Purpose The purpose of this study was to find out whether they can contribute to the revitalization of urban communities. Methods This study conducted in-depth interviews and focus group interviews ...to collect qualitative data. The collected data were analyzed through the domain analysis and the classification analysis. Results The roles of sports club managers in leadership and network intermediaries were very important in the accumulation of social capital. The formation of staff members who work for the managing and activating sports clubs has created trust and satisfaction with the sport. Their activities contributed to the formation of social capital in sports clubs and played an important role in revitalizing sports clubs. Conclusions Sports club managers performed important roles in building trust and network with the club members and even other clubs through their leadership. These management activities are possibly contributed to the creation and accumulation as social capital. Therefore this research also showed the possibilities of extension to local community of the social capital through sports clubs.
PURPOSE This study examined the cultural experiences of tennis club members that have changed due to COVID-19, specifically emphasizing the accepted culture within these clubs. METHODS Seven tennis ...club members, with over five years of experience, active participation in two or more clubs, and a history of active participation, were interviewed using in-depth interviews and a semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS Firstly, the tennis club members accepted the “no contact” culture that has emerged since COVID-19. Secondly, social distancing made getting together in large groups difficult, and tennis club activities became more limited. This has led to weakening the tennis club community, which is different from what we have seen before. Lastly, the growing interest in non-traditional content has led to an increase in participants enjoying tennis through social media. The information and experiences gained through social media have changed the perception of coaching. CONCLUSIONS The cultures that tennis players have adopted due to COVID-19 are expected to continue in the future. The findings from this study may provide evidence for understanding the changing culture of sports in the future.
It is a common belief that most sports clubs and organisations are primarily focused on elite sports while placing less emphasis on the promotion of health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA). ...However, there is a lack of evidence on this topic in the scientific literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the level and correlates of the commitment of sports organisations in Europe to HEPA promotion.
Representatives of 536 sports organisations from 36 European countries responded to our survey. A multiple regression analysis was conducted with the commitment of sports organisation to HEPA promotion (0 "not at all" - 10 "most highly") as the outcome variable and organisation type ("national sport association" reference group ref, "European sports federation", "national umbrella sports organisation", "national Olympic committee", "national sport-for-all organisation"), headquarters in a European Union member state ("no" ref, "yes"), region of Europe ("Western" ref, "Central and Eastern", "Northern", "Southern"), commitment to elite sports ("low" ref, "medium", "high"), and awareness of Sports Club for Health (SCforH) guidelines ("no" ref, "yes") as explanatory variables.
Approximately 75.2% (95% confidence interval CI: 71.5, 78.8) of sports organisations were highly committed to elite sports. Only 28.2% (95% CI: 24.4, 32.0) of sports organisations reported a high commitment to HEPA promotion. A higher commitment to HEPA promotion was associated with the national Olympic committees (β = 1.48 95% CI: 0.41, 2.55, p = 0.007), national sport-for-all organisations (β = 1.68 95% CI: 0.74, 2.62, p < 0.001), location in Central and Eastern Europe (β = 0.56 95% CI: 0.01, 1.12, p = 0.047), and awareness of SCforH guidelines (β = 0.86 95% CI: 0.35, 1.37, p < 0.001).
From our findings, it seems that most sports organisations are primarily focused on elite sports. Coordinated actions at the European Union and national levels are needed to improve the promotion of HEPA through sports organisations. In this endeavour, it may be useful to consider national Olympic committees, national sport-for-all organisations, and relevant sports organisations in Central and Eastern Europe as role models and to raise the awareness of SCforH guidelines.
