This article studies the disagreements in the leadership of the Azerbaijan SSR in the 1920s and the effect of these contradictions on the political and economic life of the republic. The research ...material is historical documents and historical and theoretical literature. The research topic is relevant, as it provides undeniable historical facts about the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan. For the first time, the article analyzes the historical events of those times from the point of view of modern historical events they are interconnected with. It also examines the status of the Azerbaijani language in such a difficult historical period. In the course of the research, the historical-descriptive method and the method of historical analysis were used. As a result of the study, it was revealed that in 1920 intra-government disagreements and disputes began with the creation of the Soviet government between nationalist-minded forces and the Bolshevik forces of Armenian origin emissaries of Moscow. This strife ended in the defeat of the Azerbaijani national communists due to the unequal distribution of forces. Thus, the Central Bolshevik government and its Baku emissaries of non-Azerbaijani origin removed the obstacles that contradicted their policy in Azerbaijan and began to implement in full force the chauvinist national policy under the veil of international philosophy. Summing up, the author points out the causes of strife and disagreement among the authorities of Azerbaijan in the 1920s. He notes that these reasons were negligence and disrespect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, wealth, language, religion and national traditions, peasants and intellectuals of Azerbaijan. This attitude was also observed in the field of economic issues. This study's presented materials and conclusions can be useful for historians and further research in this direction.
ROMANIA AFTER THE FIRST WORLD WAR FACED A NEW DIFFERENT REALITY. IT DOUBLED ITS POPULATION AND TERRITORY BY JOINING TRANSYLVANIA, BESSARABIA AND BUCOVINA AND GRANTED THE RIGHT TO UNIVERSAL, DIRECT ...AND SECRET VOTE TO MEN. THESE THREE NEW COORDINATES MEANT TAKING STEPS TO MEET THE NEW INTERNAL AND INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS. THUS, ROMANIA ADOPTED A NEW CONSTITUTION IN 1923, WHICH REPRESENTED A HUGE STEP IN ITS MODERNIZTION PROCESS.
When Canada was created it debated if it was best to seek political solidarity by creating a single political identity or was it wiser to build a citizenship that made space for all communities. This ...article argues there was no attempt to unite Canadians around a single national loyalty but only to join an array of diverse communities whose members might adopt a shared citizenship. Since 1867, Canada has adopted different approaches to creating citizenship to maintain political solidarity. Diversity has been an integral part of that narrative.
Sources of law concerning liability for physical defects of animals in pre-revolutionary and 19th French law – including local customary laws, droit commun, and subsequent normative acts – as well as ...the literature in the field of veterinary sciences were analyzed and interpreted. It was ascertained that the local customary laws which pertained to the warranty for major defects of selected animal species (primarily horses as well as other equidae, cattle, sheep) had existed throughout France and had also been included in the so-called pays de droit écrit. Buyers’ rights were disproportionately limited, primarily by the existence of a closed catalogue of defects, short deadlines, exclusion of the possibility of price reduction, and the limitation of redhibition. Only a few latent defects were distinguished whose numerous names and scope, as well as the temporal rules, were irrational, anachronistic, and incompatible with the veterinary knowledge. These regulations were applied (contra legem) in judicial practice after the Napoleonic Code came into force, and they were subsequently adopted, virtually unchanged, by later legislation.
“Modern slavery,” a term used to describe severe forms of labor exploitation, is beginning to spark growing interest within business and society research. As a novel phenomenon, it offers potential ...for innovative theoretical and empirical pathways to a range of business and management research questions. And yet, development into what we might call a “field” of modern slavery research in business and management remains significantly, and disappointingly, underdeveloped. To explore this, we elaborate on the developments to date, the potential drawbacks, and the possible future deviations that might evolve within six subdisciplinary areas of business and management. We also examine the value that nonmanagement disciplines can bring to research on modern slavery and business, examining the connections, critiques, and catalysts evident in research from political science, law, and history. These, we suggest, offer significant potential for building toward a more substantial subfield of research.
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