RESUMEN: Determinar el perfil antropométrico y de composición corporal de los atletas ha sido -hasta hace poco- una herramienta fundamental para predecir el rendimiento deportivo y comportamiento ...biomecánico. Para este estudio, se evaluaron a 15 jugadores de la Selección Mexicana de Voleibol Varonil, con edad de 26,4 ± 4,73, previo a la XIV Copa Panamericana de Voleibol 2019. Se utilizó el protocolo ISAK para la toma antropométrica así como las ecuaciones de Carter & Heath para determinar el perfil antropométrico y somatotipo, el porcentajey kg de grasa, se calculó a partir de la ecuación de Durnin & Womersley, la masa muscular con el método De Rose y Gimares, y tejido óseo con la ecuación de Rocha. Resultados: el peso promedio fue de 85,45 kg (± 8,39), estatura 192,71 cm (± 7,15); somatotipo: endomorfo (2,3 ± 0,8), mesomorfo (4,0±1,4) y ectomorfo (3,6 ± 1,5). El % GC promedio fue de (3,6 ± 1,5), kg GC (11,2 ± 4,0), de % MM (43,8 ± 2,3), kg MM (37,3 ± 2,7), % TO (19,3 ± 1,8), KgTO (16,4 ± 1,2). Se concluye que la Selección Mexicana Varonil Mayor de Voleibol se encuentra dentro de los rangos competitivos de una Selección mayor; así como también muestra valores de referencia internacional. Presenta dos perfiles somatotípicos, endo-mesomórfico para jugadores defensivos y ecto-mesomórficos en jugadores ofensivos, beneficiando técnicamente su desempeño.
Whether a brachymorphic conformation may lead to electrocardiographic peculiarities diverging from generic reference intervals (RIs) cited in textbooks remains to be established. Therefore, this ...study aimed at evaluating electrocardiographic variables in one of the most common brachymorphic breed, namely the French Bulldog (FB).
Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify healthy FBs ≥1-year-old that underwent an electrocardiogram. The Mann–Whitney U test or the Student's t-test was used to compare continuous variables among male and female dogs, while the χ2 test was used for categorical variables. Spearman's correlation coefficients between electrocardiographic measurements and age and body weight were also calculated. Moreover, electrocardiographic RIs were determined.
Eighty healthy FBs were enrolled; their electrocardiographic variables fitted with generic RIs, with the exception of the QRS-complex mean electrical axis (QRS-MEA). The median QRS-MEA value was 43.5° (from −18° to +90°). A QRS-MEA shift was found in 24/80 (30%) dogs; in all cases, it was a left shift (median 26°, from −18° to +39°). Specifically, 20 dogs showed a slight left shift (from +39° to +14°), while four dogs showed a marked one (from +9° to −18°). No meaningful differences were found when comparing electrocardiographic variables between males and females. No significant correlations between electrocardiographic variables and age or body weight were found, with the exceptions of the P-wave amplitude, PQ-interval duration and QT-interval duration.
Healthy FBs can present a left shift of QRS-MEA. These data should be considered when interpreting FBs’ electrocardiograms.
The purpose of the present study was to describe the anthropometric characteristics, body composition and somatotype of elite male young runners (EYR), and to compare these variables according to the ...specialty in which they engaged (middle-distance vs. long-distance). This will enable an anthropometric profile chart to be established for them. Ninety EYR aged 17 to 23 years (18.4 ± 2.0) participated in the study. Athletes were divided into two groups according to the event in which they participated: middle-distance runners (MDR, n = 56) and long-distance runners (LDR, n = 34). Sixteen anthropometric variables were recorded for each participant: Weight, height, eight skinfolds, four girths, and two breadths. Body mass index (BMI), body composition and somatotype were calculated. Comparing MDR with the group of LDR, significant differences were found to exist for height, weight, relaxed upper arm girth, flexed and tensed upper arm girth, total upper arm area, upper arm muscle area, and thigh muscle area. No significant differences were observed in the other variables. MDR are taller, heavier and have larger girths than LDR. Coaches and sports scientists can use the data obtained to better control training, as well as for talent identification and athlete selection.
Somatotypic studies and their description of the human morphological configuration allow to appreciate impacts on eating habits and sedentary lifestyle. This study determined the somatotypic ...difference in Mapuche (NM) and non-Mapuche (NNM) children from Malleco, Chile. Through the ISAK protocol, 160 children with a mean age of 12.5 years, height 145.5 ± 3.5 cm and weight 43.7 ± 3 kg were evaluated, obtaining the following classifications: Group 12 years, Mapuche; mesoendomorphs. Non-Mapuche group 12 years; Endomesomorph. Group 13 years old, Mapuche; Mesoendomorphs. Non Mapuche group 13 years old; endomesomorph. The results indicate that for the age of 12 years, the NM presented lower values of endomorphy and higher values of mesomorphy (p≤0.01) than NNM. The 13-year-old NMs presented lower endomorphy and mesomorphy values (p≤0.01) than NNM. In conclusion, Mapuche schoolchildren present a mesomorphic predominance, however, NNM present a predominance of the endomorphic component.
