Influenza Uyeki, Timothy M; Hui, David S; Zambon, Maria ...
The Lancet (British edition),
01/2022, Volume:
400, Issue:
10353
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Annual seasonal influenza epidemics of variable severity caused by influenza A and B virus infections result in substantial disease burden worldwide. Seasonal influenza virus circulation declined ...markedly in 2020–21 after SARS-CoV-2 emerged but increased in 2021–22. Most people with influenza have abrupt onset of respiratory symptoms and myalgia with or without fever and recover within 1 week, but some can experience severe or fatal complications. Prevention is primarily by annual influenza vaccination, with efforts underway to develop new vaccines with improved effectiveness. Sporadic zoonotic infections with novel influenza A viruses of avian or swine origin continue to pose pandemic threats. In this Seminar, we discuss updates of key influenza issues for clinicians, in particular epidemiology, virology, and pathogenesis, diagnostic testing including multiplex assays that detect influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2, complications, antiviral treatment, influenza vaccines, infection prevention, and non-pharmaceutical interventions, and highlight gaps in clinical management and priorities for clinical research.
Die COVID-19 Task Force der European Society of Hypertension (ESH) hat sich in einem Review erneut zur Bedeutung von Bluthochdruck und therapeutischer RAS-Blockade bei COVID-19-Patienten geäußert. ...Dargestellt und kritisch diskutiert werden v. a. die molekularen Mechanismen der Infektion und der RAS-Hemmung sowie die potenziellen klinischen Implikationen.
Coronavirus and Cardiometabolic Syndrome Mechanick, Jeffrey I.; Rosenson, Robert S.; Pinney, Sean P. ...
Journal of the American College of Cardiology,
10/2020, Volume:
76, Issue:
17
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exposes unexpected cardiovascular vulnerabilities and the need to improve cardiometabolic health. Four cardiometabolic drivers—abnormal adiposity, ...dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension—are examined in the context of COVID-19. Specific recommendations are provided for lifestyle change, despite social distancing restrictions, and pharmacotherapy, particularly for those with diabetes. Inpatient recommendations emphasize diligent and exclusive use of insulin to avert hyperglycemia in the face of hypercytokinemia and potential islet cell injury. Continuation of statins is advised, but initiating statin therapy to treat COVID-19 is as yet unsubstantiated by the evidence. The central role of the renin-angiotensin system is discussed. Research, knowledge, and practice gaps are analyzed with the intent to motivate prompt action. An emerging model of COVID-related cardiometabolic syndrome encompassing events before, during the acute phase, and subsequently in the chronic phase is presented to guide preventive measures and improve overall cardiometabolic health so future viral pandemics confer less threat.
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COVID-19 exposes epidemiological and mechanistic relationships with cardiometabolic links (abnormal adiposity, dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension).
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Lifestyle, glycemic control, and regulation of the RAS have important implications for management of patients with COVID-19.
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CIRCS applies to all stages of COVID-19 illness, including prevention, acute management, and long-term outcomes.
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Further research should address gaps in current knowledge and clinical implementation of available strategies to mitigate the adverse consequences of CIRCS.
The emergence of a new coronavirus disease (coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19) has raised global concerns regarding the health and safety of a vulnerable population. Infection with severe acute ...respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) incites a profound inflammatory response leading to tissue injury and organ failure. COVID-19 is characterized by the bidirectional relationship between inflammation and thrombosis. The clinical syndrome is propelled by inflammation producing acute lung injury, large-vessel thrombosis, and in situ microthrombi that may contribute to organ failure. Myocardial injury is common, but true myocarditis is rare. Elderly patients, those with established cardiovascular disease, and mechanically ventilated patients face the highest mortality risk. Therapies for COVID-19 are evolving. The antiviral drug remdesivir, dexamethasone, transfusion of convalescent plasma, and use of antithrombotic therapy are promising. Most require additional prospective studies. Although most patients recover, those who survive severe illness may experience persistent physical and psychological disabilities.
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting millions of people worldwide.
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Clinical sequelae result largely from an intense inflammatory response triggering large-vessel and microvascular thrombosis.
