Abstract Macrophages play an important role in regulating inflammatory responses and tissue regeneration. In the present study, their effect on bone remodeling is investigated by the simultaneous ...application of a macrophage recruiting agent, SEW2871 of a sphingosine-1 phosphate agonist, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The non-water soluble SEW2871 was solubilized in water through micelles formation with l -lactic acid grafted gelatin, and the resulting micelles with PRP were incorporated into gelatin hydrogels. Mixed SEW2871-micelles and PRP were released from gelatin hydrogels in a controlled fashion both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro migration assay revealed that the presence of PRP synergistically promoted SEW2871-induced macrophages migration. When applied to a bone defect of rats, the hydrogels incorporating mixed SEW2871-micelles and PRP recruited a higher number of macrophages than those hydrogels incorporating either SEW2871-micelles or PRP. The hydrogels incorporating mixed SEW2871-micelles and PRP enhanced the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α of pro-inflammatory cytokine, 3 days after application, while pro-inflammatory responses coupled with a significant increase in the expression level of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 of anti-inflammatory cytokine were observed 10 days postoperatively. The hydrogels incorporating mixed SEW2871-micelles and PRP promoted bone regeneration to a significant great extent compared with those incorporating PBS and either SEW2871-micelles or PRP. It is concluded that macrophages recruitment contributed to PRP-induced bone regeneration.
Bioprinting has emerged as a promising tool in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Various 3D printing strategies have been developed to enable bioprinting of various biopolymers and ...hydrogels. However, the incorporation of biological factors has not been well explored. As the importance of personalized medicine is becoming more clear, the need for the development of bioinks containing autologous/patient‐specific biological factors for tissue engineering applications becomes more evident. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is used as a patient‐specific source of autologous growth factors that can be easily incorporated to hydrogels and printed into 3D constructs. PRP contains a cocktail of growth factors enhancing angiogenesis, stem cell recruitment, and tissue regeneration. Here, the development of an alginate‐based bioink that can be printed and crosslinked upon implantation through exposure to native calcium ions is reported. This platform can be used for the controlled release of PRP‐associated growth factors which may ultimately enhance vascularization and stem cell migration.
Incorporation of platelet‐rich plasma with alginate‐based bioinks enables 3D bioprinting of scaffolds releasing autologous growth factors and proteins. The engineered bioinks can be printed using commercial bioprinters for various tissue engineering applications.
As people age, their ability to resist injury and repair damage decreases significantly. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has demonstrated diverse therapeutic effects on tissue repair. However, the ...inconsistency of patient outcomes poses a challenge to the practical application of PRP in clinical practice. Furthermore, a comprehensive understanding of the specific impact of aging on PRP requires a systematic investigation. We derived PRP from 6 young volunteers and 6 elderly volunteers, respectively. Subsequently, 95% of high-abundance proteins were removed, followed by mass spectrometry analysis. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD050061. We detected a total of 739 proteins and selected 311 proteins that showed significant differences, including 76 upregulated proteins in the young group and 235 upregulated proteins in the elderly group. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis unveiled upregulation of proteins associated with cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, and complement and coagulation cascades in the elderly. Conversely, IGF1 was found to be upregulated in the young group, potentially serving as the central source of enhanced cell proliferation ability. Our investigation not only provides insights into standardizing PRP preparation but also offers novel strategies for augmenting the functionality of aging cells or tissues.
Approximately 3.4% of adults have ankle (tibiotalar) osteoarthritis and, among younger patients, ankle osteoarthritis is more common than knee and hip osteoarthritis. Few effective nonsurgical ...interventions exist, but platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections are widely used, with some evidence of efficacy in knee osteoarthritis.
To determine the effect of PRP injections on symptoms and function in patients with ankle osteoarthritis.
A multicenter, block-randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial performed at 6 sites in the Netherlands that included 100 patients with pain greater than 40 on a visual analog scale (range, 0-100) and tibiotalar joint space narrowing. Enrollment began on August 24, 2018, and follow-up was completed on December 3, 2020.
Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 2 ultrasonography-guided intra-articular injections of either PRP (n = 48) or placebo (saline; n = 52).
The primary outcome was the validated American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score (range, 0-100; higher scores indicate less pain and better function; minimal clinically important difference, 12 points) over 26 weeks.
