The widespread conflation between having a sexual interest in children and engaging in sexually abusive behavior contributes significantly to elevated levels of stigma targeted at people living with ...a sexual interest in children. Stigmatization and societal punitiveness surrounding people living with these interests can impact their well-being, obstruct help-seeking, and potentially increase risk of offending behavior. Recent quantitative research employing stigma intervention strategies has produced encouraging results in reducing stigmatizing attitudes toward this population. The current study sought to expand on quantitative research findings to explore qualitatively the facilitators and barriers to understanding and accepting people living with sexual interest in children. Thirty participants were interviewed following completion of an online stigma intervention study. Participants were asked about their attitudinal responses to the earlier study and how personal and professional experiences contributed to shaping their attitudes surrounding people living with a sexual interest in children. Reflexive inductive thematic analysis was used to explore what factors promote understanding and what factors act as barriers to understanding people with sexual interest in children. The significance of experiences which challenged the dominant social narrative was identified across several themes which facilitated understanding and acceptance of people who have a sexual interest in children. Themes which reflected barriers to understanding included difficulty comprehending alternate narratives, parental concern, and reinforcement of current stereotypes. Implications for developing stigma-reduction interventions and future research are discussed.
The present world has led in individuals to become ever more interested in the consumption of organic food. Accordingly, companies are incorporating these worries in their managerial decisions by ...paying special attention to market segmentation. In this context, a relevant target audience is that conformed by young Millennials, a group defined by its growing purchase power, its intense influence on societies, but also by its inconsistency in terms of pro‐environmental behaviors. In order to understand the mechanisms that rule the human behavior, motivations emerge as fair predictors of sustainable products consumption. Therefore, the present study aims at analyzing the motivations that stimulate young Millennials to purchase organic food. Hence, it was conducted a survey study with a total sample of 378 college students. Afterwards, once executed a cluster analysis, four differentiated groups were highlighted: amotivated (23.02%), who have no intention to perform any sort of organic purchase; socially‐influenced (24.34%), motivated to purchase organic due to social acceptance; self‐determined (25.92%), mainly autonomous in their organic food consumption; and conscience‐affected (26.72%), who behave organic for self‐esteem. Although data reveal the existence of an overall organic concern among the sample, only self‐determined individuals may be prone to maintain their behaviors among time since the intrinsic motivation they show is higher than that of the other groups. These findings are of undeniable interest. The study of the motivational system of young Millennials will allow companies in the organic food sector to adjust their offer to the relevant target and achieve an enduring organic consumption.
Social exclusion can thwart people's powerful need for social belonging. Whereas prior studies have focused primarily on how social exclusion influences complex and cognitively downstream social ...outcomes (e.g., memory, overt social judgments and behavior), the current research examined basic, early-in-the-cognitive-stream consequences of exclusion. Across 4 experiments, the threat of exclusion increased selective attention to smiling faces, reflecting an attunement to signs of social acceptance. Compared with nonexcluded participants, participants who experienced the threat of exclusion were faster to identify smiling faces within a "crowd" of discrepant faces (Experiment 1), fixated more of their attention on smiling faces in eye-tracking tasks (Experiments 2 and 3), and were slower to disengage their attention from smiling faces in a visual cueing experiment (Experiment 4). These attentional attunements were specific to positive, social targets. Excluded participants did not show heightened attention to faces conveying social disapproval or to positive nonsocial images. The threat of social exclusion motivates people to connect with sources of acceptance, which is manifested not only in "downstream" choices and behaviors but also at the level of basic, early-stage perceptual processing.
Violence against women and girls is widespread in the Caribbean, which may be due to heightened acceptance of such acts in this specific social context. In spite of this, studies investigating ...attitudes toward violence and their correlates among participants drawn from the region are missing. To address this void in the literature, we examined associations between violence exposure and victimization and two gender-based violence-related cognitions (attitudes toward male physical domestic violence and social norms regarding physical violence against girls) as well as general beliefs about violence using structural equation modeling. Participants were a sample of adolescent girls (n = 661; M age = 13.15) and boys (n = 639; M age = 13.22) from two Eastern Caribbean countries, Barbados and Grenada, recruited from 10 primary schools, nine secondary schools, and two youth offender centers. In considering that girls and boys were previously demonstrated to differ in their experiences as well as tolerance of violence, structural models were specified and tested separately for the two sexes. Results indicated that violence victimization was positively strongly associated with attitudes toward male physical domestic violence and social norms regarding physical violence against girls among boys. Increased violence victimization among girls, in turn, correlated with increased acceptance of social norms regarding physical violence against girls, but this relationship was weak. Violence exposure did not have any significant associations with any of the attitudinal variables included in the study. We discuss the importance of these findings for the development of appropriate gender-based violence prevention strategies for youths from the Eastern Caribbean.
Electrification of the transportation sector is one of the main drivers in the decarbonization of energy and mobility systems and it is a way to ensure security of energy supply. Public bus fleets ...can assist in achieving fast reduction of CO2 emissions. This article provides an analysis of a unique real-world dataset to support decision-makers in the decarbonization of public fleets and interlink it with the social acceptance of drivers. Data was collected from 21 fuel cell and electric buses. The tank-to-wheel efficiency results of fuel cell electric buses (FCEB) are much lower than that of battery electric buses (BEB), and there is a higher variation in consumption for BEBs compared to FCEBs. Both technologies permit a strong reduction in CO2 emissions, compared to conventional buses. There is a high level of acceptance of drivers which are likely to support the transition towards zero-emission buses introduced by the management.
