Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) spread across Europe and other regions is becoming a serious health and economic threat. A pot experiment was conducted in 2011 to determine effect of ...various nitrogen (N) (10, 100 kg/ha) and water supply regime on resource use efficiency of ragweed. Ragweed plants increased their dry matter production with increased water and N availability. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was decreased with N addition and was not influenced by water availability. Mean nitrogen residence time (MRT) was longer at low N and water levels. In contrast, nitrogen productivity (NP), NUE and water use efficiency (WUE) were all increased with enhanced water supply. A trade-off between parameters of NUE was attributed to differential response of NP and MRT to soil fertility and water supply. Our results confirmed that ragweed displayed high adaptation to unproductive sites. However, ragweed's greater plasticity in response to water availability compared to N availability suggest, that water supply plays important role in its invasion success and in combination with disturbance ragweed might further spread into more productive environments.
Pelinolistna ambrozija (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) postaja s svojim nezadržnim širjenjem po Evropi in drugih regijah sveta resen ekonomski in zdravstveni problem. Za določitev učinkovitosti izrabe virov je bil v letu 2011 zasnovan lončni poskus z dvema obravnavanjema z dušikom (N) (10 in 100 kg/ha) in vodo (veliko, malo vode). Pelinolistna ambrozija je povečala produkcijo suhe mase pri večjih odmerkih dušika in vode. Učinkovitost izrabe dušika (NUE) se je pri večjem odmerku dušika statistično značilno zmanjšala, preskrba z vodo pa ni imela vpliv na NUE. Srednji čas zadrževanja dušika v rastlini (MRT) je bil daljši pri manjših odmerkih dušika in manj vode. Nasprotno so se produktivnost dušika (NP), NUE in učinkovitost izrabe vode (WUE) pri večji dostopnosti vode povečali. Kompromis med faktorji NUE je bil pripisan različnemu odzivu NP in MRT na preučevane dejavnike dušika in vode, pri čemer je bil odziv pelinolistne ambrozije pri različnih odmerkih vode bolj plastičen v primerjavi z različnimi odmerki dušika. Naši rezultati so potrdili, da je pelinolistna ambrozija prilagojena na neproduktivna rastišča, vendar nakazujejo, da ima voda velik vpliv pri invazivnem uspehu pelinolistne ambrozije in bi se, glede na izkazano plastičnost, v motenih okoljih lahko razširila tudi v bolj produktivna rastišča.
In 2009, three Slovenian strains of entomopathogenic nematodes) and commercial product Entonem (active ingredient S. feltiae), were tested under laboratory conditions for their activity against adult ...cereal leaf beetles (Oulema melanopus). The nematode strains were tested at four different doses (250, 500, 1000, and 2000 infective juveniles/adult) and at three temperatures (15, 20, and 25 °C). Steinernema carpocapsae strain C101 was the most effective and showed itself to be a good alternative to chemical insecticides, and appears to have the highest potential for controlling overwintered cereal leaf beetles under field conditions. In our bioassay the temperature had the greatest influence on the efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematode strains; both S. feltiae treatments (strain B30 and Entonem) proved to work better at the lowest temperature, however the strain H. bacteriophora D54 had its best efficacy at the highest temperature in the experiment. Several species (S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae) have been efficient at lower suspension concentrations, which enables their economical usage against the cereal leaf beetle in integrated cereal production in the future.
V letu 2009 smo v laboratorijskem poskusu preizkušali učinkovitost treh domačih ras entomopatogenih ogorčic in komercialnega pripravka Entonem (aktivna snov S. feltiae) zoper odrasle osebke rdečega žitnega strgača (Oulema melanopus). Delovanje entomopatogenih ogorčic smo preizkušali pri štirih različnih koncentracijah (250, 500, 1000 in 2000 infektivnih ličink/osebek) in treh različnih temperaturah (15, 20 in 25 °C). Rasa C101 vrste Steinernema carpocapsae je bila najbolj učinkovita in bi lahko predstavljala dobro alternativo kemičnim insekticidom pri zatiranju prezimljenih odraslih osebkov rdečega žitnega strgača na prostem. V našem poskusu je imela največji vpliv na delovanje entomopatogenih ogorčic temperatura; obe obravnavanji z vrsto S. feltiae (rasa B30 in Entonem) sta bili učinkoviti tudi pri nižjih temperaturah, rasa D54 vrste H. bacteriophora pa je najbolje delovala pri najvišji temperaturi v poskusu. Ogorčici S. feltiae in S. carpocapsae sta zadovoljivo učinkovali tudi pri nižji koncentraciji suspenzije ogorčic, kar omogoča večjo gospodarnost rabo njihove uporabe pri zatiranju odraslih osebkov rdečega žitnega strgača v integrirani pridelavi žit v prihodnje.
