Det er nu 50 år siden, man midt på sommeren i 1973 gjorde et af landets mest spændenderunefund i Ribe. Efterfølgende kunne interesserede i flere danske dagblade læse noglesmå artikler, som i ...forskellige versioner bar overskriften ”Danmarks ældste brev er fundet!”De bragte også fotografier af den mærkelige genstand, der var dukket op af undergrunden:et stykke af en menneskelig hjerneskal tæt beskrevet med runer. Desuden havde nogle afaviserne en ret indgående udredning af sagen. Den daværende leder af Ribes AntikvariskeSamling, mag. art. Mogens Bencard, berettede om begivenhedens detaljer, og Nationalmuseetsruneekspert, dr. phil. Erik Moltke, diskuterede indskriftens indhold. Kort sagtbetragtede forskerne, helt fra den såkaldte "Ribe Hjerneskal" dukkede op af jorden, fundetsom noget af en sensation.
Stanje ribarstva u neposrednim poslijeratnim godinama u Istri za vrijeme Vojne uprave Jugoslavenske armije od 1945. do 1947. godine nije se često javljalo kao istraživačka tema. Problem svakako leži ...i u maloj količini arhivskoga gradiva koje se dotiče ove teme. S obzirom, dakle, na ograničen prostorni i vremenski okvir teme ovoga rada u uvodnim se poglavljima pruža kratak osvrt na stanje ribarstva i industrije prerade ribe u Istri u razdoblju od pokretanja prerađivačke ribarske industrije (kraj 19. st.) pa do kraja Drugoga svjetskog rata, a potom detaljnije na ponovno pokretanje rada te industrije neposredno po svršetku rata. U radu se ukazuje na neke od brojnih izazova s kojima se poslijeratna vlast suočila u obnovi i organizaciji samoga ribolova te u industriji prerade ribe. Za pokretanje ribarstva nužan je preduvjet bila uspostava suradnje sa svim uključenim sudionicima toga procesa. Taj zadatak nije se moglo postići isključivo strogim i tvrdim nametanjem nove
doktrine
, već postupnim upoznavanjem stanovništva s promjenama koje su nastupale i koje će utjecati na sve društvene procese. »Popularizacija« budućega privrednog napretka zemlje obuhvatila je i ribarstvo te se i u toj industrijskoj grani od svih uključenih, počevši od samih ribara pa do zaposlenih u prerađivačkim pogonima, očekivao doprinos u izgradnji bolje ekonomske budućnosti. Vlasti su svojim prvim potezima prvenstveno išle prema uspostavi reda i nadzora nad novim područjem te prema obuhvatnom uvidu u stanje gospodarskih resursa Istre. Komunističke su vlasti poduzimale napore da tehnološki unaprijede i olakšaju uvjete rada i ribolova i prerade. Uz pružanje pomoći ribarima jednako su tako kontinuirano ulagani napori u stvaranje boljih uvjeta i nesmetana rada u tvornicama za preradu. Poseban je izazov predstavljao nedostatak cjelogodišnjih zaliha potrebnih za kontinuiranu proizvodnju, potom pomanjkanje radne snage, pogotovo stručnoga kadra, te problem plasmana gotovih proizvoda. Ovo su bile stalne prepreke za koje su poslijeratne vlasti morale tražiti i stalno iznalaziti odgovarajuća rješenja. Gradivo fonda HR-DAPA-79 Oblasni narodni odbor za Istru (1945-1947) sadrži dokumente koji svjedoče o procesu obnove gospodarske djelatnosti u Istri, a samim time omogućuju detaljniju rekonstrukciju toga procesa.