Among 100 randomized patients (mean age, 56 years; 45 45% women), no patients were lost to follow-up for the primary outcome. Compared with baseline values, the mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score improved by 10 points in the PRP group (from 63 to 73 points 95% CI, 6-14; P < .001) and 11 points in the placebo group (from 64 to 75 points 95% CI, 7-15; P < .001). The adjusted between-group difference over 26 weeks was -1 (95% CI, -6 to 3; P = .56). One serious adverse event was reported in the placebo group, which was unrelated to the intervention; there were 13 other adverse events in the PRP group and 8 in the placebo group.
Among patients with ankle osteoarthritis, intra-articular PRP injections, compared with placebo injections, did not significantly improve ankle symptoms and function over 26 weeks. The results of this study do not support the use of PRP injections for ankle osteoarthritis.
Netherlands Trial Register: NTR7261.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) are being used increasingly in horses to enhance regeneration in tissues that have poor natural healing capabilities. Numerous ...APC systems, which are based on different preparation techniques and were originally developed for human patients, are now routinely used in equine cases. However, preliminary process validation and adequate in vitro biochemical characterisation of most of these systems do not exist for horses. OBJECTIVES: To compare haematological findings and growth factor concentrations of equine APCs obtained with 4 commercially available systems and a noncommercial double‐centrifugation technique. STUDY DESIGN: Nonrandomised in vitro experiment. METHODS: Blood samples from 6 horses were processed to produce APCs using one equine‐specific filtration‐based and 4 different centrifugation‐based techniques. Platelet, leucocyte, platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB and transforming growth factor‐β₁concentrations were measured in all APCs, and their respective enrichment factors were compared. RESULTS: Mean platelet concentration increased in all systems in comparison to baseline; however, the mean enrichment factor, which ranged from 130% to 527% depending on the APC, was statistically significant in only 2 products. One method reduced total leucocyte counts to 9% of the baseline value, while the others had a mean fold increase varying from 116 to 663% of the baseline. Differential leucocyte count also differed between the products. Moreover, the various systems had significantly different mean growth factor enrichments (184–1255% for platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB and 93–560% for transforming growth factor‐β₁). CONCLUSIONS: Haematological and biochemical characteristics varied markedly among 5 techniques used in the field to produce APCs in horses. These discrepancies could have an impact on clinical outcomes, and further studies are needed to determine their influence on the quality of tissue regeneration. Clinicians should not rely on the manufacturers’ data relating to human patients to select the most appropriate method for horses.
Introduction: In the knee joint are two menisci, which are fibrocartilaginous structures. The tears of the meniscus are one of the most common injuries within knee. Arthroscopy with suturing of torn ...or menisectomy are the most popular methods of treatment, however in long term observation menisectomy often results in osteoarthritis 10-20 years after surgery. For this reason, less invasive treatment methods are being sought, such as platelet-rich plasma injections. Platelet-rich plasma has many growth factors, which stimulates healing.
Objective: The aim of this study is to review latest the literature on the use of platelet-rich plasma injections in the patients with meniscus tears.
Material and methods: A literature review was conducted on databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using the terms: ”meniscus”, “meniscus tear”, “platelet-rich plasma”, “platelet-rich plasma injections”, “meniscus injuries treatment’.
Conclusions: The injuries of meniscus are very common, and often must be treated by arthroscopy. Platelet-rich plasma has a positive impact on tissue healing. Platelet-rich plasma injuries in the patients with meniscal tears repair lead to improve healing rates compare with patients without PRP injections, but there is no guidelines and further studies are necessary.
The complex biology of platelets and their involvement in tissue repair and inflammation have inspired the development of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapies for a broad array of medical needs. ...However, clinical advances are hampered by the fact that PRP products, doses and treatment protocols are far from being standardized. Freeze-drying PRP (FD-PRP) preserves platelet function, cytokine concentration and functionality, and has been proposed as a consistent method for product standardization and fabrication of an off-the-shelf product with improved stability and readiness for future uses. Here, we present the current state of experimental and clinical FD-PRP research in the different medical areas in which PRP has potential to meet prevailing medical needs. A systematic search, according to PRISMA (Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, showed that research is mostly focused on wound healing, i.e., developing combination products for ulcer management. Injectable hydrogels are investigated for lumbar fusion and knee conditions. In dentistry, combination products permit slow kinetics of growth factor release and functionalized membranes for guided bone regeneration.