•Real-world dataset analysis for battery electric and hydrogen fuelled buses;•Tank-to-wheel efficiency of electric buses is higher than that of hydrogen ones.•Strong reduction in CO2 emissions, compared to conventional and hybrid buses;•High level of acceptance of drivers - if well informed and trained
This study examined early adolescent autonomy and relatedness during disagreements with friends as key social competencies likely to predict academic achievement during the transition to high school ...and academic attainment into early adulthood. A sample of 184 adolescents was followed through age 29 to assess predictions to academic success from observed autonomy and relatedness during a disagreement task with a close friend. Observed autonomy and relatedness at age 13 predicted relative increases in grade point average (GPA) from 13 to 15, and greater academic attainment by age 29, after accounting for baseline GPA. Findings remained after accounting for peer acceptance, social competence, scholastic competence, externalizing and depressive symptoms, suggesting a key role for autonomy, and relatedness during disagreements in helping adolescents navigate challenges in the transition to high school and beyond.
Introduction
This study investigated the impact of different types of screen time on quality of life and participation in school-aged children.
Method
Twenty-nine typically developing children (mean ...age: 9.34
±
1.37, range: 8–14 years) and 20 of their parents completed the Children Screen Time Use Report, the KIDSCREEN-52 and the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth. Spearman rho correlations and linear regressions with bootstrapping were used to assess associations between screen time, health-related quality of life and activity participation.
Results
Regression analysis identified that passive screen time was a significant predictor of various KIDSCREEN-52 domains: physical wellbeing (b = −0.445, SE B = 0.008, p = .016), autonomy (b = −0.445, SE B = 0.011, p = .016) and social acceptance (b = 0.447, SE B = 0.007, p = .048). Educational, social and passive screen time were positively correlated with increased participation in home, community and school activities, respectively.
Conclusion
Findings suggest that passive screen time was mostly predictive of lower quality of life levels. However, passive, educational and social screen time positively correlate with participation in typically developing school-aged children. These findings assist occupational therapists to understand the impact of screen time on health and participation in children.
Rural Australians with diverse sexualities (queer) are at higher risk of poor mental health outcomes and suicidal ideation than their heterosexual and urban peers. This is particularly the case for ...young people aged 18-29 years experiencing a developmental period known as emerging adulthood marked by significant volatility and change. A sense of belonging is a fundamental human need and has been found to function as a protective factor against depression and suicidality in rural, queer, and emerging adult populations. However, studies have not explored how queer emerging adults experience belongingness in rural communities. This paper presents a qualitative, exploratory study of 11 rural queer emerging adult Australians and examines their experiences of belongingness utilizing a four-factor framework of belonging-assessing competencies, opportunities, motivations, and perceptions. The results indicate that negative perceptions of inclusion in rural areas inhibit a sense of belonging from being established, by influencing the individual's motivations to belong and the competencies they apply to belong. Lower levels of perceived social acceptance and queer visibility are two perceptions that repeatedly affect a sense of belonging. Interventions that address perceptions and competencies, and increase queer visibility in rural areas, could increase a sense of belonging for queer emerging adults in rural Australia.
Technological developments in the areas of robotics, autonomous flight controls, sensory equipment, and energy storage have enabled the rise of the commercial drone industry. Drones, also referred to ...as remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) are a versatile tool used in applications ranging from geological surveying to package delivery and vary in size from a few grams to several tons. With their increasing utilization by individuals, corporations, and the government, more must be done to understand how the public perceives their use. Studies have been performed all over the world and show an increasing level of support for drones, largely due to greater awareness of their existence and how they work. The last major survey performed in Canada was done in 2014 and found the public was rather opposed to the use of drones and preferred traditionally piloted aircraft in all 38 applications polled. Much has changed over the past eight years as the findings presented herein show the public is supportive of the technology in most applications. Factors leading to a higher level of support included age, gender, prior drone knowledge, and being a user of the technology. Applications of drones that were perceived to further the public interest such as search and rescue, firefighting, and climate research were also viewed more positively. Most drone user groups were viewed favorably except for journalists and corporations. Together, these results show the changing sentiment and opinions of Canadians and can be of use to industry stakeholders and governments for effectively using drones and developing policies to regulate them.
•The public is significantly more supportive of RPAS than in past Canadian studies.•The term “drone” is mostly associated with small commercial RPAS.•Participants were more supportive of drones than UAVs, suggesting a term influence.•Only three of the thirteen missions received more than 10% opposition.•Older individuals were more supportive of RPAS use when given the use circumstances.
Sexual assault (SA) on college campuses remains a prominent public health issue. This meta-analysis focuses on identifying all potential risk markers for college male SA perpetration. Using standard ...search procedures, a total of 25 studies yielding 89 unique effect sizes were included in the study. Significant risk markers were related to hegemonic masculinity (e.g., peer approval of SA, rape myth acceptance, sexist beliefs, hostility towards women), other forms of dating violence perpetration (e.g., physical and psychological dating violence perpetration), and the college party culture (e.g., binge drinking, alcohol and substance use, frequency of hook-ups). Psychological dating violence victimization, athletic team membership, race/ethnicity, relationship status, and religiosity were not significant risk markers for SA perpetration. Findings support potential benefits of SA prevention efforts prioritizing peer education/student leaders modeling SA disapproval, challenging hegemonic masculinity, healthy relationship and sexual education, as well as alcohol and substance use awareness.
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