The state of fisheries in the immediate post-war years in Istria during the Military Administration of the Yugoslav Army between 1945 and 1947 did not often arise as a research topic. The problem certainly lies also in the small amount of archival material addressing this topic. Given, therefore, the limited spatial and temporal framework of the topic of this paper, the introductory chapters provide a brief overview of the state of fishing and the fish processing industry in Istria in the period from the start of the fishing industry (end of the 19th century) until the end of the Second World War, and then, in more detail, of the resumption of the activities of that industry immediately after the end of the war. The paper points out some of the numerous challenges that the post-war government faced in the reconstruction and organization of fishing and the fish processing industry. The establishment of cooperation with all stakeholders in the process was a necessary prerequisite for the relaunching of fishing. This task could not be achieved solely by a strict and harsh imposition of a new doctrine, but by gradually familiarizing the population with the changes which were being introduced and which would affect all social processes. The "popularization" of the country's future economic progress also included fishing, and everyone involved in this industrial branch, starting from the fishermen and ending with the employees of processing plants, was expected to contribute to building a better economic future. The authorities' first moves were primarily aimed at establishing order and supervision over the new area, and at providing a comprehensive insight into the state of economic resources in Istria. The communist authorities undertook efforts to technologically improve and facilitate the conditions of work of both fishing and processing. In addition to providing assistance to fishermen, efforts were also continuously made to create better conditions and smooth functioning in the processing plants. A special challenge was the lack of year-round supplies needed for continuous production, the lack of manpower, especially qualified personnel, and the problem of placing finished products. These were constant obstacles which the post-war authorities had to tackle and constantly find appropriate solutions for. The fonds HR-DAPA-79 Regional People's Committee for Istria (1945-1947) contains documents that bear witness to the process of rehabilitation of economic activity in Istria, thus enabling a more detailed reconstruction of that process.
La situazione relativa all'attività di pesca negli anni dell'immediato dopoguerra in Istria, durante l'Amministrazione militare dell'Armata jugoslava, dal 1945 al 1947, non appariva spesso tra i temi di ricerca. Il problema sta ovviamente anche nella piccola quantità di materiale archivistico che affronta questo argomento. Quindi, prendendo in considerazione il limitato quadro spaziale e temporale del tema di questo lavoro, nei capitoli introduttivi viene riportato un breve cenno sulla situazione relativa all'attività di pesca e all'industria di lavorazione del pesce in Istria nel periodo che va dall'avvio dell'industria di lavorazione del pesce ( fine del XIX secolo) alla fine della Seconda guerra mondiale, e successivamente, in modo più dettagliato, sul riavviamento dell'attività industriale subito dopo la fine della guerra. Il testo denota alcune delle numerose sfide affrontate dalle autorità del dopoguerra relative al ripristino e all' organizzazione della pesca e dell'industria di lavorazione del pesce. Per l'avvio della pesca un presupposto importante è stato quello di instaurare la collaborazione con tutti gli attori coinvolti nel processo. Questo compito non si poteva realizzare esclusivamente imponendo in modo rigoroso e duro una nuova
dottrina
ma facendo conoscere gradualmente agli abitanti i cambiamenti verificati che avrebbero influenzato tutti i processi sociali. La „popolarizzazione“ della futura crescita economica del Paese ha interessato anche il settore della pesca e, di conseguenza, da tutti gli attori coinvolti in questo settore dell'industria, dai pescatori ai lavoratori negli impianti di lavorazione, ci si aspettava un contributo nella creazione di un futuro economico migliore. Le prime mosse delle autorità erano finalizzate a stabilire l'ordine e la vigilanza del nuovo territorio e a ottenere una visione completa dello stato delle risorse economiche dell'Istria. Le autorità comuniste si sono impegnate a migliorare tecnologicamente e ad agevolare le condizioni di lavoro sia della pesca che della lavorazione del pesce. Oltre ad aiutare i pescatori ci si impegnava costantemente a creare condizioni migliori garantendo un buon funzionamento degli impianti di trasformazione. Una sfida particolare era rappresentata dalla mancanza di scorte necessarie per la produzione ininterrotta su base annua, la carenza di manodopera, soprattutto di personale qualificato, e il problema di commercializzazione dei prodotti finiti. Questi erano gli ostacoli costanti per cui le autorità del dopoguerra hanno dovuto cercare e trovare soluzioni adeguate. Il materiale del fondo HR-DAPA-79 Comitato popolare regionale per l'Istria (1945-1947) contiene documenti che testimoniano il processo di ripristino dell' attività economica in Istria, e, di conseguenza, consentono una ricostruzione più dettagliata di tale processo.
