Butlers, 'the chief manservants of a house', remain one of the essential icons in Japanese ACGN (animation, comics, gaming, novels) culture, including Boys' Love (BL), a genre featuring erotic or ...romantic relationships between men. In mainstream BL works, butlers are very often portrayed by writers and artists as capable, handsome and even sexy. Interestingly, even though they have to take their masters' orders, they tend to be the ones who dominate the master-servant relationships. Based on Pamela Regis's model of romance elements and Dru Pagliassotti's study of BL writing formula, this paper examines the entangled relationship of love, lust and power between the master and his butler in Shoko Hidaka's well-received BL manga Blue Morning. The progressive development of bond and tension between these two protagonists indicates an emerging domestic partnership. Such a partnership, it is argued, fulfils BL readers' expectation for 'equal love' by subverting and testing the limits of social conventions.
The concept of "ecosystem services" was developed to promote conservation and is intended to throw light on how changes in biodiversity over time relate to human appreciations of it. The authors ...examine to how well the perceptions of the residents of a village, Kotoudéni, in the Kenedougou province of Burkina Faso may be captured by this notion. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 23 inhabitants to determine their social status and elicit comments on the component zones of the local landscape (terroir villager), the relative importance of those zones, their distinctive uses, the religions, “tradition” and the interviewees’ reactions to ongoing environmental and social change. The local farmers’ understanding of "ecosystem services" as revealed in the course of these interviews is here contrasted with the categories of the MEA classification (2005). While the material uses match rather well the MEA categories, the main service provided to the local residents by their ecosystems is the organization of their world and a guarantee of harmony within that world through the action of invisible beings (ancestors and genies). Trying to insert this spiritual service in the category of cultural services is equivalent to disfigure it and deny its significance. This leads to the conclusion that such a standardized categorization cannot grasp cultural services : for them the use of wider anthropological approaches remains necessary.
This article examines the linguistic picture of the world of Anton Chekhov explores the nature of individual perception, implemented in the language of the writer. Words denoting colour, occupy an ...important place in the linguistic system. Author lexico-semantic field “colour-light designation” is more detailed than in the national language, composition. In the structure of the very constituents of the field, the tokens, there are changes, transformations: a complication semnai patterns of speech, because the semantics of the lexeme is influenced by the worldview of the artist. The greatest representativeness have the token black and white. They are characterized by the greatest frequency and complex semantic structure. Individual copyrights are the main categories of the attitude of the writer (death, boredom, sadness, indifference, loneliness). A. P. Chekhov displays adjectives beyond the underlying value, widely using them to create images. Building abstract images, the writer often takes inspiration from the visual image, including color.
The article deals with the Russian and German idioms involving the colours “white”, “black”, “red”, “blue”, “green”. The secondary meanings of the words have been studied to describe the specificity ...of the Russian and German understanding of the concepts of colour. It has been revealed that the Russian language puts the emphasis on the concepts of “white”, “black”, and “red”, while the German language is more likely to emphasize the concepts of “blue” and “green”. The outcomes of the research can be used by the teachers of German, as well as the interpreters.
In this paper, we investigate the problem of safety protection control for aero-engines. Without loss of generality, we consider one safety boundary which is the over-temperature. The outlet ...temperature of the high-pressure turbine, T 35 , is considered as the protected variable. Firstly, based on the switched equilibrium manifold expansion (SEME) model, the output, namely the protected temperature is modeled as a switched function. The switching law is on the basis of a proposed performance index which measures the accuracy of the expression for the temperature. Furthermore, based on the proposed output model, we construct an ideal temperature dynamic to design the temperature protection controller for any subsystem of the SEME model. The switching temperature protection controller can avoid the over-temperature for aero-engines effectively. Then we give a condition in order to guarantee the stability and safety simultaneously when the temperature protection controller takes over the aero-engine from the speed regulation controller. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a simulation of a two-spool turbofan engine model to verify the effectiveness.
In this article, the purpose is to set the different definitions of filer (fr.) in order. Indeed, it seems that observations about the verb valency and the properties of arguments requested enable us ...to appreciate its polysemic/homonymic nature. In that way, the theoretical distinction between semes and semic features is also particularly helpful.
The aim of the present study was to clarify the chemical composition of essential oil from seeds of Angelica (Angelica sylvestris) plants growing wild in Serbia. In the essential oil, a total of 27 ...compounds were detected, among which 22 compounds were identified (comprising 97.9% of all compounds), while five were unidentified (comprising 2.1%). The main components were limonene (66.6%) and α-pinene (19.0%), followed by camphene (1.9%), α-phellandrene (1.6%), bornyl acetate (1.6%), and trans-caryophyllene (1.0%), while all other compounds were present in amounts of less than 1.0%. The antibacterial effect of the essential oil of wild Angelica seeds was tested against two pathogenic bacteria that cause food poisoning, , viz., Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. According to the obtained results, S. aureus was more sensitive to A. sylvestris seed oil than E. coli. The minimal inhibitory concentrations were 28.40 µL/mL and 56.81 µL/mL, respectively, confirming a good antibacterial activity potential of the essential oil against E. coli and S. aureus, and indicating possibilities for its application in the food and pharmaceutical industries
The semantic characteristics of speech formulas of apology in the English language are considered. The article presents the results of seme analysis, with the help of which dictionary entries of ...verbs and adjectives, which form the basis of verbal formulas of apology, are investigated. Distinctive semantic features of each speech formula are established. The research urgency is caused by necessity of revealing the semantic framework in the study of linguistic and semiotic characteristics of the considered speech formulas of apology. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that by the date, a detailed analysis of the semantic characteristics of these speech formulas has not been carried out. There are differences in the semantics of the verbal formulas of apology in the English language: an apology with the word sorry is neutral, and it is the main way of expressing apology; the apology with the verb to excuse is given for the negative action; the apology from the verb to forgive is given for the negative state; the apology with the verb to apologise/ze additionally includes such semes as ‘official’ and ‘emphatic’; the apology with the verb regret includes semes of ‘regret’ and ‘formality’; the apology with the speech formula of I’m afraid includes seme ‘courtesy’ and is used to mitigate the subsequent unfavourable message. Functions in which the studied formulas can be used are revealed.
The designations “groups” and “communities” are examined as those given to associations of communicants on the Internet. The author states that the names of these associations have certain pragmatic ...tasks, since they are attracting the attention of Internet users and work on the expansion of groups. It is proved that the solution of such problems led to social semes in the names of unions. The author believes that the onomastic linguistic material (proper nouns) is also the part of social vocabulary. Social lexis refers to many words and expressions that serve as the designations of objects and phenomena of the life of society and a man because of his social characteristics - status, roles, etc. The relevance of the study is justified by the fact that there are no ideographic description of the social vocabulary in the Russian language and the concept of such a description. Analysis of the composition ofthe names of Internet communities allows to draw some conclusions regarding the features of group Internet communication. It is shown that the names of Internet communities are their hallmarks, that indicate the range of interests of participants of virtual communication in each group and the perception of social realities. The classification of categories depending on the method of education is given. It is concluded that many of the names include lexemes that characterize man from the standpoint of his social function.
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