Paper presents a larval cannibalism of green lacewings (Chrysoperla carnea), which was observed during the laboratory bioassay on non-target effect of entomopathogenic nematodes against green ...lacewings larvae. The most probable reason for larval cannibalism were undersized Petri dishes in which the bioassay was performed. Due to large number of larvae per surface unit, frequent crossing of green lacewings larvae appeared and this consequently lead to cannibalism. In most cases larger, elder larvae consumed smaller, younger larvae. Cannibalism increased with temperature rise and was the most intensive at 25 °C. At this temperature the larval mortality was 22.0 % after two days, while after four days the larval mortality reached 31.0 %.
V prispevku je predstavljen kanibalizem med ličinkami navadne tenčičarice (Chrysoperla carnea), ki se je pojavil pri laboratorijskem preučevanju neciljnega delovanja entomopatogenih ogorčic na ličinke omenjenega naravnega sovražnika. Najverjetnejši vzrok za pojav kanibalizma so bile premajhne petrijevke, v katerih je potekal poskus. Zaradi velikega števila ličink navadne tenčičarice na enoto površine, je prišlo do pogostega srečevanja ličink in posledično do kanibalizma. V večini primerov so ličinke višjega larvalnega stadija pojedle manjše ličinke. Kanibalizem se je povečeval z višanjem temperature in je bil najbolj intenziven pri 25 °C, kjer je bila smrtnost ličink dva dni po začetku poskusa 22,0 %, po štirih dneh pa 31,0 %.
In 2008 and 2009 we studied molluscicidal activity of 26 substances in 89 different treatments under laboratory conditions. The experiments in which slugs (Arion spp.) were a part took place in two ...series: 1) with the injection of active substances in slug intestines; and 2) with the application of pellets. After giving the injection we observed 100% mortality of slugs in treatments with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (0.25 ml in 10% concentration/individual), caffeine (0.25 ml in 10% concentration/individual), sodium dodecyl sulphate (0.25 ml in 10% concentration/individual, 0.125 ml in 10% concentration/individual, 0.125 ml in 5% concentration/individual, 0.0625 ml in 10% concentration/individual), and pirimicarb (0.25 ml in 10% concentration/individual, 0.125 ml in 10% concentration/individual, 0.125 ml in 5% concentration/individual, 0.0625 ml in 10% concentration/individual). Meanwhile, the application of pellets resulted in the highest (100%) slug mortality when sodium dodecyl sulphate in 0.5% concentration with caraway as a supplement was used.
Z V letih 2008 in 2009 smo v laboratorijskih razmerah preizkušali limacidno delovanje 26 snovi v 89 različnih obravnavanjih. Poskusi, v katere smo vključili polže lazarje (Arion spp.), so potekali v dveh serijah, in sicer z injiciranjem aktivne snovi v prebavilo polžev in z uporabo pelet. Pri injiciranju smo 100 % smrtnost polžev ugotovili v obravnavanju z bakterijo Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (0,25 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek), kofeinom (0,25 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek), natrijevim dodecil sulfatom (0,25 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek; 0,125 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek; 0,125 ml v 5 % koncentraciji/osebek; 0,0625 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek), in pirimikarbom (0,25 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek; 0,125 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek; 0,125 ml v 5 % koncentraciji/osebek; 0,0625 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek), medtem ko smo največjo (100 %) smrtnost polžev pri uporabi pelet dosegli z natrijevim dodecil sulfatom v 0,5 % koncentraciji z dodatkom kumine.
Na sektorju za hidrologijo Agencije Republike Slovenije za okolje (ARSO) na območju Bohinja izvajamo opazovanja na Savici v Ukancu, na Mostnici v Stari Fužini, na Savi Bohinjki pri Svetem Janezu, na ...Bistrici v Bohinjski Bistrici ter na Bohinjskem jezeru pri Svetem Duhu. Podatke meritev preverjamo in usklajujemo z meteorološkimi pri vodni bilanci. V podporo našim rednim meritvam izvajamo tudi sledilne poskuse. Dva, ki smo ju izvedli na območju Bohinja, sta skupaj z rezultati bilance potrdila, da vodozbirnih zaledij tukajšnjih v.p. ne moremo obravnavati ločeno.
