In the first book to present the history of Baltimore school desegregation, Howell S. Baum shows how good intentions got stuck on what Gunnar Myrdal called the "American Dilemma." Immediately after ...the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision, the city's liberal school board voted to desegregate and adopted a free choice policy that made integration voluntary.
Baltimore's school desegregation proceeded peacefully, without the resistance or violence that occurred elsewhere. However, few whites chose to attend school with blacks, and after a few years of modest desegregation, schools resegregated and became increasingly segregated. The school board never changed its policy. Black leaders had urged the board to adopt free choice and, despite the limited desegregation, continued to support the policy and never sued the board to do anything else.
Baum finds that American liberalism is the key to explaining how this happened. Myrdal observed that many whites believed in equality in the abstract but considered blacks inferior and treated them unequally. School officials were classical liberals who saw the world in terms of individuals, not races. They adopted a desegregation policy that explicitly ignored students' race and asserted that all students were equal in freedom to choose schools, while their policy let whites who disliked blacks avoid integration. School officials' liberal thinking hindered them from understanding or talking about the city's history of racial segregation, continuing barriers to desegregation, and realistic change strategies.
From the classroom to city hall, Baum examines how Baltimore's distinct identity as a border city between North and South shaped local conversations about the national conflict over race and equality. The city's history of wrestling with the legacy of Brown reveals Americans' preferred way of dealing with racial issues: not talking about race. This avoidance, Baum concludes, allows segregation to continue.
Enduring Legacy describes a multifaceted paradox—a constant struggle between those who espouse a message of hope and inclusion and others who systematically plan for exclusion. Structured inequality ...in the nation’s schools is deeply connected to social stratification within American society. This paradox began in the eighteenth century and has proved an enduring legacy. Mark Ryan provides historical, political, and pedagogical contexts for teacher candidates—not only to comprehend the nature of racial segregation but, as future educators, to understand their own professional responsibilities, both in the community and in the school, to strive for an integrated classroom where all children have a chance to succeed. The goal of providing every child a world-class education is an ethical imperative, an inherent necessity for a functioning pluralistic democracy. The challenge is both great and growing, for teachers today will face an evermore segregated American classroom.
The aim of the present study is to identify educational language devices that primary school pupils produce within non-fiction texts and to examine them with regard to their form-function ...relationship within non-fiction texts. The study is based on 474 texts written by learners in the second to fourth grades. In order to correspond to the complexity of the object of research, all 474 texts were first examined for the realisation of educational language devices by means of a cross-method triangulation with sequential design with the help of a quantitative frequency analysis on the basis of a deductively developed category system. Subsequently, a partial corpus (n=28) of the data material was selected by means of interleaved sampling and a content-structuring qualitative content analysis was carried out on the basis of a deductively-inductively developed category system in order to relate the educational language devices back to their function. The results of the study complement the findings of previous studies and provide important indications for future research into the means and skills of the language of education. At the same time, the findings enable conclusions to be drawn for the design of language-sensitive subject teaching.
Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, bildungssprachliche Mittel, die Grundschüler/-innen innerhalb von Sachunterrichtstexten produzieren, zu identifizieren und diese hinsichtlich ihres Form-Funktions-Zusammenhangs innerhalb von Sachtexten zu untersuchen. Datengrundlage der Studie stellen 474 Texte von Lernenden der zweiten bis vierten Jahrgangsstufe dar. Um der Komplexität des Forschungsgegenstands zu entsprechen, wurden mittels einer methodenübergreifenden Triangulation mit sequentiellem Design zunächst alle 474 Texte mit Hilfe einer quantitativen Frequenzanalyse auf Grundlage eines deduktiv entwickelten Kategoriensystems auf die Realisierung bildungssprachlicher Mittel hin untersucht. Nachfolgend wurde mittels verschränktem Sampling ein Teilkorpus (n=28) des Datenmaterials ausgewählt und eine inhaltlich strukturierende qualitative Inhaltsanalyse auf Grundlage eines deduktiv-induktiv entwickelten Kategoriensystems durchgeführt, um die bildungssprachlichen Mittel auf ihre Funktion zurück zu beziehen. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung ergänzen die Befunde bisheriger Studien und liefern bedeutsame Hinweise für die zukünftige Erforschung bildungssprachlicher Mittel bzw. bildungssprachlicher Fähigkeiten. Gleichzeitig ermöglichen die Befunde Rückschlüsse für die Gestaltung eines sprachsensiblen Fachunterrichts. (DIPF/Orig.)
Arnold Krupat's From the Boarding Schools makes available
previously unheard Apache voices from the Indian boarding schools.
It includes selections from two unpublished autobiographies by Sam
Kenoi ...and Dan Nicholas, produced in the 1930s with the
anthropologist Morris Opler, as well as material by and about
Vincent Natalish, a contemporary of Kenoi and Nicholas. Natalish
was one of more than one hundred Apaches taken from Fort Marion to
the Carlisle Indian School by its superintendent, Captain Richard
Henry Pratt, in 1887. A considerable number of these students died
at the school, and many who were sent home for illness or poor
health did not recover. Natalish, however, remained at Carlisle and
graduated in 1899. He married, had a son, and lived and worked in
New York. He also actively sought the release of his relatives and
other Apaches held prisoner at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Apache people
have been telling and circulating stories among themselves for
generations. But in contrast to their neighbors the Hopis and the
Navajos, Apaches have produced relatively few written
autobiographical narratives, and even fewer about their boarding
school experiences. Supplementing the narratives with detailed
cultural and historical commentary, From the Boarding
Schools brings these lived experiences from the archives into
current discourse.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
The benefits of delaying school start times for secondary students are well‐established. However, no previous study has considered how changing school start times impacts sleep ...and daytime functioning for K‐12 teachers.
