Water activation as a way to improve the quality of bakery products has been used recently. In this study, we investigated the effect of dough mixing with plasma-activated water (PAW) for 1, 2, and ...3 min on the rheological characteristics of dough and the pan bread's quality and stability during storage at room temperature (25±2 °C). The PAW pH was decreased (from 6.2 to 3.5), and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) increased (from 223.7 to 564.4 mV). Results showed that the addition of PAW to the dough caused an increase in dough stability, elasticity, and extensibility, as well as a decrease in dough development, arrival time, and degree of softness compared with control.
Using PAW in pan bread preparation increased its specific volume, porosity, and crumb and crust colour parameters. Using PAW in pan bread preparation reduced hardness, gumminess, cohesiveness, and chewiness, while springiness increased. Also, the results of the storage experiment showed that PAW addition enhanced pan bread freshness and shelf life, as well as reducing its fungal count. Generally, using PAW in pan bread preparation enhances the dough's rheological characteristics as well as its quality and stability during storage. In addition, water activated for 3 min was the most effective.
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•Plasma activated water enhance dough rheological properties.•Plasma activated water enhance pan bread specific volume and porosity.•Plasma activated water enhance colour and texture properties of pan bread.•Using plasma activated water in pan bread preparation reduce bread staling rate.•Water activated for 3 min by cold atmospheric plasma was most suitable for pan bread quality improvement.
The rheology is an effective tool to characterize workability, consistency, flowability, and predict stability, pumpability, shootability, pressure of formwork, multi-layer casting. This paper ...presents a critical review on the rheological properties of fresh concrete in recent publications. The applicable rheological models for the flow of concrete are revealed. The effects of constituents of fresh concrete, including cement, supplementary cementitious materials (fly ash, ground blast furnace slag, and silica fume), limestone powder, coarse and fine aggregates, and chemical admixtures (superplasticizer, viscosity modifying agent and air-entraining agent) on the rheological properties are discussed in detail. The applications of rheograph and workability box in mixture proportioning and quality control are also illustrated.
Abstract
November Online Cover
: Schematic representation of the microstructures and plausible interactions occurring in the studied mixtures; CLSM and SEM images of HAG and LAG, from “Effects of ...gellan gum and calcium fortification on the rheological properties of mung bean protein and gellan gum mixtures” by Kamolwan Israkarn, Chonchanok Buathongjan, Chaiwut Gamonpilas, Pawadee Methacanon, and Sirikarn Wisetsuwannaphum. p. 5001–5016.
Three-dimensional bioprinting uses additive manufacturing techniques for the automated fabrication of hierarchically organized living constructs. The building blocks are often hydrogel-based bioinks, ...which need to be printed into structures with high shape fidelity to the intended computer-aided design. For optimal cell performance, relatively soft and printable inks are preferred, although these undergo significant deformation during the printing process, which may impair shape fidelity. While the concept of good or poor printability seems rather intuitive, its quantitative definition lacks consensus and depends on multiple rheological and chemical parameters of the ink. This review discusses qualitative and quantitative methodologies to evaluate printability of bioinks for extrusion- and lithography-based bioprinting. The physicochemical parameters influencing shape fidelity are discussed, together with their importance in establishing new models, predictive tools and printing methods that are deemed instrumental for the design of next-generation bioinks, and for reproducible comparison of their structural performance.
•Textile fibre derived from end-of-life tyres (TFELT) is an environmental problem.•The physical and rheological properties of asphalt binders can be improved by the addition of fibres.•This work ...evaluates the effects of the innovative addition of TFELT, in three percentages, on the mechanical and rheological properties of two asphalt binders.•The results are consistent and indicate significant improvements in high temperature performance, while maintaining performance at intermediate and low temperatures.
End-of-Life Tyres (ELT) consist of rubber, steel and textile fibre (TFELT). Unlike rubber and steel, the possibilities for the re-use of TFELT are limited, and its final disposal is an environmental problem. This article explores an alternative re-use of TFELT as an additive for asphalt binder (AB). The TFELT was characterised using scanning electron microscope (SEM), polarized microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Two Asphalt Binders (AB14 and AB24) and three addition percentages (0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5%) were evaluated. The effects on the physical properties at high, intermediate and low temperature were studied by determining the softening point, penetration and FRAASS breaking point. We also evaluated the effects on the rheological properties, by determining the rutting and fatigue parameters at different states of ageing (short and long term). Resistance to the accumulation of deformations was measured by applying the Multiple Stress Creep Recovery test (MSCR), and resistance to fatigue by the Linear Amplitude Sweep test (LAS). The results showed significant effects in reducing the accumulation of permanent deformation, by up to 40% for the addition of 0.5% TFELT, without any reduction in properties of resistance to thermal cracking.
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