Knowledge about the 5′ regulatory region variation of candidate genes may help to improve breeding and preserve genetic diversity in ruminant species and reveal insights about their evolutionary ...history. Cis-regulatory regions of candidate genes involved in lipid metabolism and related to energy homeostasis were sequenced in 3 Bos taurus breeds and 1 Bos indicus breed to identify potentially functional polymorphism in non-coding regions. Searching for promoter variability in Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN), Stearoyl-CoADesaturase (SCD), Perilipin (PLIN), Glycerol-3 phosphate acyltransferase mitochondrial (GPAM) and Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), 42 polymorphisms were found. Forty one of them were reported for the first time in B. taurus and B. indicus species. Through in silico analysis we noticed that many of them fall within putative binding sites for transcription factors closely involved in the regulation of the expression of adipogenic genes.
A higher nucleotide diversity was found in B. indicus for FASN, SCD, PLIN and MC4R, whereas GPAM was the only more polymorphic promoter in B. taurus. The lower diversity in the B. taurus breeds may reflect their population history with a stronger selection pressure for some economic and productive traits. Alternatively, the ancestors of the indicine breed may have had a high genetic diversity. This research underlines the significance of local breeds for preserving genetic diversity for a sustainable agriculture. The domestication history of ruminant species and the critical role of the analyzed genes in lipid metabolic processes, make these putatively regulatory polymorphisms important targets in breeding and in genetic diversity studies.
Republika Hrvatska želi hrvatskim građanima i hrvatskom gospodarstvu omogućiti kvalitetnu, sigurnu, dostupnu i dostatnu opskrbu energijom. Kako bi ostvarila navedeni cilj, odlučila se na ...iskorištavanje sunčeve energije i energije ukapljenog prirodnog plina. U ovom znanstvenom radu, autori razmatraju prednosti i nedostatke spomenutih izvora energije, analizirajući pritom relevantne pravne propise. Naposljetku, iznose svoje mišljenje o utjecaju ovih energenata na okoliš s posebnim osvrtom na Jadransko more.
Republika Hrvatska želi hrvatskim građanima i hrvatskom gospodarstvu omogućiti kvalitetnu, sigurnu, dostupnu i dostatnu opskrbu energijom. Kako bi ostvarila navedeni cilj, odlučila se na ...iskorištavanje sunčeve energije i energije ukapljenog prirodnog plina. U ovom znanstvenom radu, autori razmatraju prednosti i nedostatke spomenutih izvora energije, analizirajući pritom relevantne pravne propise. Naposljetku, iznose svoje mišljenje o utjecaju ovih energenata na okoliš s posebnim osvrtom na Jadransko more.
Obesity is linked to adipose tissue hypertrophy (increased adipocyte cell size) and hyperplasia (increased cell number). Comparative analyses of gene datasets allowed us to identify 1426 genes which ...may represent common adipose phenotype in humans and mice. Among them we identified several adipocyte-specific genes dysregulated in obese adipose tissue, involved in either fatty acid storage (acyl CoA synthase ACSL1, hormone-sensitive lipase LIPE, aquaporin 7 AQP7, perilipin PLIN) or cell adhesion (fibronectin FN1, collagens COL1A1, COL1A3, metalloprotein MMP9, or both (scavenger receptor FAT/CD36). Using real-time analysis of cell surface occupancy on xCELLigence system we developed a new method to study lipid uptake and differentiation of mouse 3T3L1 fibroblasts and human adipose stem cells. Both processes are regulated by insulin and fatty acids such as oleic acid. We showed that fatty acid addition to culture media increased the differentiation rate and was required for full differentiation into unilocular adipocytes. Significant activation of lipogenesis, i.e. lipid accumulation, by either insulin or oleic acid was monitored in times ranging from 1 to 24 h, depending on differentiation state, whereas significant effects on adipogenesis, i.e., surperimposed lipid accumulation and gene transcriptional regulations were measured after 3 to 4 d. Combination of selected times for analysis of lipid contents, cell counts, size fractionations, and gene transcriptional regulations showed that FAT/CD36 specific inhibitor AP5258 significantly increased cell survival of oleic acid-treated mouse and human adipocytes, and partially restored the transcriptional response to oleic acid in the presence of insulin through JNK pathway. Taken together, these data open new perspectives to study the molecular mechanisms commonly dysregulated in mouse and human obesity at the level of lipogenesis linked to hypertrophy and adipogenesis linked to hyperplasia.
