Desde 1994, los estudiantes del Colegio Ciudad Vieja de Ciudad de Guatemala trabajan en un proyec- to de reforestación, conservación y rescate de orquídeas que crecen en un bosque de encino de ...aproximadamente 25 hectáreas (Barranco El Maestro) del Campus Central de la Universidad Francisco Marroquín (Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala). El proyecto forma parte esencial del programa de estu- dios de la institución y se realiza los sábados y domingos.
Thaumastocoris peregrinus is recorded for the first time in the state of Santa Catarina attacking isolated plants of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus tereticornis and reforestation of Eucalyptus ...grandis located within the municipalities of Chapeco, Cordillera Alta, Xaxim and Xanxere. In Rio Grande do Sul this insect is already found in 10 locations, and new areas of occurrence are recorded in the municipalities of Ernestina, Passo Fundo, Marau, Coxilha, Getulio Vargas, Erechim, Sao Valentim, Erval Grande, Nonoai, Tres Palmeiras, Ronda Alta, Pontao and Quatro Irmaos.
Thaumastocoris peregrinus is recorded for the first time in the state of Santa Catarina attacking isolated plants of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus tereticornis and reforestation of Eucalyptus ...grandis located within the municipalities of Chapeco, Cordillera Alta, Xaxim and Xanxere. In Rio Grande do Sul this insect is already found in 10 locations, and new areas of occurrence are recorded in the municipalities of Ernestina, Passo Fundo, Marau, Coxilha, Getulio Vargas, Erechim, Sao Valentim, Erval Grande, Nonoai, Tres Palmeiras, Ronda Alta, Pontao and Quatro Irmaos. Key words: Eucalyptus, bronze bug, forestry pest. Thaumastocoris peregrinus e relatado pela primeira vez para o estado de Santa Catarina atacando plantas isoladas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus tereticornis e reflorestamentos de Eucaliptus grandis localizados no interior dos municipios de Chapeco, Cordilheira Alta, Xaxim e Xanxere. No Rio Grande do sul, esse inseto ja e encontrado em 10 localidades do sul do estado, e sao registradas novas areas de ocorrencia nos municipios de Ernestina, Passo Fundo, Marau, Coxilha, Getulio Vargas, Erechim, Sao Valentim, Erval Grande, Nonoai, Tres Palmeiras, Ronda Alta, Pontao e Quatro Irmaos. Palavras-chave: Eucalyptus, percevejo-bronzeador, praga florestal.
Pinus pinaster, commonly called the maritime pine, is a vital species in Mediterranean forests. Its ability to thrive in the local climate and rapid growth make it an essential resource for wood ...production and reforestation efforts. Accurately estimating the volume of wood within a pine forest is of great significance to the wood industry. The traditional process is either a rough estimation without measurements or a time-consuming process based on manual measurements and calculations. This article presents a method for determining a tree’s diameter, total height, and volume based on a photograph. The method involves placing reference targets of known dimensions on the trees. A deep learning neural network is used to extract the tree trunk and the targets from the background, and the dimensions of the trunk are estimated based on the dimensions of the targets. The results indicate less than 10% estimation errors for diameter, height, and volume in general. The proposed methodology automates the estimation of the dendrometric characteristics of trees, reducing field time consumed in a forest inventory and without the need to use nonprofessional instruments.
The genus Cinchona belongs to the Rubiaceae family and comprises native Peruvian tree species distributed in tropical areas. It is currently endangered due to human disturbance and overexploitation ...for medicinal, forestry and food uses. To date, the current and future distribution of Cinchona spp. under the climate change scenario is unknown. Here, we modeled the present and future spatial distribution of the genus Cinchona using bioclimatic, edaphic and topographic variables using the maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt). The results indicate that 8.08% (103,547.89 kmsup.2) and 6.02% (77,163.81 kmsup.2) of the surface of Peru possesses areas with high and moderate distribution probabilities, respectively, to host the genus Cinchona, distributed mainly in the departments of Cusco, Amazonas, San Martín and Cajamarca. Furthermore, according to future climate scenarios, the areas of high suitability will increase their extension for the years 2050 and 2070 by 3.65% and 3.9%, respectively. Since Peru seeks to promote the forest sector to be the other force for its development, this study can be considered as a basis for the establishment of priority zones for the conservation, restoration, reforestation and sustainable management of Cinchona spp. species in Peru.
