The ALLIANCE Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) for radioecology is a living document that defines a long-term vision (20 years) of the needs for, and implementation of, research in radioecology in ...Europe. The initial SRA, published in 2012, included consultation with a wide range of stakeholders (Hinton et al., 2013). This revised version is an update of the research strategy for identified research challenges, and includes a strategy to maintain and develop the associated required capacities for workforce (education and training) and research infrastructures and capabilities. Beyond radioecology, this SRA update constitutes a contribution to the implementation of a Joint Roadmap for radiation protection research in Europe (CONCERT, 2019a). This roadmap, established under the H2020 European Joint Programme CONCERT, provides a common and shared vision for radiation protection research, priority areas and strategic objectives for collaboration within a European radiation protection research programme to 2030 and beyond. Considering the advances made since the first SRA, this updated version presents research challenges and priorities including identified scientific issues that, when successfully resolved, have the potential to impact substantially and strengthen the system and/or practice of the overall radiation protection (game changers) in radioecology with regard to their integration into the global vision of European research in radiation protection. An additional aim of this paper is to encourage contribution from research communities, end users, decision makers and other stakeholders in the evaluation, further advancement and accomplishment of the identified priorities.
•We provide a method for analyzing the French law on natural hazards and environmental protection for land planning.•A diagnosis of the coherence and difficulties related to the implementation of ...public policies at the local level is presented.•We present an inventory of regulatory texts.•An analytical model for identifying and linking risk management tools is presented.•We present its application to 3 French territories.
French public authorities have to manage the protection of the environment and risks. This study proposes a method for analyzing the French law on environmental hazards and the protection of the environment in the context of land planning. The main question asked is: Do the difficulties of implementing environmental policies stem from the complexity of the law or from the organization of local land management? The final aim is to offer reading keys to aid local planning decisions in France. The approach proposed is based on collecting and organizing the regulations, analyzing their application in practice, and comparing the legal standpoints to the logic of local decision-makers. This study demonstrates the extent to which French environmental regulations are complex and how they can be adapted locally in order to improve their application and efficiency.
This paper critically analyzes selected aspects of the current legal framework regarding the protection of the environment during the non-international armed conflict in Syria. The water damage that ...is occurring in Syria is particularly scrutinized. Preserving the environment is essential for safeguarding the planet for future generations. The potentiality of any armed conflict not only poses a threat to the peace and safety of the environment but can have exhaustive repercussions. Therefore, this topic is of the utmost importance and the objective of my research is to examine the relevant law, or the lack thereof. International humanitarian law will be placed at the forefront, along with customary international law which will provide an alternative approach. Where necessary, secondary sources will supplement the research in order to broaden its scope. The meaning of the ‘natural environment’ as opposed to the ‘environment’ will be assessed and applied to the water damage in order to establish whether or not it can be considered damage to the natural environment. A comparative approach will be taken for the purpose of analyzing all pertinent sources, with the intention of providing a conclusion that showcases the environment as the silent victim of armed conflicts.
This article outlines and evaluates the US perspective on how treaty and customary international law protect the natural environment during international armed conflict. It surveys the relevant ...treaties to which the United States is a party and examines US views on their pertinent provisions. It then assesses claims that the environmental obligations residing in the 1977 Additional Protocol I to the 1949 Geneva Conventions have attained customary status, outlines the United States’ rejection of those claims, and evaluates the reasonableness thereof. Finally, it highlights ambiguities in certain US environmental positions, the resolution of which would bring much-needed clarity to the law.
Este estudio se centra en tres aspectos fundamentales relacionados con la protección internacional del medio ambiente. Así, tras una breve aproximación al estado de la cuestión medioambiental en ...relación a la situación de emergencia climática que enfrentamos, se aborda la cuestión del medio ambiente como un derecho humano. A continuación, se aborda el desarrollo histórico de ecocidio en el ámbito de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Finalmente, se profundiza en la propuesta de definición de ecocidio y las modificaciones sugeridas para el Estatuto de Roma, destacando la labor de la Fundación Stop Ecocidio y otras iniciativas en ese sentido. Este enfoque busca contribuir al desarrollo de la protección penal del medio ambiente a nivel internacional, explorando estos tres ejes centrales.
At its seventy-first session in 2019, the International Law Commission (ilc) provisionally adopted twenty-eight draft principles related to the protection of the environment before, during and after ...armed conflict. This article argues that the ilc ought to consider proposing a framework convention as the final outcome of this project, as this could result in better protection of the environment than draft principles. Framework conventions have featured in international environmental law but they have not yet been used to progressively develop the law of armed conflict. This article argues that the hybrid legal nature of protecting the environment during the conduct of hostilities ought to incorporate solutions from relevant fields of international law. To that end, there are many merits to proposing a framework convention approach in the final outcome of the ilc's programme of work on this issue.
Este trabajo abordará los relevantes y novedosos criterios que generó la ejecutoria en estudio a partir de un marco teórico y legal sobre el contenido, dimensiones y núcleo esencial del derecho a un ...ambiente sano, principios que lo rigen y su tutela efectiva, sobre la configuración del interés legítimo en materia ambiental en su vinculación con los servicios ambientales, así como las obligaciones de los juzgadores en torno a su interpretación. Destacará también la consideración de la protección de los manglares como prioridad nacional, la reinterpretación del principio de relatividad de las sentencias de amparo y las herramientas judiciales para la reversión de la carga de la prueba o para recabarlas de oficio. Asimismo, presentará a partir de los antecedentes y datos del caso, un análisis crítico de las limitaciones del amparo para la tutela efectiva del ambiente esbozando algunas breves ideas para atenderlas.
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