To explore the effect of the interaction between PLIN gene polymorphisms and open lifestyle intervention on weight-loss in Chinese Han adults.
Totally 109 overweight or obese subjects were assigned ...by random number table to the intervention group (n=56) or control group (n=53),and subjects in the intervention group received 22-week open lifestyle intervention. Anthropometric and metabolic indicators were measured for all subjects before and after intervention,and the PLIN1,PLIN4,and PLIN6 genotypes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced through the first-generation sequencing technologies.
Among all these subjects,the rare allele C was dominant at PLIN1 (0.619),the common allele G was dominant at PLIN4 (0.606),and the common allele A was dominant at PLIN6 (0.564),in which PLIN1 and PLIN4 as well as PLIN4 and PLIN6 were in strong linkage disequilibrium (D'>0.9). After intervention,the body mass index,waist circumference,and body fat percent of female subjects were significantly decreased in
Obesity is a disorder of energy balance. Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) mediates the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol, the major form of stored energy in the body. Perilipin (encoded by the gene Plin), ...an adipocyte protein, has been postulated to modulate HSL activity. We show here that targeted disruption of Plin results in healthy mice that have constitutively activated fat-cell HSL. Plin -/- mice consume more food than control mice, but have normal body weight. They are much leaner and more muscular than controls, have 62% smaller white adipocytes, show elevated basal lipolysis that is resistant to beta -adrenergic agonist stimulation, and are cold-sensitive except when fed. They are also resistant to diet-induced obesity. Breeding the Plin -/- alleles into Lepr super(db/db) mice reverses the obesity by increasing the metabolic rate of the mice. Our results demonstrate a role for perilipin in reining in basal HSL activity and regulating lipolysis and energy balance; thus, agents that inactivate perilipin may prove useful as anti-obesity medications.
Objective: Perilipin (PLIN) is a class of protein-coating lipid droplets in adipocytes. We aimed to examine the association between common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at PLIN locus with ...circulating free fatty acid (FFA) and abdominal fat distribution in response to weight loss. Methods: Non-diabetic/overweight-obese Koreans (n=177) participated in a 12-week calorie restriction (-300kcal/day) program. Seven SNPs (6209T>C, 10076C>G, 10171A>T, 11482G>A, 13042A>G, 13048C>T and 14995A>T), abdominal fat areas (visceral/subcutaneous fat areas at 1st lumbar and 4th lumbar levels), serum lipids, glucose, insulin, FFA, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 (PGF2) were examined. Results: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms 10076C>G/10171A>T showed the strongest positive linkage disequilibrium (LD) (D'=0.923, R 2=0.839, P<0.001) and SNPs11482G>A/14995A>T showed moderate positive LD (D'=0.824, R 2=0.578, P<0.001). Calorie restriction induced 4.6% weight loss with significant abdominal fat reduction. In response to weight loss, subjects with nCA/nCA haplotypes at SNPs 10076C>G/10171A>T showed greater reduction in FFA levels than those with CA/CA haplotype (CA/CA: C/C at SNP 10076 and A/A at SNP 10171, nCA: non-CA haplotype carrier). On the other hand, subjects with nGA/nGA haplotype at SNPs 11482G>A/14995A>T had increased FFA levels with a rapid loss in abdominal fat, whereas GA/GA haplotype carriers had reduction in FFA levels. These results still remained significant after adjusting for age, gender and BMI. Prostaglandin F2alpha and oxidized LDL were also more reduced in GA/GA haplotype carriers than in nGA haplotype carriers. This effect remained significant after adjusting for baseline level, age, gender and BMI. Paradoxically, nGA haplotype carriers had increased levels of urinary PGF2alpha after weight reduction. Conclusion: Fasting plasma FFA changes following a modest weight loss in overweight-obese subjects are influenced by the genetic variability at the PLIN locus. Furthermore, circulating FFA changes rather than body fat itself may determine changes in lipid peroxides such as urinary PGF2alpha and oxidized LDL.