Age‐induced erectile dysfunction (ED) is a convoluted medical condition, and restoring erectile function (EF) under geriatric conditions is highly complicated. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) treatment is ...an inexpensive cell‐based therapeutic strategy. We have aimed to restore EF in aged‐ED rats with PRP as a therapeutic tool. Male rats were grouped into aged and young according to age. The young rats were considered as normal control (NC) and treated with saline. Aged were further divided into 2 groups and treated with intracavernous (IC) PRP and saline. Treatment was scheduled at the 9th and 10th week for NC and 41th and 42th week for aged‐ED rats, with EF analysis scheduled on the 12th week for NC and 44th week for aged‐ED rats, respectively. Erectile response, immunofluorescence staining, and electron microscopic analyses were performed. IC PRP treatment effectively reduced prostate hyperplasia (PH). EF response indicated a significant increase in crucial EF parameters in PRP‐treated aged‐ED rats. Histological evidence denoted a rigid and restored development of tunica adventitia of the dorsal artery, decreased vacuolation of the dorsal penile nerve, and structural expansion of the epineurium. Masson's trichrome and immunostaining results affirmed an elevated expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) in the corpus cavernosum (CC). Ultrastructure findings revealed that PRP effectively rejuvenated degenerating nerves, preserved endothelium and adherent junctions of corporal smooth muscle, and restored the axonal scaffolds by upregulating neurofilament‐H (NF‐H) expression. Finally, PRP enhanced neural stability by enhancing the axonal remyelination processes in aged‐ED rats. Hence, PRP treatment was proven to restore EF in aged‐ED rats, which was considered a safe, novel, cost‐effective, and hassle‐free strategy for EF restoration in geriatric patients.
Eight‐weeks‐old young rats and 40‐weeks‐old aged rats were taken for the study. Young rats possess normal prostate glands with good erectile function (EF). Aged rats had prostate hyperplasia (PH) and severe erectile dysfunction (ED). It showed the decrease of corporal smooth muscle and vacuolation of dorsal penial nerve and reduction of neurofilament‐H (NF‐H) expression. The cavernous nerve (CN) showed the demyelination axon. A couple of doses with intracavernous injection (IC) of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) revert all the harmful effects and restored EF in the aged‐ED rats.
Purpose
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has become a novel treatment in various aspects of medicine including orthopedics, cardiothoracic surgery, plastic surgery, dermatology, dentistry, and diabetic ...wound healing. PRP is now starting to become an area of interest in reproductive medicine more specifically focusing on infertility. Poor ovarian reserve, menopause, premature ovarian failure, and thin endometrium have been the main areas of research. The aim of this article is to review the existing literature on the effects of autologous PRP in reproductive medicine providing a summation of the current studies and assessing the need for additional research.
Methods
A literature search is performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL Plus to identify studies focusing on the use of PRP therapy in reproductive medicine. Articles were divided into 3 categories: PRP in thin lining, PRP in poor ovarian reserve, and PRP in recurrent implantation failure.
Results
In women with thin endometrium, the literature shows an increase in endometrial thickness and increase in chemical and clinical pregnancy rates following autologous PRP therapy. In women with poor ovarian reserve, autologous intraovarian PRP therapy increased anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels and decreased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), with a trend toward increasing clinical and live birth rates. This trend was also noted in women with recurrent implantation failure.
Conclusions
Limited literature shows promise in increasing endometrial thickness, increasing AMH, and decreasing FSH levels, as well as increasing chemical and clinical pregnancy rates. The lack of standardization of PRP preparation along with the lack of large randomized controlled trials needs to be addressed in future studies. Until definitive large RCTs are available, PRP use should be considered experimental.
Diabetic wound healing remains a major challenge due to its vulnerability to bacterial infection, as well as the less vascularization and prolonged inflammatory phase. In this study, we developed a ...hydrogel system for the treatment of chronic infected wounds, which can regulate inflammatory (through the use of antimicrobial peptides) and enhance collagen deposition and angiogenesis (through the addition of platelet-rich plasma (PRP)). Based on the formation of Schiff base linkage, the ODEX/HA-AMP/PRP hydrogel was prepared by mixing oxidized dextran (ODEX), antimicrobial peptide-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-AMP) and PRP under physiological conditions, which exhibited obvious inhibition zones against three pathogenic bacterial strains (E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa) and slow release ability of antimicrobials and growth factors. Moreover, CCK-8, live/dead fluorescent staining and scratch test confirmed that ODEX/HA-AMP/PRP hydrogel could facilitate the proliferation and migration of L929 fibroblast cells. More importantly, in vivo experiments further demonstrated that the prepared hydrogels could significantly improve wound healing in a diabetic mouse infection by regulating inflammation, accelerating collagen deposition and angiogenesis. In addition, prepared hydrogel showed a significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, inhibited pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), enhanced anti-inflammatory factors (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production. The findings of this study suggested that the composite hydrogel with AMP and PRP controlled release ability could be used as a promising candidate for chronic wound healing and infection-related wound healing.
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