The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the body composition and the somatotype of blind athletes of 5-a-side football of high-performance in different positions in play. Participated in ...this research 63 blind athletes (28.0 ± 5.8 years) from male of teams of 5-a-side football of high-performance.The athletes underwent an anthropometric evaluation to obtain the following measurements: skinfold thickness, body perimeters, bone diameters, height and total body mass. From these measurements, the following parameters were calculated: body fat percentage, lean mass percentage, Σ of the 9 skinfolds, body mass index and somatotype. Wing athletes showed a significant difference (p <0.05) with lower values for % G (17.4%) compared to fixed athletes (23.1%) and pivots (21.5%). A meso-endomorphic somatotype profile was obtained, with a predominance of the muscular component in the team and in all positions in play. The knowledge of body composition and somatotype of these blind athletes of 5-a-side footballcan contribute to guidance and monitoring of training, favoring sports performance.
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizary comparar la composición corporal y el somatotipo de atletas ciegos de fútbol 5 de alto rendimiento de diferentes posiciones de juego. Participaron de esta investigación 63 atletas (28,0±5,8años) de diferentes equipos masculinos defútbol5 de alto rendimiento. Los atletas fueron sometidos a una evaluación antropométrica a fin de para obtener las medidas: espesor de pliegues cutáneos, perímetros corporales, diámetros óseos, estatura y masa corporal total. A partir de estas medidas fueron calculados los siguientes parámetros: porcentaje de grasa corporal y porcentaje de masa magra, Σ de 9 pliegues cutáneos, índice de masa corporal y somatotipo. Los jugadores Alas presentaron valores inferiores en porcentaje de grasa (%G=17,4%) en comparación con los atletas Cierre (23,1%) y Pivot (21,5%), ambos con diferencia significativa (p<0,05). Se obtuvo un perfil somatotpio meso-endomorfo con predominancia del componente muscular, tanto para el grupo general como separadamente por posiciones de juego. El conocimiento de la composición corporal y del somatotipo de estos atletas de fútbol5 podrá contribuir hacia la orientación y el monitoreo de entrenamientos, favoreciendo el rendimiento deportivo.
Background and Objective: Musculoskeletal disorders are considered the primary health problem among military pilots. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ...temperament, Somatotype and some anthropometric variables and prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in military pilots. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study which was conducted in 2020, in Tehran, 100 military pilots from selected Air Force bases were participated. Prediction of injury was assessed by functional movement screen test. The pilots’ temperaments were determined by the standard natural temperament questionnaire. Somatotype was calculated using the Heath-Carter method. Anthropometric data were also collected. The relationship between variables was evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression and the difference between different temperaments in the values of variables was evaluated by one-way ANOVA (P < 0.05). Results: The mean age, weight and functional movement screen score of the pilots were 34.36±5.94, 84.68±8.55 and 17.99±1.59, respectively. Between cold and wet temperament (P = 0.01), endomorphic component of somatotype (P = 0.001), weight (P = 0.001), Body mass index (P = 0.001), waist (P = 0.001), hip (P = 0.001), flexed arm (P = 0.004) and calf (P = 0.006) circumference had a significant negative relationship with functional movement screen test score. Functional movement screen test showed a significant positive relationship only with ectomorphic component (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference between different temperaments in functional movement screen test score (P = 0.64). Multiple linear regression showed a significant negative relationship only between functional movement screen test score and endomorphic component (P = 0.01). Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that cold and wet temperament, weight, body mass index and endomorphic component of somatotype as individual characteristics are important factors that inversely related to functional movement screen test score of military pilots that should be considered.
Purpose. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of the morphological indicators of street workout (StW) athletes with different training experience (TE).
Materials and methods. The ...study involved StW athletes (n = 27). Athletes were divided into two groups: StW-1 (n = 13, age 15.15 ± 0.44 years, TE 1.56 ± 0.22 years); StW-2 (n = 14, age 16.57 ± 0.48 years, TE 2.64 ± 0.53 years). The body length and body mass were measured; the level and harmony of physical development were evaluated. The regression method was used. The handgrip was evaluated by hand dynamometry indicators Camry EH101 electronic dynamometer (China). The handgrip was measured by the maximum grip frequency in 10 s the electronic device "Kepai" (China). The content of muscle and adipose tissue were determined by the body composition monitor OMRON BF-511 (Japan).
