fine structure of which is influenced by many factors. It is used as a gelling, thickening and emulsifying agent in a wide range of ...applications, from food to pharmaceutical products. Current industrial pectin extraction processes are based on fruit peel, a waste product from the juicing industry, in which thousands of tons of citrus are processed worldwide every year. This study examines how pectin components vary in relation to the plant source (orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit) and considers the influence of extraction conditions on the chemical and macromolecular characteristics of pectin samples.MethodsCitrus peel (orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit) from a commercial supplier was used as raw material. Pectin samples were obtained on a bulk plant scale (kilograms; harsh nitric acid, mild nitric acid and harsh oxalic acid extraction) and on a laboratory scale (grams; mild oxalic acid extraction). Pectin composition (acidic and neutral sugars) and physicochemical properties (molar mass and intrinsic viscosity) were determined.Key ResultsOxalic acid extraction allowed the recovery of pectin samples of high molecular weight. Mild oxalic acid-extracted pectins were rich in long homogalacturonan stretches and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches with conserved side chains. Nitric acid-extracted pectins exhibited lower molecular weights and contained rhamnogalacturonan I stretches encompassing few and/or short side chains. Grapefruit pectin was found to have short side chains compared with orange, lime and lemon. Orange and grapefruit pectin samples were both particularly rich in rhamnogalacturonan I backbones.ConclusionsStructural, and hence macromolecular, variations within the different citrus pectin samples were mainly related to their rhamnogalacturonan I contents and integrity, and, to a lesser extent, to the length of their homogalacturonan domains.
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•GP extracts was used as novel activator to prepare GP based biochar.•The biochar had more abundant O-containing groups for TC adsorption.•Pore structure, charge effect and molecular ...interaction control TC adsorption onto GPBC.•The prepared GPBC adsorbed TC rapidly with high qe per unit surface area.
A novel adsorbent derived from grapefruit peel (GP) based biochar (GPBC) was synthesized by combined carbonization of GP and subsequent activation by GP extracts. Compared to biochar without extracts activation, the technique granted GPBC-20 (with 1:20 of solid-solution ratio) more abundant surface functional groups, which exerts the adsorbent superior performance for tetracycline (TC) adsorption (37.92 mg/g v.s. 16.64 mg/g). The adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics models were further used to evaluate the adsorption behavior of GPBC. The enhanced adsorption was analyzed by characterization of fresh and used GPBC, revealing that the adsorption mechanism was comprised of pore filling, charge interaction and chemical bonding. The comprehensive investigation of using agricultural waste extracts as activator to prepare its raw materials-based adsorbents may be of great significance for enhanced resource utilization.
Edible films are promising carriers for probiotics and can be composed by agrifood residues, which are usually rich in polymers and bioactive compounds. In this work, starch-based films were enriched ...with three types of agrifood residues (quince, potato and orange peels) and the incorporation of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus was studied, as well as the addition of inulin as a protective prebiotic. The resulting films were characterized in terms of mechanical properties, physicochemical properties, lactobacilli viability and microbiological properties. The mechanical properties of the films generally decreased with the introduction of L. rhamnosus, although this was highly dependent on the film composition. All films exhibited water vapor permeabilities in the typical range of starch-based films and were not greatly affected by the inclusion of probiotics. The loss of probiotic viability during films production was strongly related to the pH of the film-forming solutions. Films with agrifood residues had a slower loss of probiotic viability during storage, when compared to plain starch films, which may be explained by the presence of antioxidant compounds. Inulin was expected to improve viability, but this was not observed. Microbiological analysis showed that agrifood residues powders contained natural contaminant bacteria that were partially eliminated during film formation. Moreover, none of the target foodborne pathogens were detected in the analyzed samples. Overall, the results suggest that edible films containing agrifood residues can be a promising material for the delivery of probiotics and/or as primary packaging for some food products.
•L. rhamnosus incorporated into starch-based edible films with agrifood residues.•Valorization of potato, orange, and quince peels agrifood residues.•Probiotic viability highly dependent of the pH of the film-forming solutions.•Addition of agrifood components slows down loss of viability during storage.•Reduction of bacterial contamination from agrifood residues during film preparation.
