Life-satisfaction and loneliness are two key indicators of individual mental state, and their detailed analysis could help improve the resettlement policy of retired athletes. This paper proposes a ...tree-based frequent itemsets mining method to estimate the influence factors of the life-satisfaction and the loneliness of retired athletes. The basic situations of the retired athletes are collected by the questionnaires and transformed into the binary attributes. Then, an extend prefix tree is built for mining the frequent itemsets. The lift measure is employed to generate the association rules based on the obtained frequent itemsets and realize the rules prune. The actual survey data of 750 Chinese retired athletes are adopted for comparing the proposed method and the Apriori algorithm. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method is higher. Moreover, the obtained rules show that the health condition, the education, the social insurance participation affect both the life-satisfaction and the loneliness of retired athletes, and the income only affect the life-satisfaction of retired athletes.
Retired Athletes reemployment problem is a long-term big problem. Combined with the characteristics of Chinese sports system, the retired athletes retired various emotional and behavioral reactions ...of transition during the intervention support, help the athletes to role positioning, the establishment of a new way of life, to develop good habits, to establish and the social network to adapt to the new. All of these aspects of psychological support can be transformed into transition resources, forming applied to retire the ready state, and dynamically active influence retirement transition stage.
Most countries across the world are facing one problem: how to provide support to retired athletes and help them in re-employment. Different countries have different solutions. Study of the ...retirement and re-employment of professional athletes in China will help us to understand the differences between it and other countries in dealing with this issue. It will also reveal how China's elite sport system works and how the government played its part in managing and supporting the athletes. This paper studies the formation and implementation of government policies in relation to the re-employment of retired athletes and points out that the Chinese Government plays an important role in providing financial and human resource support for them. However, the policies have also had some shortcomings. For example, the government takes too much of the burden. Only elite athletes who won medals at important national and international sporting events could get solid support after retirement and most of the athletes who failed to make it to the top were neglected by the government.
While the career transition of athletes has been explored to several extents, it is often marked by complex psychosocial challenges and requires a redefined sense of identity and professional ...purpose. Research to date has predominately focused on the disadvantages or inequity emerging from broad social demographics without delving into specific career transition pathways, such as into higher education settings. This study specifically investigates the unique psychosocial factors underlying the career transition of retired Chinese athletes into higher education. We conducted an interview phase with retired Chinese athletes (Phase 1, n = 17) and a Delphi phase with senior human resources (HR) managers from Chinese higher education settings (Phase 2, n = 15). This approach allowed us to understand the lived experiences and challenges of these athletes within the Chinese cultural and social context, as well as HR experts’ perceptions of their career transitions, respectively. The results unveil crucial psychosocial factors that motivate, and the barriers that challenge, and difficulties retired Chinese athletes in their transition, informing intervention and policy efforts to facilitate their successful integration into higher education.
Participating in elite sports can be beneficial for many reasons – but the question arises: what is the payoff to be an elite athlete or what are the consequences of being an elite athlete in sports? ...The phenomenon which became popular and opens many conversations in sport and psychology circles is the occurrence of common mental disorders (CMD) in former elite athletes. In this literature review, three electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect. This paper summarizes eight studies which were selected following the PRISMA guidelines. The studies covered mental health disorders among former elite athletes and their symptoms: distress, sleep disturbance, anxiety/depression, and alcohol misuse, the occurrence of life events and career dissatisfaction. This literature review showed the prevalence of CMD in former elite athletes. There were no results about the contribution to developing CMD in former elite athletes. Factors associated with the occurrence of CMD in former athletes included involuntary retirement from the sport, concussions, collision/high contact sport, increased body mass index, osteoarthritis.
Objectives:
To evaluate the effect of exercise intervention on disability, pain, and kinesiophobia in a retired athlete with old patella fracture.
Methods:
A 34-year-old retired football player with ...old patella fracture conducted the exercise intervention for 12 weeks, 1 h each time, three times a week. the retired football player completed the Lysholm Knee Score (LKS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) were measured at pre-intervention, mid-intervention, and post-intervention.
Results:
Based on the functional training perspective, the retired athlete was subjected to two stages of exercise intervention for a total of 12 weeks. The patient's LKS score increased from 76 to 95, and the pain level of various physical states was relieved. When walking, the VAS score was reduced from 3 to 1, and when running, the VAS score was reduced from 5 to 2. Jumping VAS score for actions was reduced from 6 to 3, and the VAS score for of daily life activities was reduced from 3 points to 2. The patient's TSK score from 50 to 37.
