The social benefit of debt counseling is undoubted. Those seeking advice are empowered to claim their consumer rights and (regain) their quality of life. Existential emergencies can be avoided and ...significant savings can be made for the national budget. It also benefits creditors financially by avoiding private insolvency. In order to strengthen debt counselors, clear and immediate political action is required. One step should be the introduction of a legal right to debt counselling and the expansion of counseling capacities. Both could be financed through fair creditor participation and would be accompanied by a nationwide initiative to train new debt counselors.
The new Federal Fiscal Equalization System became effective on 1 January, 2020. While all public budgets in the federal system of Germany were faced with high decreases in revenues caused by the ...measures to fight the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, a first evaluation shows that the differences to the old system are rather marginal. The focus now lies on the vertical distribution of the value-added tax, whereas for the fiscal capacity equalisation only revenue of the Laender are used as before. In fact, the supplementary federal grants, the federal grants for special needs and very critical new federal grants are still problematic and a strong signal for centralisation. JEL Classification: H24, H22, D31. Bereits 2015 wurde erstmalig durch die Konferenz der Ministerprasident:innen ein neues Finanzausgleichssystem ab 2020 diskutiert und beschlossen. Seitdem sind zahlreiche Beitrage zu den moglichen fiskalischen Auswirkungen, Anreizproblematiken und Bewertungen einiger Detailregelungen entstanden und debattiert worden. Nach der ersten Durchfuhrung im Ausgleichsjahr 2020 ist es nun Zeit, erstmalig auf konkrete Ergebnisse einzugehen und dabei verbliebene und neue Probleme offen zu diskutieren.
States of credit Stasavage, David
2011., 20110705, 2011, 2011-07-05, Volume:
35
eBook
States of Credit provides the first comprehensive look at the joint development of representative assemblies and public borrowing in Europe during the medieval and early modern eras. In this ...pioneering book, David Stasavage argues that unique advances in political representation allowed certain European states to gain early and advantageous access to credit, but the emergence of an active form of political representation itself depended on two underlying factors: compact geography and a strong mercantile presence.
Generally, public spending on education, research, and development (R&D) is perceived to impact the economy and sustainability positively; however, such notion lacks evidence, particularly in Belt ...and Road Initiative (BRI) member countries. In this study, panel data of BRI member countries from 2008 to 2018 is analysed using the generalized method of moments (GMM) method and data envelopement analysis (DEA) to assess the relationship between public spending on R&D and green economic growth and energy efficiency. The study found a fluctuating green economic growth indicator during the research period attributed to the non-serious nature of government policies. The findings reveal that the GMM method confirms both composition and technique effects in the entire sample. Nonetheless, the result of the sub-sample showed a heterogeneous effect on high GDP per capita countries. Moreover, the study shows that public spending on human resources and R&D of green energy technologies prompts a sustainable green economy through labour and technology-oriented production activities and different effects in different countries.
•Generalized method of moments used to assess the determinants of green growth.•The non-serious nature of government policies fluctuates the green growth indicators.•Public green finance promotes green economic growth.•Spending on human resources and R&D of green technologies promotes green growth.•The proliferation of human resource and innovations are essential to green growth.
A partir de uma leitura contemporânea dos métodos adequados de solução de controvérsias no bojo do processo tributário, o artigo examina, com ênfase na arbitragem, os métodos mais apropriados para ...garantir o efetivo acesso à justiça que responda aos anseios sociais e, ao mesmo tempo, satisfaça a necessidade de recuperação dos entes federativos dos créditos inscritos em dívida ativa.
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