Abstract
Radiation-induced neurocognitive dysfunction (RIND) has attracted a lot of attention lately due to the significant improvement of the survival of cancer patients after receiving cranial ...radiotherapy. The detailed mechanisms are not completely understood, but extensive evidence supports an involvement of the inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis, which may result from radiation-induced depletion of neural stem cells (NSCs) as well as the damage to neurogenic niches. As an important component of neurogenic niches, vascular cells interact with NSCs through different signaling mechanisms, which is similar to the characteristics of radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE). But whether RIBE is involved in neurogenesis inhibition contributed by the damaged vascular cells is unknown. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of RIBEs in non-irradiated bystander NSCs induced by irradiated bEnd.3 vascular endothelial cells in a co-culture system. The results show that compared with the NSCs cultured alone, the properties of NSCs were significantly affected after co-culture with bEnd.3 cells, and further change was induced without obvious oxidative stress and apoptosis when bEnd.3 cells were irradiated, manifesting as a reduction in the proliferation, neurosphere-forming capability and differentiation potential of NSCs. All these results suggest that the damaged vascular endothelial cells may contribute to neurogenesis inhibition via inducing RIBEs in NSCs, thus leading to RIND.
Coastal dune ridges are prominent morphological features of many barrier islands. To investigate the environmental controls on coastal dune ridge formation 38 samples from prominent coastal dune ...ridges on the barrier island of Fanø in the Wadden Sea were dated by the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) technique. Multiple samples were recovered from each dune ridge to test the internal consistency of the ages and to establish the last time the ridges were active. The OSL ages range from 4 ± 1 yr to 318 ± 27 yr and the average age of the dune ridges from 255 ± 30 to 6 ± 2 yr. The results show that Fanø prograded between 1000 and 1500 m in the last 250 to 300 years with an average long-term progradation rate of 4 to 5 m yr−1. We argue that dune ridge formation was favoured by normal regressive conditions resulting from increased sediment supply after an extreme storm surge event in 1634, induced by a combination of regional-scale morphological changes in the updrift coastal configuration and erosion and deposition resulting from reorientation of the barrier shoreline. Increased storminess during the Little Ice Age does not appear to be directly responsible for dune building at Fanø or in the Danish Wadden Sea but may have contributed to an overall increased sediment supply along the coast. In a regional context, dune ridge building was controlled by the inherited morphology of the shoreline that forms a large-scale embayment favouring sediment surplus and regressive conditions in the inner part to the embayment and sediment deficit and transgressive conditions along protruding parts of the embayment. It is further argued that increased marine sediment supply due to changes in local to regional scale coastal morphology and changes in climatic drivers can be equally important controlling dune ridge formation.
•OSL dating constrains coastal dune ridge building; barrier island of Fanø, Denmark.•Dune ridge formation appears to be mainly controlled by marine sediment supply.•Dune ridge building is linked to large-scale coast morphological changes.•No temporal synchronicity in dune ridge building in the Wadden Sea•Pulsed sediment supply after major storm surges can drive dune ridge formation.
High-definition approaches are currently revolutionizing our understanding of the archaeology of urban archives. Multi-proxy studies at a high spatial resolution offer especially an opportunity to ...capture their high data potential. Here we present a study of complex floor layers from an occupation phase dating to c. AD 790–830 uncovered in the Viking-age emporium Ribe, Denmark (c. AD 700–900). In order to better understand stratigraphy and the use of indoor space, mapping for soil geochemistry (portable X-ray fluorescence analysis, pXRF) on a high-resolution grid (0.25 × 0.25 m, n = 1059), was combined with targeted sampling for soil micromorphology and artefact distributions. The results show that the studied occupation phase was composed of several short-lived floor phases belonging to two consecutive houses that had been sampled in conjunction, and which exhibited a complex stratigraphy. The older house phase had a primarily domestic function, where ten functional areas could be defined, and are interpreted as designated spaces for food preparation, storage, sitting or sleeping, and weaving. A younger house phase contained a metal workshop in addition to domestic functions. Methodologically, a number of new, potentially anthropogenic, elements of archaeological interest, such as arsenic, manganese and sulfur, were identified that may contribute to interpretations, while the multi-proxy approach elucidates the refined scale at which we can understand a complex stratigraphic sequence and the integrity of its units. This study shows how the various aspects of Viking-age urban life (craft production, domestic life) were integrated, and sheds light on the dynamics of urban occupation.