METHODS
Teachers in a large suburban school district completed 3 annual surveys (pre‐change n = 1687, post‐change n = 1857, follow‐up n = 1812) assessing sleep and daytime functioning.
RESULTS
With delayed start times, high school teachers had later rise times (high school HS: 28 minutes, middle school MS: 14 minutes), increased sleep duration (HS: 22 minutes, MS: 13 minutes), and improved daytime functioning. Improvements for middle school teachers were noted but were not statistically significant. With earlier start times, elementary teachers reported earlier bedtimes (9 minutes) and wake times (9 minutes), with no changes in sleep duration or daytime functioning.
IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY
Today's school health policies often focus on wellness. Findings from this study reveal that the policy of healthy school start times can have a significant, positive impact on adults who teach in later‐starting secondary schools. Later school start times for secondary teachers provide greater parity with their elementary colleagues in terms of sleep opportunity.
CONCLUSIONS
This study extends previous findings on how the policy of later secondary school start times improves the health and well‐being of adolescents, highlighting that healthy start times contribute to increased sleep opportunity for MS and HS teachers and improved daytime functioning for HS teachers, with changed start times having no significant negative effect on elementary school teachers.
The Impact of PDS Partnerships in Challenging Times is the follow up to Doing PDS: Stories and Strategies from Successful Clinically Rich Practice (2018). The first book included stories that ...described our experiences across more than twenty-five years of PDS partnerships. We sought to examine and chronicle the innovative ways we negotiate school-university collaboration while explaining the development of the SUNY Buffalo State PDS consortium. This second volume strives to explore the impact of our endeavors individually at each school/community site and collectively as an entire consortium to point to the important ways that school-university partnership contributes to all stakeholders and where we might do better. SUNY Buffalo State's PDS roots go back to 1991 with one local school partner. Today this school-university partnership consortium connects with over 100 schools with approximately 45 signed agreements each semester in Western New York, nationally, and internationally. The SUNY Buffalo State PDS consortium is grounded in three frameworks for clinically rich practice: (a) the National Association for Professional Development Schools Nine Essentials (Brindley, Field, & Lesson, 2008); (b) CAEP Standards for Excellence in Educator Preparation, Standard 2 (http://caepnet.org/ standards/standard-2, 2018); and (c) the Buffalo State Teacher Education Unit Conceptual Framework (https://epp.buffalostate.edu/conceptualframework, 2018). Through specific examples, each chapter utilizes a case study approach to describe the nature of various partnerships situated in research with a focus on the impact of the partnership. The chapters are intentionally succinct to provide a focused look at a particular partnership activity as each contributes to the larger goals of the entire consortium. Every chapter follows a similar structure - defining a challenge identified by the members of the consortium, a review of the relevant literature, an explanation of how the school/community liaison team responded to the challenge and the data gathered to determine impact, an "impact at a glance" chart to report the findings, and an identification of the necessary next steps in the project.
From an educational-historical view this book analyses the cultural models that underlie the conception and organisation of secondary teacher education and the professionalisation of future secondary ...school teachers in Europe. Based on different conceptions of school, citizenship and the teaching profession these models have an enormous influence on school policy. Taking the examples of Italy and Germany, the complex history of teacher education is reconstructed and analysed. The various articles deal in a long-term view with the emergence of national models of teacher education at the end of the 18th century, their consolidation in the 19th and 20th centuries and their transnational transformation between past and present.
"Der Band setzt sich bildungsgeschichtlich mit den kulturellen Modellen auseinander, die im europäischen Kontext der Konzeption und der Organisation der Lehrerbildung im Sekundarbereich und der Professionalisierung der zukünftigen Gymnasiallehrer zugrunde liegen. Sie gehen von unterschiedlichen Vorstellungen von Schule, Bürgerschaft und Lehrberuf aus und haben einen enormen Einfluss auf die Schulpolitik. An den beiden exemplarischen Fällen Italien und Deutschland wird die vielschichtige Geschichte der Lehrerbildung historisch rekonstruiert und analysiert. In einer Langzeitbetrachtung befassen sich die einzelnen Beiträge mit der Entstehung nationaler Modelle der Lehrerbildung am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts, mit ihrer Konsolidierung im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert und ihrer transnationalen Transformation in der Gegenwart."
The University of California, San Francisco’s Healthy Environments and Response to Trauma in Schools (HEARTS) Program promotes school success for trauma-impacted students through a whole-school ...approach utilizing the response to intervention multi-tiered framework. Tier 1 involves school-wide universal supports to change school cultures into learning environments that are more safe, supportive and trauma-informed. Tier 2 involves capacity building with school staff to facilitate the incorporation of a trauma-informed lens into the development of supports for at-risk students, school-wide concerns and disciplinary procedures. Tier 3 involves intensive interventions for students suffering from the impact of trauma. Program evaluation questions were: (1) Was there an increase in school personnel’s knowledge about addressing trauma and in their use of trauma-sensitive practices? (2) Was there an improvement in students’ school engagement? (3) Was there a decrease in behavioral problems associated with loss of students’ instructional time due to disciplinary measures taken? (4) Was there a decrease in trauma-related symptoms in students who received HEARTS therapy? Results indicate preliminary support for the effectiveness of the HEARTS program for each of the evaluation questions examined, suggesting that a whole-school, multi-tiered approach providing support at the student, school personnel and system levels can help mitigate the effects of trauma and chronic stress. Key areas for further studies include (a) an examination of data across more HEARTS schools that includes comparison control schools and (b) disaggregating disciplinary data by race and ethnicity to determine whether disproportionality in the meting out of disciplinary actions is reduced.
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