Results. The average value of the strength index in the StW-1 was more than 60%, and in the StW-2 was more than 70%. The StW-2 had a significant excess of the hand dynamometry, power index, impulse index of both hands; index of static and dynamic grip of the left hand; specific weight of muscles. The average level of physical development was observed in (61.54 ± 13.49)%, above the average was observed in (23.08 ± 11.69)% of StW-1. Harmonious physical development had (38.46 ± 13.49)%. In StW-2, the average level of physical development had (64.29 ± 12.81)%, above the average had (21.43 ± 10.97)%. Harmonious physical development had (50.00 ± 13.36)%. In StW-1 (46.15 ± 13.83)% had a normal fat content and a fat level below normal. In StW-2, the normal fat content had (30.77 ± 12.80)%, and the low adipose tissue content was (69.23 ± 12.80)%.
Conclusions. All athletes had a high content of muscle tissue. It was confirmed the specific effect of StW on the body of athletes. Grip strength, specific weight of muscle component are predictors of success. The information content of the proposed indices for monitoring the functional state of athletes was confirmed.
Sport climbing has become a very popular and competitive sport. Despite growing interest in the research of climbing, there is still scant evidence regarding the adaptations it produces in the ...anthropometric characteristics of climbers. The objective of this study was to provide descriptive data about the anthropometric and somatotype characteristics of a group of elite and recreational climbers and compare them with a group of healthy non-climber volunteers. Twelve elite climbers (9 males and 3 females), 10 recreational climbers (7 males and 3 females), and 10 healthy non-climbers (6 males and 4 females) were assessed. Body mass, height, body mass index (BMI) and anthropometric measurements were used to obtain body fat percentage (BF%) and somatotype according to the Heath-Carter protocol. We found that females and males elite climbers (EC) have a significantly lower BF% and endomorphic component (p<0.05) than non-climbers (NC). EC males also showed a significantly lower (p<0.05) BMI than NC males. No differences were found between the anthropometric characteristics of EC and recreational climbers (RC); however, the EC had significantly higher mean results (p<0.05) in climbing ability level and years of experience. The mesomorphic component was dominant in both groups of climbers. We concluded that EC, both males and females, are thin individuals with a predominance of musculoskeletal development, significantly less endomorphic characteristics, more ectomorphic characteristics and a lower BF% than the general population.
The objective of this meta-analysis is to synthesise available research that has evaluated the anthropometric, morphological and somatotype characteristics of water polo players. Studies were ...identified through electronic databases and manually searched volumes of pertinent journals. It has been determined that a substantial share of the mesomorphic component characterises both male and female water polo players. The somatotype of the junior male section belongs to the balanced mesomorph, while the junior female section belongs to the endomesomorph somatotype. The research of anthropometric characteristics has yielded an average body height and weight of male and female water polo players. It has been determined that the average water polo player has undergone certain changes in terms of some anthropometric characteristics resulting from the secular trend and the morphological adaptation. Higher numerical values in terms of some skeletal dimensionality, voluminosity and body height and mass have proven to be significant indicators of athletic achievement of water polo players.
It was aimed to determine the change of facial asymmetry resulting from nasal septal deviation (SD) depending on age, gender, degree of deviation and the affected area besides the effect of SD on ...somatotype and craniofacial morphology.
171 volunteers (90 males, 81 females), 27 individuals aged 9–13, 44 individuals aged 14–18, 44 individuals aged 19–23 and 56 individuals in control group participated in the study conducted in otorhinolaryngology polyclinic.11 photometric, 16 anthropometric measurements were taken from the participants.
SD affects facial asymmetry formation, although not statistically significant compared to healthy individuals asymmetry rates (p˃0.05). It was determined that the degree of SD affected asymmetry only between the ages of 14–18 (in adolescence) and the development of asymmetry in all SD patients was not statistically dependent on age and gender (p˃0.05). Photometric measurements demonstrated asymmetries in horizontally-extending parameters of 1/3 middle part of face. There was no statistically significant difference in the cranial anthropometric measurements of the upper and lower 1/3 of the face compared to the control group (p˃0.05). The order of the most asymmetrical parameters is Alare-Zygion, Alare-Subnasale, Cheilion-Gonion, Exocanthion-Cheilion, Midsagittal plane-Zygion, Zygion-Cheilion, Zygion-Gonion, Subalare-Cheilion, Glabella-Exocanthion. In all participants were determined that endomorph somatotype was dominant in female and mesomorph somatotype was dominant in male besides SD did not affect somatotype and somatotype did not alter with age.
The development of facial asymmetry due to SD is not affected by age and gender furthermore SD does not affect craniofacial asymmetry and somatotype.
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