Jela sa sastavnicom
jadranska riba
ili
jadranski školjkaš
tipična su jela dalmatinske kuhinje i time se ubrajaju u skupinu hrvatskih gastronomskih kulturema, koje u tekstnoj vrsti jelovnik treba ...prevoditi s osobitom pozornošću s obzirom na značaj koji imaju u hrvatskoj gastroturističkoj ponudi. Analiza zadarskih hrvatsko-njemačkih jelovnika pokazuje da su polazni tekstovi upravo u ovoj skupini autohtonih jela vrlo manjkavi jer potencijalnom prevoditelju ne daju ni najmanju informaciju o tradicionalnom načinu pripreme. Sa stanovišta funkcionalističkih prijevodnih teorija ni njihovi prijevodi na njemački jezik nisu funkcionalni ni u skladu s očekivanjima primatelja u odnosu na tekstnu vrstu. Polazeći od spoznaja funkcionalističkih teorija, teorije skoposa Reiß i Vermeera (1984) i teorije prijevodnoga djelovanja Holz-Mänttäri (1984) te modela dizajniranja teksta Holz-Mänttäri (1993, 2009), u radu se rekonstruiraju nedostaci polaznih tekstova sa sastavnicom
jadranska riba
ili
jadranski školjkaš
u odnosu na funkcionalne i prikladno dizajnirane tekstove. Ciljni tekstovi na njemačkom jeziku u kojima se daju jasni nazivi hrvatskih autohtonih jela i način njihove pripreme time ispunjavaju svrhu i dobivaju zasluženi potencijal, koji im pripada u gastronomskoj promidžbi naše zemlje.
Dishes whose names contain the lexical unit
Adriatic fish
or
Adriatic shellfish
represent typical dishes of Dalmatian cuisine. Considering their status as Croatian gastronomic culturemes and their significance in the Croatian gastronomic offer, the names of these dishes need to be translated very carefully and precisely in menus, as a specific text type. The analysis of menus offered in Zadar, in Croatian and German, indicates that the source texts that give information about these indigenous dishes lack informativness, since they do not provide the translator with enough information about the traditional ways of perparing these dishes. From the perspective of functionalist translation theories, it can be assessed that the translations of these texts in German are not functional and they do not meet the expectations of the target recipients regarding the given text type. Starting from functionalist translation theories, Skopos theory (Reiß and Vermeer 1984), theory of translation action (Holz-Mänttäri 1984) and the text design model (Holz-Mänttäri 1993, 2009), the author of this paper reconstructs source texts lacking sufficient information, which contain the lexical unit
Adriatic fish
and
Adriatic shellfish
to create functional and adequately designed texts. Target texts in German, which are supplied with the names of original Croatian dishes and information about the ways these dishes are prepared are given new design that adds to their function and purpose and in that way, getting the place they deserve in the gastronomic promotion of our country.
Denmark experienced major socioeconomic changes, including overall population growth, during the Viking, medieval and post-medieval periods from ca. AD 800 to 1800. Archaeological skeletons provide a ...unique perspective on the population structure of Ribe, a Danish town in Jutland, during the millennium that immediately precedes the industrialization of northern Europe. This skeletal study adds temporal depth to our understanding of an overall trend toward longer life as seen from historical records and in modern studies. Adult male and female mean age at death and mortality profiles during three time periods are based on 943 adult skeletons from three urban cemeteries that collectively represent a cross-section of this urban community. For both males and females, the mean age at death decreased slightly from the Viking (males 38.5 years, females 38.6 years) to the medieval (males 37.4 years, females 36.9 years) periods. This decline was followed by an increase in mean age at death for both sexes from the medieval to post-medieval (males 40.4 years, females 43.2 years) periods, a notable gain of 3.0 and 6.3 years for men and women, respectively.
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