Mulia DS, Raicha R, Lunggani CP, Erina SN, Wuliandari JR, Purbomartono C, Isnansetyo A. 2023. Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of banana, cassava, and pineapple peels against a fish pathogen ...Aeromonas hydrophila. Biodiversitas 24: 481-485. Aeromonas hydrophila is the most virulent bacteria for almost all freshwater fish species. One method to control pathogenic bacteria in fish should be safe and environmentally friendly, including utilizing natural wastes such as banana peels (Musa paradisiaca), cassava peels (Manihot esculenta), and pineapple peels (Ananas comosus). These natural wastes contain bioactive compounds. Their utilization increases the waste value. This study aims to determine the potential of banana peel, cassava peel, and pineapple peel waste as an antibacterial against A. hydrophila, a causing agent of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) in freshwater fish. Parameters observed included phytochemical compounds, MIC, and MBC values of banana, cassava, and pineapple peels. Phytochemical screening was performed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and foam test. The microdilution method carried out the antibacterial activity of banana peel, cassava peel, and pineapple peel against A. hydrophila. It determines the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC); and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. Phytochemical screening results showed that banana, cassava, and pineapple peel extracts contained flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins. The MIC values of banana peel, cassava peel, and pineapple peel extract were 600, 400, and 200 µg/mL, respectively. The MBC values of banana peel, cassava peel, and pineapple peels were 4 × MIC, 2 × MIC, and 1 × MIC, respectively. Extract of pineapple peel exhibited better antibacterial activity than banana and cassava peels. However, the three waste extracts indicated the antibacterial potential to be developed as natural bactericides to control A. hydrophila bacterial disease.
Citrus peel as a source of functional ingredient: A review Rafiq, Shafiya; Kaul, Rajkumari; Sofi, S.A. ...
Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences,
October 2018, 2018-10-00, 2018-10-01, Volume:
17, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Citrus plants belonging to the family Rutaceae which include fruits such as orange, mandarin, lime, lemon, sour orange and grapefruitappear as a well known promising source of multiple beneficial ...nutrients for human beings. Processing of citrus by-products potentially represents a rich source of phenolic compounds and dietary fibre, owing to the large amount of peel produced. These citrus fruit residues, which are generally discarded as waste in the environment, can act as potential nutraceutical resources. Due to their low cost and easy availability such wastes are capable of offering significant low-cost nutritional dietary supplements. The utilization of these bioactive rich citrus residues can provide an efficient, inexpensive, and environment friendly platform for the production of novel nutraceuticals or for the improvement of older ones. This review systematically summarized the potential components present in citrus peel, which generally discarded as waste.
In this work, the effect of purple sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) peel anthocyanin extracts (PSPAEs) on the physical and functional properties of films based on lemon peel waste pectin (LPP) was ...investigated for the first time. PSPAEs have great compatibility with LPP matrix, and the LPP/PSPAEs composite film demonstrated a higher ultraviolet light barrier capacity. The incorporation of PSPAEs significantly improved the physical properties of LPP films confirmed by the enhanced mechanical properties and thermal stability, which might be associated with the more compact structure observed by scanning electron microscope images and possible intermolecular interaction such as hydrogen bond interactions between film components demonstrated via Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, PSPAEs imparted excellent functional properties on LPP films, including antioxidant properties and sensitive color response to the pH alternation and ammonia atmosphere, which favored the possible application in monitoring food freshness. Herein, LPP/PSPAEs films were employed to detect the freshness of shrimp and beef, and a visually discernible color change could be observed as the food turned from fresh to stale. In addition, the LPP/PSPAEs composite films displayed great biodegradability in the soil. The results showed that could impart excellent properties on LPP films, and LPP/PSPAEs composite film is a promising biodegradable film that can be used for intelligent detection of food freshness.
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•Films based on lemon peel waste pectin (LPP) were prepared.•Purple sugarcane peel anthocyanin extracts (PSPAEs) were added into LPP films.•20–30% PSPAEs improved mechanical properties and thermal stability of LPP films.•PSPAEs effectively imparted excellent functional properties on LPP films.•LPP/30% PSPAEs composite films showed promise for the detection of food freshness.
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