Gospodarski oporavak nakon korona-krize izazvao je poremećaj u globalnim lancima opskrbe i eksplozivan rast cijena energenata na globalnom tržištu koji mnogi uspoređuju s naftnim šokom u razdoblju od ...1973. do 1974. godine. Kako bi zaštitili krajnje potrošače, većina zemalja EU razmatra uvođenje različitih mjera pomoći, od čega se snižavanje stopa PDV-a ističe kao jedna od mjera. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti u kojoj bi mjeri smanjenje stope PDV-a na prirodni plin i električnu energiju u Hrvatskoj moglo doprinijeti stabilizaciji cijena energenata, posebno kada se s 1. travnja 2022. godine očekuje porast cijene plina za kućanstva. U tu svrhu analizira se kretanje cijena energenata prilikom prethodnih smanjenja stope PDV-a u Hrvatskoj, Grčkoj, Portugalu i Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu. Na temelju kretanja cijena cijene plina i električne energije u navedenim zemljama neposredno prije i nakon promjene stope PDV-a, može se zaključiti da bi smanjenje stope PDV-a moglo djelovati na stabilizaciju cijene energenata u Hrvatskoj. Međutim, sa sniženim stopama PDV-a treba postupati izrazito oprezno jer takvi zaključci ne vrijede i za cijene koje se formiraju slobodno na tržištu. U brojnim istraživanjima do sada pokazalo se da je prijenos sniženih stopa PDV-a na potrošačke cijene nepotpun. Snižene stope PDV-a, osim što nisu učinkovit instrument redistribucijske politike, narušavaju tržišnu alokaciju resursa te uzrokuju značajan gubitak proračunskih prihoda.
The perilipin (PLIN) gene is a candidate gene of carcass and fat traits in ducks. In order to study the molecular character of the PLIN gene and its function in different breeds of Chinese ducks, ...samples were obtained from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Research Center for Birds, including 95 Peking ducks of the Z2 series, 91 Peking ducks of the Z4 series, 82 hybrid systems (Z2 x Z4), and 93 Cherry Valley ducks. We used RT-PCR and 3'-RACE to clone the duck PLIN gene, detect SNPs and analyze their associations with carcass and fat traits. A 2212-bp sequence was cloned with the complete coding region and a 3'-untranslated region. We found a nucleotide mutation (C → T) in exon 2 of the PLIN gene. There were no significant correlations between the 3 genotypes (CC, CT, TT) in breast muscle weight (BMW), leg muscle weight (LMW), subcutaneous fat weight (SFW), and intramuscular fat (IMF) in the Cherry Valley duck. The CC and CT genotypes had significant differences in carcass weight (CW), carcass net weight (CNW), and percentage of abdominal fat weight (AFW); there were significant differences in AFW and percentage of SFW. In Z4, there were no significant correlations between the 3 genotypes (TT, CC, and CT) in CW, BMW, LMW, SFW, AFW, the percentage of SFW and AFW, and IMF. CNW was significantly different between TT, CC, and CT genotypes. In Z2 x Z4, there were no significant correlations between the 3 genotypes in CW, BMW, LMW, SFW, AFW, the percentage of SFW and AFW, and IMF, while the CC and CT genotypes had significant differences in CNW. In Z2, there were no significant differences between the 3 genotypes in all traits. We deduced that the PLIN gene is a potential major gene. It is linked to a major gene affecting meat quality traits. This SNP has potential as a molecular marker for marker-assisted selection.
Unatoč sve većem udjelu energije dobivene iz obnovljivih izvora u ukupnoj strukturi potrošnje energije, prirodni plin ostaje vrlo važna komponenta u energetskoj bilanci. Ukapljeni prirodni plin ima ...sve veću ulogu u globalnoj energetskoj strukturi, između ostalog i iz razloga što je prepoznat kao tranzicijski energent na putu prema potpunom prestanku korištenja fosilnih goriva. Uspješnim završetkom izgradnje terminala za prihvat, skladištenje i otpremu UPP-a na otoku Krku, koji je 1. siječnja 2021. pušten u komercijalni rad, Republika Hrvatska je ostvarila strateški nacionalni prioritet u osiguravanju sigurnosti opskrbe plinom. Terminal za UPP značajno utječe na diversifikaciju dobavnih pravaca i omogućava opskrbljivačima prirodnim plinom u Republici Hrvatskoj i susjednim zemljama dobavu prirodnog plina iz izvora iz koji su do sada bili nedostupni regionalnom tržištu. Samim time značajno se izmijenila geostrateška pozicija Hrvatske kao poveznice prema tržištima ovog dijela Europe.
PDF