목적 본 연구는 스포츠클럽을 운영하는 운영진의 도시 공동체 활성화에 기여할 수 있는가에 대한 해답을 구하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 방법 본 연구는 정성적 데이터를 수집하기 위해 심층인터뷰와 표적집단면접을 실시하였다. 수집한 자료는 영역분석과 분류분석을 통해 분석하였다. 결과 사회자본을 축적하는 과정에서 스포츠클럽 운영진의 리더십과 네트워크 중개자로서 ...역할이 매우 중요하였다. 스포츠클럽의 운영과 활성화라는 목적을 위해 일하는 운영진을 구성하는 것이 구성원들의 신뢰와 스포츠활동에 대한 만족을 유발하였다. 이들의 활동은 스포츠클럽의 사회자본 형성에 기여하며, 스포츠클럽 활성화에 중요한 역할을 하였다. 결론 스포츠클럽 운영진들은 봉사정신을 바탕으로 하는 리더십을 통해 구성원 및 타클럽과의 신뢰와 네트워크를 형성하는데 중요한 역할을 하였다. 이러한 운영진의 활동은 사회자본을 형성하는데 기여하고 그 영향이 지역공동체로 확장될 가능성을 보여주었다.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to find out whether they can contribute to the revitalization of urban communities. Methods This study conducted in-depth interviews and focus group interviews to collect qualitative data. The collected data were analyzed through the domain analysis and the classification analysis. Results The roles of sports club managers in leadership and network intermediaries were very important in the accumulation of social capital. The formation of staff members who work for the managing and activating sports clubs has created trust and satisfaction with the sport. Their activities contributed to the formation of social capital in sports clubs and played an important role in revitalizing sports clubs. Conclusion Sports club managers performed important roles in building trust and network with the club members and even other clubs through their leadership. These management activities are possibly contributed to the creation and accumulation as social capital. Therefore this research also showed the possibilities of extension to local community of the social capital through sports clubs.
The specific objectives of this development research were (1) designing the concept of a student sports club in Bali, (2) developing the design of the student sports club model in Bali, and the ...guidelines for the establishment of a student sports club in Bali. This research used R&D design with procedure and product trial. The applied product of the research were 1) recommendation of analysis of the needs of the education, sports, and youth offices on the concept of a student sports club, (2) the design of the student sports club model in Bali, and (3) guidance on the formation of a student sports club in Bali. Applied products produced are expected to overcome the obstacles and difficulties experienced by education, sports, and youth offices to handle student sports clubs in Bali so that the establishment of a student sports club in Bali will have an impact on the development of sports achievement at a higher level.
SARS-CoV-2 can spread by close contact through large droplet spray and indirect contact via contaminated objects. There is mounting evidence that it can also be transmitted by inhalation of infected ...saliva aerosol particles. These particles are generated when breathing, talking, laughing, coughing or sneezing. It can be assumed that aerosol particle concentrations should be kept low in order to minimize the potential risk of airborne virus transmission. This paper presents measurements of aerosol particle concentrations in a gym, where saliva aerosol production is pronounced. 35 test persons performed physical exercise and aerosol particle concentrations, CO2 concentrations, air temperature and relative humidity were obtained in the room of 886 m³. A separate test was used to discriminate between human endogenous and exogenous aerosol particles. Aerosol particle removal by mechanical ventilation and mobile air cleaning units was measured. The gym test showed that ventilation with air-change rate ACH = 2.2 h−1, i.e. 4.5 times the minimum of the Dutch Building Code, was insufficient to stop the significant aerosol concentration rise over 30 min. Air cleaning alone with ACH = 1.39 h−1 had a similar effect as ventilation alone. Simplified mathematical models were engaged to provide further insight into ventilation, air cleaning and deposition. It was shown that combining the above-mentioned ventilation and air cleaning can reduce aerosol particle concentrations with 80 to 90% , depending on aerosol size. This combination of existing ventilation supplemented with air cleaning is energy efficient and can also be applied for other indoor environments.
•Aerosol particle concentration measurements in a gym with 35 exercising persons.•Assessment of deposition, ventilation and air cleaning (AC) for aerosol reduction.•Gym ventilation with ACH = 2.2 h−1 has similar effect as air cleaning with ACH = 1.39 h−1.•Application of simplified mathematical models to predict other scenarios.•Combining ventilation & AC gives reduction factors 2.3 up to 3.7 depending on aerosol size.