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No therapy has been universally effective for COVID-19, but systemic anticoagulation, remdesivir, and corticosteroids hold promise.
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Long-term sequelae of COVID-19 are variable and incompletely defined, but physical and psychological disabilities can persist.
The cardiovascular system is affected broadly by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Both direct viral infection and indirect injury resulting from inflammation, endothelial ...activation, and microvascular thrombosis occur in the context of coronavirus disease 2019. What determines the extent of cardiovascular injury is the amount of viral inoculum, the magnitude of the host immune response, and the presence of co-morbidities. Myocardial injury occurs in approximately one-quarter of hospitalized patients and is associated with a greater need for mechanical ventilator support and higher hospital mortality. The central pathophysiology underlying cardiovascular injury is the interplay between virus binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and the impact this action has on the renin-angiotensin system, the body’s innate immune response, and the vascular response to cytokine production. The purpose of this review was to describe the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular injury, including that of thromboembolic disease and arrhythmia, and to discuss their clinical sequelae.
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The cardiovascular system is affected in diverse ways by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (COVID-19).
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Myocardial injury can be detected in ∼25% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and is associated with an increased risk of mortality.
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Described mechanisms of myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19 include oxygen supply–demand imbalance, direct viral myocardial invasion, inflammation, coronary plaque rupture with acute myocardial infarction, microvascular thrombosis, and adrenergic stress.
The exposome serves as a popular framework in which to study exposures from chemical and nonchemical stressors across the life course and the differing roles that these exposures can play in human ...health. As a result, data relevant to the exposome have been used as a resource in the quest to untangle complicated health trajectories and help connect the dots from exposures to adverse outcome pathways.
The primary aim of this methods seminar is to clarify and review preprocessing techniques critical for accurate and effective external exposomic data analysis. Scalability is emphasized through an application of highly innovative combinatorial techniques coupled with more traditional statistical strategies. The Public Health Exposome is used as an archetypical model. The novelty and innovation of this seminar's focus stem from its methodical, comprehensive treatment of preprocessing and its demonstration of the positive effects preprocessing can have on downstream analytics.
State-of-the-art technologies are described for data harmonization and to mitigate noise, which can stymie downstream interpretation, and to select key exposomic features, without which analytics may lose focus. A main task is the reduction of multicollinearity, a particularly formidable problem that frequently arises from repeated measurements of similar events taken at various times and from multiple sources. Empirical results highlight the effectiveness of a carefully planned preprocessing workflow as demonstrated in the context of more highly concentrated variable lists, improved correlational distributions, and enhanced downstream analytics for latent relationship discovery. The nascent field of exposome science can be characterized by the need to analyze and interpret a complex confluence of highly inhomogeneous spatial and temporal data, which may present formidable challenges to even the most powerful analytical tools. A systematic approach to preprocessing can therefore provide an essential first step in the application of modern computer and data science methods. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12901.
The article describes the experience of teachers of the Russian regional university in training IT specialists to develop an advertising product, while it is considered as an information resource ...developed as a result of targeted information activities of specialists. The article considers the structure and content of the components of professional competence of bachelors in the field of creating an advertising product by means of IT technologies, taking into account the levels of competence development of students in accordance with the development stages of an advertising product. The indicators of components of the considered professional competence are given, taking into account its development levels. Studying at the University, Bachelor students in the training course of "Applied Informatics" (speciality "Applied Informatics in design") get experience in creating an advertising product using IT technologies on the basis of methods of quasi-professional activity. For more effective training in this field, the following pedagogical conditions are developed and experimentally tested: a modular content structure of preparation for the use of IT technologies to create an advertising product, taking into account its development stages; the internal university training of teachers to use the information and communication technologies in the area of general pedagogical and subject orientation; the formation of experience of the bachelor quasi-professional activity on applied informatics through imitation of the future professional environment in the information and communication conditions of the university. Based on the example of conducted empirical research, that students of "Applied Informatics" course at the Russian University took part in, it is concluded that the purposeful implementation of special pedagogical conditions significantly affects the formation of all components of professional competence of bachelors in the field of development of an advertising product.
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