License to harass Nielsen, Laura Beth; Nielsen, Laura Beth
2004., 20090110, 2009, 2004, 2004-01-01
eBook
Offensive street speech--racist and sexist remarks that can make its targets feel both psychologically and physically threatened--is surprisingly common in our society. Many argue that this speech is ...so detestable that it should be banned under law. But is this an area covered by the First Amendment right to free speech? Or should it be banned? In this elegantly written book, Laura Beth Nielsen pursues the answers by probing the legal consciousness of ordinary citizens. Using a combination of field observations and in-depth, semistructured interviews, she surveys one hundred men and women, some of whom are routine targets of offensive speech, about how such speech affects their lives. Drawing on these interviews as well as an interdisciplinary body of scholarship, Nielsen argues that racist and sexist speech creates, reproduces, and reinforces existing systems of hierarchy in public places. The law works to normalize and justify offensive public interactions, she concludes, offering, in essence, a "license to harass." Nielsen relates the results of her interviews to statistical surveys that measure the impact of offensive speech on the public. Rather than arguing whether law is the appropriate remedy for offensive speech, she allows that the benefits to democracy, to community, and to society of allowing such speech may very well outweigh the burdens imposed. Nonetheless, these burdens, and the stories of the people who bear them, should not remain invisible and outside the debate.
Slander Scads flour can be used as a substitute in the processing of onion sticks. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the percentage of fish meal on the quality of organoleptic ...properties and chemical tests (water content and protein content) of onion sticks. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three times replications, the percentage of fish flour substitution on the treatment O (0%), A (2.5%), B (5%), and C (7.5%). The organoleptic and chemical tests results (water and protein ratio) obtained the best treatment, namely treatment B (5% Slander Scads flour substitution), 2.84% water ratio, and 11.81% protein ratio. The results showed that the substitution of Slander Scads flour could increase the protein content of brought sticks but had not increased the panelists' preference value.
Abandoned to Lust Knust, Jennifer; Lakoff, Andrew; Collier, Stephen J
2006., 20051109, 2005, 2006-09-22
eBook
Early Christians used charges of adultery, incest, and lascivious behavior to demonize their opponents, police insiders, resist pagan rulers, and define what it meant to be a Christian. Christians ...frequently claimed that they, and they alone were sexually virtuous, comparing themselves to those marked as outsiders, especially non-believers and "heretics," who were said to be controlled by lust and unable to rein in their carnal desires. True or not, these charges allowed Christians to present themselves as different from and morally superior to those around them. Through careful, innovative readings, Jennifer Knust explores the writings of Paul, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus of Lyons, and other early Christian authors who argued that Christ alone made self-mastery possible. Rejection of Christ led to both immoral sexual behavior and, ultimately, alienation and punishment from God. Knust considers how Christian writers participated in a long tradition of rhetorical invective, a rhetoric that was often employed to defend status and difference. Christians borrowed, deployed, and reconfigured classical rhetorical techniques, turning them against their rulers to undercut their moral and political authority. Knust also examines the use of accusations of licentiousness in conflicts between rival groups of Christians. Portraying rival sects as depraved allowed accusers to claim their own group as representative of "true Christianity." Knust's book also reveals the ways in which sexual slurs and their use in early Christian writings reflected cultural and gendered assumptions about what constituted purity, morality, and truth. In doing so, Abandoned to Lust highlights the complex interrelationships between sex, gender, and sexuality within the classical, biblical, and early-Christian traditions.
A number of Shakespeare editors and critics write that Lucio impregnated one of the Mistress Overdone's punks. Close reading reveals that this assessment of one young woman's virtue reflects a ...distortion of the chronology of events, which in turn gravely trivializes the impact of Lucio's promiscuous sex and slander offenses. Establishing this chronology is critical; the evidence is thin, but not inconclusive, and indeed it all points one way. Some may be familiar with Occam's razor, which suggests that people should favor the simplest explanation. Others may be aware of Occam's broom, which describes the case where matters that invalidate a favored explanation are quietly swept under the carpet. Kate Keepdown never appears on stage, even silently; but, nowhere in the text are they informed that she still works, or ever worked, in one of the Mistress Overdone's brothels. Many infer as much; but when did she, if ever? To find out, people must first hop-scotch through Shakespeare's text to assemble the chronology of her amorous liaison with Lucio and its consequences.
The internet has reshaped the media landscape and the social institutions built upon it. Competition from online media sources has decimated local journalism and diminished the twentieth century's ...established journalistic gatekeepers. Social media puts individual users front and center in the creation of the content that they consume. Harmful speech can spread further and faster, and the institutions responsible for policing that speech-Facebook, TikTok, YouTube and the like-lack any clear twentieth-century analog. The law is still working to catch up to the world these changes have wrought. This volume gathers sixteen scholars in law, media, technology, and history to consider these changes. Chapters explore the breakdown of trust in the media, changes in the law of defamation and privacy, challenges of online content moderation, and financial viability for journalistic enterprises in the internet age. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
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