In the period 2003-2006 we have performed block trials with two flax (Linum usitatissimum) cultivars: RBK cultivar (domestic flax population from Raztresen farm in Bela Krajina) and Laura cultivar ...(fibre-type-flax from the Common Catalogue of EU). The trial was carried out at the Experimental Field at the Biotechnical Faculty of Ljubljana (Slovenia). The two cultivars were sown in the first decade of April with manual sowing machine to the row spacing of 8.5 cm, 17 cm and 34 cm. Crop care was traditional. The plants were plucked at the end of the yellow maturity (the last decade of July). There was no significant difference between the average yields of stems produced at the row spacing of 8.5 cm (1.92 t/ha) and 17 cm (1.99 t/ha), but significantly the lowest yield was reached at the row spacing of 34 cm (1.52 t/ha). In the period of 4 years the average yield of stems that was reached by the RBK cultivar was 1.83 t/ha, and the one reached by the Laura cultivar was unsignificantly lower (1.79 t/ha). Compared to the average yield of the flaxseed from both cultivars produced at the row spacing of 8.5 cm (1.34 t/ha) and 34 cm (1.01 t/ha), the average yield of the seeds obtained from the 17 cm row spacing was significantly the highest (1.52 t/ha); for 0.11 t seed/ha the RBK cultivar (1.35 t/ha) was significntly more productive than the Laura cultivar. The influence of growing conditions to the yield of stems and seed was most favourable in the year of the drought (2003), when - with the cultivar RBK and at the row spacing of 17 cm - we produced significantly the highest quantity of stems (2.64 t/ha) and seeds (1.93 t/ha). We discovered that the unbranched stem of the RBK cultivar corresponds to the fibre-type-flax, the hight of plants (50 to 60 cm), absolute mass (6.3 to 6.8 g) and the yield of the seed (above 1 t/ha) show good biological capability for the seed production. Production and processing of flax should not remain just an attractive cultural and historical presentation of this activity at some turist farms in Bela Krajina (JV of Slovenia); it should also present a challenge to young farmers to find the place for this crop in organic production of food and other raw materials with the use of mechanisation and modern technological procedures. The production and processing of flax presents the possibility for increased biotic diversity of the cultural landscape and revitalization of rural areas.
Na poskusnem polju Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani (Slovenija) so bili v obdobju 2003-2006 izvedeni bločni poljski poskusi s kultivarjema lanu (Linum usitatissimum L.) RBK (domača populacija lanu s kmetije Raztresen v Beli Krajini) in Laura (vlaknati tip lanu iz Skupnega kataloga kultivarjev poljščin EU). Lan je bil v vseh letih posejan v prvi dekadi aprila z ročno sejalnico na medvrstni razmik 8,5 cm, 17 cm in 34 cm. Oskrba posevka je bila tradicionalna. Rastline smo populili konec rumene zrelosti (zadnja dekada julija). Med povprečnima pridelkoma stebel pri razmiku 8,5 cm (1,92 t/ha) in 17 cm (1,99 t/ha) ni bilo značilnih razlik, značilno najmanjši pridelek stebel pa je lan dosegel pri razmiku 34 cm (1,52 t/ha). Povprečni pridelek stebel v obdobju 4 let je pri kultivarju RBK znašal 1,83 t/ha, pri kultivarju Laura pa je bil neznačilno manjši, to je 1,79 t/ha. V primerjavi s povprečnim pridelkom semena obeh kultivarjev pri razmiku 8,5 cm (1,34 t/ha) in 34 cm (1,01 t/ha), je bil povprečni pridelek semena pri razmiku 17 cm značilno največji (1,52 t/ha); kultivar RBK (1,35 t/ha) je bil za 0,11 t semena/ha značilno produktivnejši od kultivarja Laura. Vpliv rastnih razmer na pridelek stebel in semena je bil najbolj ugoden v najbolj sušnem letu (2003), ko smo pri razmiku 17 cm s kultivarjem RBK pridelali značilno največ stebel (2,64 t/ha) in semena (1,93 t/ha). Ugotovili smo, da nerazvejeno steblo kultivarja RBK sicer ustreza vlaknatemu tipu lanu, višina rastlin (50 do 60 cm), absolutna masa (6,3 do 6,8 g) in pridelek semena (nad 1 t/ha) pa kažejo na dobro biološko zmogljivost za pridelavo semen. Pridelava in predelava lanu ne sme ostati le privlačen kulturno-zgodovinski prikaz te dejavnosti na nekaterih turističnih kmetijah v Beli Krajini (JV Slovenija), ampak tudi izziv za mlade, da s pomočjo mehaniziranih in sodobnih tehnoloških postopkov tej poljščini najdéjo mesto v ekološki pridelavi hrane in neprehranskih surovin. Navsezadnje je pridelava in predelava lanu možnost za večjo biotsko pestrost kulturne krajine in ohranjanje poseljenosti podeželja.
But the Hour Is Near Felperin, Leslie
Variety,
08/2004, Volume:
395, Issue:
13
Journal Article, Magazine Article
Directed by Juris Poskus. Camera (color, DV-to-35mm), Andrejs Rudzats, Peteris Tidrikis, Poskus, Oskars Poikans, Igors Stads, Aija Kudna, Peteris Cirulis, Eriks Punculs, Janis Eglitis; editors, ...Francis Vesin, Poikans; music, sound (stereo), Janis Brunovskis. Reviewed at Karlovy Vary Film Festival (competing), July 8, 2004. Running time: 86 MIN.
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