This study deals with the evaluation of the bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds from heat-treated skim goat-milk powder fortified with grape-pomace-seed extract, after ...in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD MS/MS) analysis confirmed the abundant presence of phenolic acids and flavan-3-ols in the grape-pomace-seed extract (SE) and heat-treated skim goat-milk/seed-extract powder (TME). After in vitro digestion of TME powder and recovery of total quantified phenolics, flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids were 18.11%, 24.54%, and 1.17%, respectively. Low recovery of grape-pomace-seed phenolics indicated strong milk protein–phenolic interactions. Electrophoretic analysis of a soluble fraction of digested heat-treated skim goat milk (TM) and TME samples showed the absence of bands originating from milk proteins, indicating their hydrolysis during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The digested TME sample had better antioxidant properties in comparison to the digested TM sample (except for the ferrous ion-chelating capacity, FCC), due to the presence of bioaccessible phenolics. Taking into account the contribution of the digestive cocktail, digested TME sample had lower values of total phenolic content (TPC), in vitro phosphomolybdenum reducing capacity (TAC) and ferric reducing power (FRP), compared to the undigested TME sample. These results could be attributed to low recovery of phenolic compounds. TME powder could be a good carrier of phenolics to the colon; thus, TME powder could be a promising ingredient in the formulation of functional food.
Many
Trichoderma
spp. are successful plant beneficial microbial inoculants due to their ability to act as biocontrol agents with direct antagonistic activities to phytopathogens, and as biostimulants ...capable of promoting plant growth. This work investigated the effects of treatments with three selected
Trichoderma
strains (T22, TH1, and GV41) to strawberry plants on the productivity, metabolites and proteome of the formed fruits.
Trichoderma
applications stimulated plant growth, increased strawberry fruit yield, and favored selective accumulation of anthocyanins and other antioxidants in red ripened fruits. Proteomic analysis of fruits harvested from the plants previously treated with
Trichoderma
demonstrated that the microbial inoculants highly affected the representation of proteins associated with responses to stress/external stimuli, nutrient uptake, protein metabolism, carbon/energy metabolism and secondary metabolism, also providing a possible explanation to the presence of specific metabolites in fruits. Bioinformatic analysis of these differential proteins revealed a central network of interacting molecular species, providing a rationale to the concomitant modulation of different plant physiological processes following the microbial inoculation. These findings indicated that the application of
Trichoderma
-based products exerts a positive impact on strawberry, integrating well with previous observations on the molecular mechanisms activated in roots and leaves of other tested plant species, demonstrating that the efficacy of using a biological approach with beneficial microbes on the maturing plant is also able to transfer advantages to the developing fruits.
This work reports the development of low-cost and rapid multiplexed colorimetric assay of antioxidants (total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, flavonoids and anthocyanins) in wines at daisy-shaped ...fluidic paper-based analytical devices (PADs). The desired fluidic patterns were formed on paper by pen drawing and colorimetric reagents were immobilized at the 6 peripheral test zones. The sample was added at the central sample zone, migrated to the test zones and reacted with the immobilized reagents producing characteristic colors that were captured and analyzed. The paper-based approach was applied to the analysis of several wine samples and the results were statistically correlated to standard solution-based colorimetric assays, indicating that it could be reliably used for ranking wines according to their antioxidants content. In addition, the paper-based analytical methodology is simple, instrument-free, portable, cost-effective, rapid and environment friendly.
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•Daisy-shaped paper-based analytical devices (PADs) were fabricated by pen drawing.•The PADs were used for a sextuple antioxidant/phenolics/anthocyanins/flavonoids assay.•Reagents were added to the 6 peripheral test zones and sample was added to the central sample zone.•The results of the assay for 18 wines correlated well with those of solution-based assays (R2 > 0.97).•The paper-based analytical methodology is simple, instrument-free, portable, cost-effective, rapid and environment friendly.
Polyphenols are the biggest group of phytochemicals, and many of them have been found in plant-based foods. Polyphenol-rich diets have been linked to many health benefits. This paper is intended to ...review the chemistry and biochemistry of polyphenols as related to classification, extraction, separation and analytical methods, their occurrence and biosynthesis in plants, and the biological activities and implications in human health. The discussions are focused on important and most recent advances in the above aspects, and challenges are identified for future research.
Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites with wide biological activities, and their biological activity is inseparable from their interactions with proteins. Phenolic-protein interactions will ...occur at the moment they are mixed, and this interaction will continue during food processing, handling, ingestion, digestion, metabolism and bioutilization, leading to a profound impact on the structure and properties of phenols and proteins.
This review summarizes current knowledge of the contributions of phenolic-protein interactions to the bioactivities and functional mechanism of phenolic-containing foods. We firstly provide a comprehensive review of the interactions between phenolic ingredients and dietary proteins, and the multi-step interactions between ingested phenolics or derived phenolic products and functional proteins (like enzymes, transporters, receptors and transcription factors (TFs)) inside the human body, along with the involved intermolecular forces. In addition, we have proposed the use of molecular docking for predicting such interactions, and demonstrated some docking results of dietary phenolics (or their derived metabolites) with human TFs.
The phenolic-protein interactions in foods and post ingestion may function as multi-switches empowering health outcomes. This review asserts the need for increasing the knowledge of the interactions between the ingested phenolics or their derived products and all the protein biomolecules inside the human body.
•Phenolics and proteins may interact before and after ingestion.•Interactions of phenolic with enzyme, transporter, receptor and transcription factor.•Interactions of phenolics with functional proteins in vivo promote human health.•Phenolics multi-target interaction with proteins resulted in synergistic health effect.