Conclusion:
A 12-week exercise intervention could improve knee joint function, relieve pain and relieve kinesiophobia.
Purpose: Knee osteoarthritis is caused by the wear and tear of the knee joint cartilage is a natural process. However, it can occur sooner among athletes based on the type of sport and the pressure ...on the knee joints that can be really intense. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect and durability of a home-exercise program based on NASM principles as well as its impact on range of motion, balance, and dynamic gait parameters of male retired athletes suffering from knee arthritis.Methods:In this semi-empirical study, as many as 24 male retired athletes suffering from knee arthritis were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 12 subjects (the NASM exercising group and the control group). The empirical group did NASM exercises at home for eight weeks. Range of motion with Goniometer, balance with berg balance scale and dynamic gait parameters with dynamic gait parameter test were evaluated before, after eight weeks of exercise, and also after four weeks of non-exposure to exercise. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests at a 5% error level using SPSS 24 software.Results:NASM exercises have resulted in a significant increase in the amount of knee range of motion, range of motion of the femur, balance, and dynamic gait parameters in the post-test and durability stages compared to the pre-test. The range of motion of the knee (p<0.001) and femur (p = 0.007) in the durability phase was significantly reduced compared to the post-test but in equilibrium (p = 0.080). As well as dynamic gait parameters (p = 0.501), there was no significant difference between the two stages of post-test and durability. Additionally, no significant difference was found in the control group (p>0.05).Conclusion:Apparently, NASM exercises can lead to improvements in range of motion, balance, and dynamic gait parameters among male retired athletes suffering from knee arthritis. That is why, it is highly recommended for these people.
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has seen worsened mental health as a result of lockdowns, isolation and changes to sociocultural functioning. The postponement of the Tokyo 2020 Olympics is ...representative of global cancellations of sporting events, reduced facility access and support restrictions that have affected both current and former athlete's psychological wellbeing. This study aimed to determine whether current (n = 93) and former (n = 111) athletes experienced worsened body image, relationship with food or eating disorder symptomatology during acute COVID-19 transitions. Methods The study was a Convergent Mixed Methods design whereby qualitative content analysis was collected and analysed simultaneously with quantitative cross-sectional data using the EAT-26 and self-report COVID-19 questions. Data were collected from April until May 2020 to capture data pertaining to transitions related to the pandemic and included individuals across 41 different individual and team sports from club to international competition levels. Results There was a surge in disordered eating in current and former athletes as a result of the early COVID-19 response. Eating disorders were suggested to occur in 21.1% of participants (18% current athletes n = 17, 25% former athletes (n = 26). There was a significant difference between males and females (p = 0.018, r = 0.17), but interestingly no differences between groups from individual vs team sports, type of sporting category (endurance, antigravitational, ball sport, power, technical and aesthetic) or level of competition (club, state, national or international). 34.8% (n = 69) self-reported worsened body image and 32.8% (n = 65) self-reported a worsened food relationship directly from COVID-19. Qualitative analysis indicated that disordered eating occurred predominantly in the form of body preoccupation, inhibitory food control, fear of body composition changes and binge eating. Conclusions This study indicates that transitions in COVID-19 have worsened food-body relationships in current and former athletes and must be treated as an at-risk time for eating disorder development. We suggest that resources are allocated appropriately to assist athletes to foster psychologically positive food and body relationships through COVID-19 transitions. This study makes practice suggestions in supporting athletes to manage control, seek support, adapt and accept change and promote connection and variety through athletic transitions. Keywords: COVID-19, Athlete, Sport, Retired athlete, Eating disorder, Body image
Purpose
The purpose of this paper exploratory study is to decipher sport consumer associations and sentiments connected to the brand image of retired athletes.
Design/methodology/approach
In total, ...14 sport consumers, who demonstrated an in-depth knowledge of throwback branding tactics and expertise in athlete brand promotion, participated in in-depth semi-structured interviews.
Findings
The findings indicate there are three prevalent themes across the present data (i.e. epoch epitome, athlete-team connection and off-the-field persona).
Originality/value
While the proliferation of throwback merchandise and affinity for brands of retired athletes is evident, the internalization of associations related to retired athletes has escaped empirical investigation. Numerous questions concerning how specific facets of a retired athlete’s image (e.g. athletic skills or life off the field) activate nostalgic feelings, drive consumer loyalty and establish market permanence remain unanswered. The current study contributes to the understanding of the brand image of the retired athlete and the existing literature concerning athlete branding.
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