A century of selection Ryan, Ann Marie; Ployhart, Robert E
Annual review of psychology,
01/2014, Volume:
65
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Over 100 years of psychological research on employee selection has yielded many advances, but the field continues to tackle controversies and challenging problems, revisit once-settled topics, and ...expand its borders. This review discusses recent advances in designing, implementing, and evaluating selection systems. Key trends such as expanding the criterion space, improving situational judgment tests, and tackling socially desirable responding are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the ways in which technology has substantially altered the selection research and practice landscape. Other areas where practice lacks a research base are noted, and directions for future research are discussed.
A study of more than 650 toddlers found that two polyunsaturated fatty acids were associated with fewer cases of allergic rhinitis (hay fever) in children who had been exposed prenatally to higher ...levels of PM2.5.A study of more than 650 toddlers found that two polyunsaturated fatty acids were associated with fewer cases of allergic rhinitis (hay fever) in children who had been exposed prenatally to higher levels of PM2.5.
Most tools that measure environmental health literacy are broad in nature. Researchers have now developed a tool specific to phthalate awareness and behaviors as they relate to reproductive ...health.Most tools that measure environmental health literacy are broad in nature. Researchers have now developed a tool specific to phthalate awareness and behaviors as they relate to reproductive health.
Mice exposed orally to microspheres showed changes in lipid and other metabolic pathways, and the particles were detected in tissues throughout the body. Changes were greater after exposure to mixed ...microplastics compared with polystyrene alone.Mice exposed orally to microspheres showed changes in lipid and other metabolic pathways, and the particles were detected in tissues throughout the body. Changes were greater after exposure to mixed microplastics compared with polystyrene alone.
Human cells and zebrafish coexposed to nanoplastics and the sunscreen ingredient homosalate showed more plastics in tissues, estrogenic activity, and relevant gene expression changes than they showed ...after either exposure alone.Human cells and zebrafish coexposed to nanoplastics and the sunscreen ingredient homosalate showed more plastics in tissues, estrogenic activity, and relevant gene expression changes than they showed after either exposure alone.
Glumm takes first hand accounts of private psychiatric hospitals policies and shows that there is often willful neglect of patients who do not have the money to pay, and sometimes there is even ...manipulation on behalf of psychiatrists and nurses to keep people in therapy just to run up their expenses with insurance companies, only to miraculously cure them when their coverage runs out. Testimonial statements during congressional hearings are made available in this text, and the book describes what political fallout occurred, if any, once patients stepped forward to report their lack of care. While most of the evidence in this book is circumstantial, and based on anecdotal stories, the implication is that neglect is widespread. Glumm, borrowing from Sjoberg and Vaughn, offers a new way of understanding psychiatric care in private hospitals social triage. Unlike medical triage, social triage looks to the needs of the organization and sorts out clients according to the impact they will have on its survival, and divides people whether or not they will be profitable, marginal, or costly. In private hospitals health care is rationed according to the demands of organizational efficiency.
Finding the right candidate for administrative, professional and faculty positions is one of the most important tasks that any institution or enterprise undertakes. However, few higher education ...professionals receive training on the search committee process, but are expected to serve on or lead committees. This book provides advice, training, and a step-by-step guide for conducting a rigorous, thorough search. Following the expert model presented in this book will virtually guarantee successful searches. This guide furthermore provides advanced diversity selection techniques that are not commonly found in many resources inside or outside of higher education, and that have become institutional priorities in the context of demographic changes and globalization that require that higher education serve more diverse populations and compete internationally. This guide covers the complete cycle of hiring, starting with defining the position and forming and briefing the committee, through cultivating a rich and diverse pool of candidates and screening and evaluating candidates, to making the selection, successfully completing the search successfully, and welcoming colleagues to campus. This volume includes over 30 templates that are designed to be copied and used as training handouts or as handy reference and resource materials that provide guidance at various stages of the search process. The over two dozen vignettes included can be used as training case studies or as expert advice that illuminates key concepts that are helpful with improving the quality of the search process. The guide includes:
An expert step-by-step search model.
Dozens of templates, samples, tools, plus a bank of interview questions.
Diversity recruitment and selection protocols and techniques.
Resource guide with advice, case studies, examples, and training materials.
Coverage includes:
How to Build a Successful Search
Recruiting Guide
How to Design a Diverse Selection Process
Minority Re
The use of regression analysis has been instrumental in allowing evolutionary biologists to estimate the strength and mode of natural selection. Although directional and correlational selection ...gradients are equal to their corresponding regression coefficients, quadratic regression coefficients must be doubled to estimate stabilizing/disruptive selection gradients. Based on a sample of 33 papers published in Evolution between 2002 and 2007, at least 78% of papers have not doubled quadratic regression coefficients, leading to an appreciable underestimate of the strength of stabilizing and disruptive selection. Proper treatment of quadratic regression coefficients is necessary for estimation of fitness surfaces and contour plots, canonical analysis of the γ matrix, and modeling the evolution of populations on an adaptive landscape.
Despite the potential for rapid evolution, stasis is commonly observed over geological timescales—the so-called "paradox of stasis." This paradox would be resolved if stabilizing selection were ...common, but stabilizing selection is infrequently detected in natural populations. We hypothesize a simple solution to this apparent disconnect: stabilizing selection is hard to detect empirically once populations have adapted to a fitness peak. To test this hypothesis, we developed an individual-based model of a population evolving under an invariant stabilizing fitness function. Stabilizing selection on the population was infrequently detected in an "empirical" sampling protocol, because (1) trait variation was low relative to the fitness peak breadth; (2) nonselective deaths masked selection; (3) populations wandered around the fitness peak; and (4) sample sizes were typically too small. Moreover, the addition of negative frequency-dependent selection further hindered detection by flattening or even dimpling the fitness peak, a phenomenon we term "squashed stabilizing selection." Our model demonstrates that stabilizing selection provides a plausible resolution to the paradox of stasis despite its infrequent detection in nature. The key reason is that selection "erases its traces": once populations have adapted to a fitness peak, they are no longer expected to exhibit detectable stabilizing selection.
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