Argania spinosa L. Skeels is an Algerian-Moroccan endemic tree. This species is part of various plant communities consisting of Mediterranean, Macaronesian and Saharan floristic elements. It has been ...introduced and perhaps sometimes naturalized in various regions of the Mediterranean basin. Due to its role in combating desertification, high socio-economic value, and traditional use as fodder and food, the southwestern Moroccan argan grove (Arganeraie) was declared Biosphere Reserve. It had already been subject to conservation and reforestation programs a century earlier. Its cultivation for oil production could be, besides an economic objective, an effective method to conserve its genetic diversity. Therefore, this study aims to estimate its potential distribution and establish efficient breeding programs by determining its ecological requirements, identifying its different habitats, and predicting habitat suitability models for Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Spain. Using 53 occurrence points, wind speed and direction data, and 29 bioclimatic variables, multivariate methods were applied to describe the ecological profiles and characterize the heterogeneity of its habitat to subsequently, train a Maxent model that establishes, besides Morocco and Algeria, suitable cultivation areas in Tunisia and Spain. The North African potential area is limited to the western Mediterranean coast of Algeria and flat and coastal areas of eastern Tunisia. The increased likelihood of suitability remains in the southeast Iberian Peninsula. A high probability of argan cultivation is also evident in the Canary Islands. These results provide possibilities for future expansion of argan crop and a window of opportunity to improve its genetic diversity and conservation.
Reforestation involves potential trade-offs: hard choices between environmental and social benefits, individual and community benefits, and among stakeholders who bear different costs and benefits. ...In this manuscript, we aim to show that successful long-term reforestation requires stakeholder engagement beyond planning stages and a recognition of the dynamism of stakeholder outlooks as stakeholders’ opportunities, relationships, interests, and roles change over time. We first summarize lessons from recent literature on stakeholder involvement within reforestation efforts. We then present findings from a multiple-stakeholder workshop organized in west-central Mexico, in which we illustrate their choices on how to navigate trade-offs among different reforestation intervention strategies (agroforestry/silvopastoral, natural regeneration, native species reforestation, commercial plantations). We confirm that individual stakeholders’circumstances, interests, and roles, as well as the contextual factors shaping them, are dynamic, continually changing the nature of the choices stakeholders face. Finally, we propose a four-phase pathway for addressing dynamic trade-offs and synergies in stakeholder participation in order to select, implement, and sustain successful reforestation activities. The pathway comprises four phases: (1) collaborate to devise a reforestation strategy through dialogue about dynamic trade-offs; (2) pledge robust stakeholder commitments to mutual arrangements for implementing reforestation; (3) implement reforestation interventions; and (4) adjust strategy through continuous evaluation of outcomes. We then elucidate how components of these four phases can be operationalized so that, on one side, scientists and practitioners might better understand the dynamic trade-offs reforestation poses for stakeholders, and on the other, stakeholders might balance their hard choices in ways that promote forest recovery.
Ancient grasslands at risk Bond, William J.
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
01/2016, Volume:
351, Issue:
6269
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Highly biodiverse tropical grasslands are at risk from forest-planting efforts
Concerns over deforestation have led to attempts to identify suitable areas for reforestation around the world (
1
). ...The most ambitious effort to date is the World Resources Institute (WRI) Atlas of Forest and Landscape Restoration Opportunities (
1
). This map is linked to a global plan to reforest degraded lands to offset anthropogenic CO
2
emissions. The immediate target is the reforestation of 1.5 million km
2
by 2020 (
2
,
3
). Vast areas of open grassy vegetation have been identified as suitable for reforestation. But are all these grasslands secondary products of deforestations? Recent research shows that grasslands are often ancient and highly biodiverse, but it remains difficult to distinguish between primary and secondary grasslands on a large scale. Reforestation efforts thus risk converting ancient tropical grasslands to plantations.
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