The business group of Peyek 3E is a home industry business which is managed in a simple by a group of housewives in downtown of Yogyakarta. The business is run to improve the family’s economy. Peyek ...is produced and packaged simply with simple tools so that it is oily and packaged in a simple way. The Peyek 3E business group is assisted to improve the quality of its production and expand marketing. This activity goes through 4 steps, namely preparation, implementation, evaluation, and reporting. The results of service activities can be seen from the production aspect and marketing aspects. From the production aspect, the resulting project is no longer oily. Business already has a business license and PIRT sertificate. Product packaging is more attractive, designed according to the packaging standards of the Department of Health. From the marketing aspect, products have been sold at convenience stores and online. Additionally, the sales turnover increased.
Countries in the Region of the Americas have been slow to adopt standardized packaging of tobacco products. The objectives of this analysis are to report on the progress made in adopting such ...packaging in countries in the Region, review known tobacco industry strategies for opposing these policies and discuss the resources available to academics, advocates and policy-makers who might be interested in advancing the use of standardized packaging in the Region. Of the 23 countries worldwide that have fully adopted standardized packaging laws, only 2 are in the Region (Canada and Uruguay). Six other countries (Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico and Panama) have tried to introduce standardized packaging through draft bills, all of which have been delayed or withdrawn. There are indications that the tobacco industry has used its playbook of arguments to oppose the policy in those countries, including allegations that standardized packaging breaches national laws and international treaties protecting intellectual property, alongside threats of litigation. It is possible that these threats and allegations may have had a greater effect in the Region because of the lengthy (6 years) and costly (legal fees of US$ 10 million) international investment arbitration brought by Philip Morris International against Uruguay’s strong tobacco packaging laws. However, all of the industry’s arguments have been debunked, and national courts and international legal forums have upheld standardized packaging as a lawful policy. Governments in the Region of the Americas should follow the examples of Canada and Uruguay and reject the industry’s false arguments and litigation threats. This analysis discusses some of the financial and technical resources that can assist them.
The article analyzes some dilemmas related to the implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, underscoring the States parties' difficulties in adopting public policies with proven ...cost-benefit and aimed at reducing tobacco's supply and demand. Specifically, the article examines the recommendation to adopt policies for plain cigarette packaging, as provided in the guidelines for implementation of the Convention's Articles 11 and 13. Based on case analysis, we identified political and legal factors that hinder the Convention's implementation, including the regulatory chill produced by legal claims filed by the tobacco industry, which uses investor-State arbitration clauses from bilateral investment agreements. The article concludes that despite the costs imposed on States and the delays in the adoption of such policies, in the medium and long term the rulings handed down by the arbitration courts and the World Trade Organization's Dispute Settlement Body can consolidate the understanding of the legality and effectiveness of policies that adopt the model.
To assess the adoption of tobacco packaging and labeling policies based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)'s Article 11 guidelines, in the WHO ...Region of the Americas (AMRO).
We reviewed tobacco control laws in AMRO from the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids' Tobacco Control Laws database. We analyzed four sub-policy areas for smoked and smokeless tobacco products: 1) health warning labels (HWLs), 2) constituents and emissions (C&Es), 3) misleading tobacco packaging and labeling, and 4) standardized "plain" packaging.
Of 35 countries in AMRO, 31 have tobacco packaging and labeling laws. Twenty-six countries require pictorial HWLs, 24 require warnings printed on at least 50% of the front and back of the packs, and 24 rotate a single or multiple (from 2 to 16) warnings within a specified period (from 5 up to 24 months). Only 21 countries require descriptive messages on toxic C&Es information. Twenty-seven countries ban brand descriptors with references to implied harm reduction (e.g., "light"), 24 ban figures, colors, and other signs, but only 13 prohibit emission yields printed on the packs. Only Canada and Uruguay have adopted standardized tobacco packaging while Uruguay also requires a single presentation (one brand variant) per brand family.
Many countries in AMRO have made good progress in adopting multiple, rotating, large pictorial HWLs and banning misleading brand descriptors. However, there needs to be greater attention on other tobacco packaging and labeling provisions with a focus on implementing standardized tobacco packaging.
Objectives.
To provide detailed information about how countries in the Region of the Americas are fulfilling the requirements set out in the guidelines for the implementation of Article 11 of the WHO ...Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in relation to the rotation of health warning labels and to identify possible challenges in the implementation of the laws or regulations governing the rotation.
Methods.
We first searched for and identified all the relevant laws or regulations pertaining to health warning labels on cigarette packs in 24 countries and territories in the Region of the Americas. We then analyzed these documents to see whether the requirements in the guidelines of the WHO Convention were being met, identifying similarities and differences across countries.
Results.
We found that the majority of countries (18/24) rotate the warning labels within the 12–36 month period recommended by the WHO Convention, and about half (13/24) have sets of 8 to 12 warning labels, thus complying with the additional regional guidance, which adds other stipulations. Across the Region, there is variability regarding transition periods between sets, which range from 1 to 6 months. In the majority of countries, the leading authority in charge of warnings is the Ministry of Health.
Conclusions.
Our analysis shows that even when countries’ laws meet the requirements of the WHO Convention, there are still challenges. Most countries’ laws require future legislation or regulations to be adopted before new iterations of warnings can come into effect. If legal instruments are not adopted in a timely fashion – which is occurring in many countries – new warning labels are not implemented on time, and message fatigue becomes a risk.
This report presents the conclusions reached and recommendations made by the members of the WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation at its fifth meeting, during which it reviewed two background ...papers specially commissioned for the meeting and which dealt, respectively, with the following two themes. 1. Devices designed for the purpose of nicotine delivery to the respiratory system in which tobacco is not necessary for their operation. 2. Setting regulatory limits for carcinogens in smokeless tobacco. The Study Group's recommendations in relation to each theme are set out at the end of the section dealing with that theme; its overall recommendations are summarized in section 4.
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