The production of complex mixtures of secondary metabolites is a ubiquitous feature of plants. Several evolutionary hypotheses seek to explain how phytochemical diversity is maintained, including the ...synergy hypothesis, the interaction diversity hypothesis, and the screening hypothesis. We experimentally tested a set of predictions derived from these hypotheses by manipulating the richness and structural diversity of phenolic metabolites in the diets of eight plant consumers. Across 3940 total bioassays, there was clear support for the interaction diversity hypothesis over the synergy or screening hypotheses. The number of consumers affected by a particular phenolic composition increased with increasing richness and structural diversity of compounds. Furthermore, the bioactivity of phenolics was consumer‐specific. All compounds tested reduced the performance of at least one consumer, but no compounds affected all consumers. These results show how phytochemical diversity may be maintained in nature by a complex selective landscape exerted by diverse communities of plant consumers.
In this study, we test several hypotheses that explain the origins of phytochemical diversity by manipulating phenolic diversity in the diets of eight plant consumers. Our results show phytochemical diversity benefits plants by providing simultaneous defense against diverse consumers, rather than by providing more effective defense against any given consumer.
Chestnut rose (Rosa roxburghii Tratt.) is an underutilized plant in the Rosaceae family that originates from southwest of China. This study used UHPLC-IM-QTOF and UPLC-QQQ to analyze the free and ...bound phenolic fractions in three cultivars of chestnut rose fruit from different producing areas. The optimization of IM feature acquisition was conducted firstly. Then, 23 phenolics were reported in chestnut rose fruit for the first time. Differential phenolics profiles were observed between cultivars and fractions, with 24 phenolics further quantified. Catechin, procyanidin B1, gallic acid, ellagic acid and isoquercitrin were the five most abundant phenolics. Most of the phenolics were more abundant in the free fraction than in the bound fraction. As many phenolics were reported with functions such as antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-cancer, the chestnut rose fruit could serve as a healthy functional supplement foods in the form of juice, oral solution and powder, as well as an ingredient for functional foods.
•Free and bound phenolics from three cultivars of chestnut rose fruit were analyzed.•Twenty-three phenolics were reported in chestnut rose fruit for the first time.•Twenty-four phenolics were quantified in chestnut rose fruit.•Most phenolics were more abundant in free fraction than bound fraction.•Catechin, procyanidin B1, gallic acid, ellagic acid and isoquercitrin were rich.
Protein oxidation in muscle foods: A review Lund, Marianne N.; Heinonen, Marina; Baron, Caroline P. ...
Molecular nutrition & food research,
January 2011, Volume:
55, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Protein oxidation in living tissues is known to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of relevant degenerative diseases, whereas the occurrence and impact of protein oxidation (Pox) in food ...systems have been ignored for decades. Currently, the increasing interest among food scientists in this topic has led to highlight the influence that Pox may have on meat quality and human nutrition. Recent studies have contributed to solid scientific knowledge regarding basic oxidation mechanisms, and in advanced methodologies to accurately assess Pox in food systems. Some of these studies have provided insight into the reactions involved in the oxidative modifications undergone by muscle proteins. Moreover, a variety of products derived from oxidized muscle proteins, including cross‐links and carbonyls, have been identified. The impact of oxidation on protein functionality and on specific meat quality traits has also been addressed. Some other recent studies have shed light on the complex interaction mechanisms between myofibrillar proteins and certain redox‐active compounds such as tocopherols and phenolic compounds. This paper is devoted to review the most relevant findings on the occurrence and consequences of Pox in muscle foods. The efficiency of different anti‐oxidant strategies against the oxidation of muscle proteins is also reported.
Usually found bound to other complex molecules (e.g., lignin, hemicellulose), phenolic compounds (PC) are widely present in agro-industrial by-products, and their extraction is challenging. In recent ...times, research is starting to highlight the bioactive roles played by bound phenolics (BPC) in human health. This review aims at providing a critical update on recent advances in green techniques for the recovery of BPC, focusing on enzymatic-assisted (EAE) and fermentation-assisted extraction (FAE) as well as in the combination of technologies, showing variable yield and features. The present review also summarizes the most recent biological activities attributed to BPC extracts until now. The higher antioxidant activity of BPC-compared to FPC-coupled with their affordable by-product source make them medicinally potent and economically viable, promoting their integral upcycling and generating new revenue streams, business, and employment opportunities. In addition, EAE and FAE can have a biotransformative effect on the PC itself or its moiety, leading to improved extraction outcomes. Moreover, recent research on BPC extracts has reported promising anti-cancer and anti-diabetic activity. Yet further research is needed to elucidate their biological mechanisms and exploit the true potential of their applications in terms of new food products or ingredient development for human consumption.
Apple pomace has been considered as a sustainable source for antioxidant phenolic compounds. Previous reports show extraction of total phenolic contents (TPCs) by following various conventional and ...nonconventional techniques; however, a comparative study has not been reported. In the present work, conventional extraction was compared with several nonconventional extraction methods including ultrasound‐assisted extraction, microwave‐assisted extraction, high‐speed homogenization. Moreover, efficacy of combined treatments, including high‐speed homogenization coupled with microwave‐assisted extraction and ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic extraction, was evaluated for the recovery of TPC. The results revealed that ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic extraction results in the highest TPC (4.62 mg GAE/g); moreover, it simultaneously enabled the recovery of low methoxy pectins with the degree of methylation ranging from 14.03 to 28.85%. The LC‐Q‐TOF analysis revealed the presence of various phenolic acids and flavonoids. The 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay showed that the phenolic‐rich extracts had IC50 values ranging from 27.1 to 54.6 mg trolox/L depending on the extraction parameters.
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