본 연구는 학교스포츠클럽을 운영하거나 지역단위 대회의 운영 지원 경험이 있는 교사들이 겪은 어려움을 질적으로 분석하고 현장의 견해를 중심으로 개선안을 모색하여 학교스포츠클럽의 지속가능한 방안을 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 학교스포츠클럽을 담당하거나 지역단위 학교스포츠클럽대회 운영을 지원한 경험이 있는 체육교사 4인을 선정하여 질적 연구를 ...실시하였다. 연구 자료는 개방형 설문, 심층 면담을 통해 수집하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 학교스포츠클럽의 문제점으로 첫째, 클럽 운영 및 관리 수요에 대한 안정적인 대응의 어려움, 둘째, 담당 업무와 근무에 대한 미흡한 보상체계, 셋째, 대회 참가와 운영 시 과도한 업무 부담과 지원 부족, 넷째, 지역 거버넌스의 부실한 구축과 지원 단체의 준비부족으로 나타났다. 논의에서는 개선 방안에 초점을 맞춰 첫째, 학생 중심의 운영 체계 구축과 업무의 합리적 조정, 둘째, 핵심 과제 수행형 거버넌스 모델 구축과 업무 매뉴얼 개발이 필요하다는 점을 제시하였다. 제언으로 학교스포츠클럽의 지속가능성을 위해 첫째, 학교스포츠클럽의 자생력 제고 및 체육 단체의 지원 강화, 둘째, 교사의 노동에 대한 적정 수준의 보상 체계 확립이 필요하다는 점을 제시하였다.
This study aims to explore sustainable solutions for school sports clubs by qualitatively analyzing the difficulties experienced by teachers who have managed or supported the operation of regional competitions, and by seeking improvement measures centered on field perspectives. To this end, four physical education teachers with experience in managing school sports clubs or supporting regional school sports club competitions were selected for qualitative research. Data were collected through open-ended surveys and in-depth interviews. The findings indicate several problems in school sports clubs: first, the difficulty of stably responding to the demand for club operation and management; second, an inadequate compensation system for the assigned tasks and workload; third, excessive workload and lack of support during competition participation and operation; fourth, poor establishment of regional governance and inadequate preparation by supporting organizations. The discussion focuses on improvement measures, suggesting the need to develop a student-centered operational system and rational adjustment of tasks, and to establish a core task performance-based governance model and develop operational manuals. The recommendations for improving school sports clubs are as follows: first, to enhance the self-sustainability of the clubs and to strengthen support from sports organizations; second, to establish a fair compensation system for teachers' labor.
Introduction
This study examined the correlates of gender stereotypes and the moderating role of membership in a voluntary sports club. Drawing on the contact hypothesis, this study argues that ...gender stereotypes are lower when individuals regularly have the opportunity to meet and play sport with such people, for example in a voluntary sports club.
Methods
Survey data from the European Values Study are used for the analysis (
n
= 36,185; 30 countries). Gender stereotypes are measured with statements on gender role attributes.
Results
Regression results show that membership in a voluntary sports club, being a student, income, and living in a more gender equal country significantly reduce gender stereotypes. On the contrary, male gender, living in a partnership, having children, lower and medium education, part-time employment, self-employment, unemployment, being a home maker, and living in a small town are correlates of higher gender stereotypes. Interacting the latter correlates with sports club membership support its moderating effect in the sense that most correlates turn insignificant or have smaller coefficients. The only variables retaining their coefficient size are self-employment and living in a small town.
Discussion
The findings support the contact hypothesis and suggest that sports clubs are places that lessen gender stereotypes.
Cet article propose d’étudier les clubs sportifs dans les petites villes du Massif central. Le club sportif est au croisement de plusieurs influences. Il participe à la vie locale mais il subit ...également les évolutions socio-spatiales et les recompositions qui ont cours dans son territoire. Nous chercherons donc à comprendre comme ces facteurs socio-démographiques se répercutent sur la vitalité des clubs sportifs locaux. Il apparaît que le lien entre dynamique démographique et dynamique sportive n’est pas seul suffisant pour expliquer les situations contrastées observées dans le Massif central. En effet, des évolutions contraires peuvent se retrouver à l’échelle d’une petite ville. Des études de cas plus poussées, dépassant le simple cadre statistique, permettent de de comprendre quels sont les autres facteurs qui interviennent localement et d’aborder des questions plus sociales et spatiales liées aux recompositions de ces petites villes.
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