Although our physical abilities clearly decline as we age, cognitive decline in healthy old age is neither universal nor inevitable. The authors show that scientific research does not support the ...popular notion of the inexorable and progressive effects of cognitive aging in all older adults. They report that many adults maintain a high level of cognitive function into old age and that certain experiential and lifestyle factors - including education, exercise, diet, and opportunities for new learning - contribute to the preservation of cognitive abilities. The authors offer a comprehensive review of research on cognitive and brain aging. They show that even the aged brain remains capable of plasticity (the ability to adapt to and benefit from experience), and they summarize evidence that brain plasticity is heightened by certain types of cognitive training, by aerobic exercise, and by certain diets. They also report on the somewhat controversial use of estrogen and cognition-enhancing drugs, on environmental adaptations (including "virtual assistants") that help older adults "age in place", and on genetic factors in cognitive aging. (DIPF/Orig.).
Theory of cortical plasticity Cooper, Leon N; Cooper, Leon N; Intrator, Nathan ...
2004., 2004, 20040415, 2004-03-31
eBook
In Theory of Cortical Plasticity, Nobel Laureate Leon Cooper and his collaborators present a systematic development of the Bienenstock, Cooper and Munro (BCM) theory of synaptic plasticity, and ...discuss experiments that test both its assumptions and consequences. This insightful book provides an elegant analysis of theoretical structure in neuroscience research, and elucidates the role BCM theory has played in guiding research leading to our present understanding of the mechanisms underlying cortical plasticity.
This book integrates neuroscience research on neuroplasticity with clinical investigation of reorganization of function after brain injury, especially from the perspective of eventually translating ...the findings to rehabilitation. Historical foundation in neuroplasticity research are presented to provide a perspective for recent findings. Leading investigators synthesize their work with research from other laboratories to provide a current update on neuroanatomic features which enhance enuroplasticity and provide a substrate for reorginaization of function. The capacity for recovery from brain injury associated with focal lesions as compared to diffuse cerebral insult is discussed. Interventions such as environmental enhancement and drugs to enhance reorganizatioin of function after brain injury have been studied in animalmodels and in human studies. Methodologies to study neurophysiological measures, trancranial magnetic stimulation, and computational modeling. Implications of neuroplasticity research for innovations in rehabilitation of persons with brain injury are critically reviewed.
•We integrate the sensitivity measure from SNIP into the “training while fine-tuning” framework to form a more powerful pruning strategy by adapting the unstructured pruning measure from SNIP to ...allow filterlevel compression. In practice, the sensitivity score can be easily computed as the gradient of the connection mask applied to the weight matrix. Independent of the model structure, the sensitivity score can be applied to most neural networks for pruning purposes.•We mitigate the sampling bias in the single-shot influence score by introducing the difference between the learned pruning strategy and the single-shot strategy as the second loss component. Filter influence is measured on batched data, where a convolutional layer is used to discover the robust influence from the noise of the batch. The learning process is guided by the score provided by the influence measure.•Our algorithm can dynamically tweak the training goal between improving model accuracy and pruning more filters. We add a selfadaptive hyper-parameter
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As neural networks get deeper for better performance, the demand for deployable models on resource-constrained devices also grows. In this work, we propose eliminating less sensitive filters to compress models. The previous method evaluates neuron importance using the connection matrix gradient in a single shot. To mitigate the sampling bias, we integrate this measure into the previously proposed “pruning while fine-tuning” framework. Besides classification errors, we introduce the difference between the learned and the single-shot strategy as the second loss component with a self-adjustive hyper-parameter that balances the training goal between improving accuracy and pruning more filters. Our Sensitivity Pruner (SP) adapts the unstructured pruning saliency metric to structured pruning tasks and enables the strategy to be derived sequentially to accommodate the updating sparsity. Experimental results demonstrate that SP significantly reduces the computational cost and the pruned models give comparable or better performance on CIFAR10, CIFAR100, and ILSVRC-12 datasets.
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•Viticulture is one of the main sectors in Mediterranean zones.•Global warming increase sugar and decrease in anthocyanins and acidity in grapes.•Climate adaptation strategies are ...essential to face global warming in viticulture.•Certain viticultural techniques may delay grapevine ripening close to 15 days.•Forcing bud regrowth delay ripening two months being essential in very-warm areas.
Climate is the main factor affecting grape and wine quality in Mediterranean viticulture. Global warming provokes an increase in the accumulation of soluble solids in grapes, together with a lower content of anthocyanins and acidity. This result in stuck and sluggish fermentations causing economic losses in the winery. Climate adaptation strategies are essential to minimize the detrimental effects of global warming on grape and wine quality. This review summarized the effect of viticultural techniques to delay grapevine ripening with emphasis on canopy management and we overviewed the effects of high temperatures on grape and wine quality. Some viticultural techniques such as severe shoot trimming, minimal pruning, late winter pruning and apical leaf removal may delay grapevine ripening close to 15 days. Forcing regrowth is the most interesting technique since it allows to delay grape ripening at least of two months which can be essential in warm grapevine production areas.
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