Con el presente ensayo se pretende indagar acerca de posibles coincidencias en los momentos de recambio de los modelos de desarrollo económico observados en el último siglo y medio en Chile, y las ...concepciones predominantes presentes en las políticas sociales relativas a la protección especial de niños, niñas y adolescentes en condiciones de vulnerabilidad, considerando el mismo lapso. Se observan coincidencias entre las dos series de secuencias de recambio de modelos. Sin perjuicio de que la sucesión de modelos –económicos y de concepción del sujeto niño/niña– no ocurre en fechas precisas, sino sugiere períodos de transición, inclusive superposición o convivencia de los modelos en abandono y emergentes, se confirma una comunicación entre ambos campos.
BACKGROUND
Broad bean paste is a high nitrogen and high salt traditional Chinese condiment, which triggers biosynthesis of nitrogen hazards like biogenic amines (BAs). Mechanisms of association and ...applied research of functional safety and community assembly within multiple‐microbial fermentation are currently lacking. Here, bioaugmentation was performed based on the profiles of BAs accumulation and microbial succession to evaluate the functional variation within broad bean paste fermentation.
RESULTS
Putrescine, spermine, and spermidine were the main BAs during traditional broad bean paste fermentation. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Bacillus were the predominant bacteria, whereas Aspergillus and Zygosaccharomyces dominated in fungal species, and community structure shifted upon salt exposure. PICRUSt software uncovered that Bacillus contributed significantly (>1%) to the amine oxidase gene family. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 1‐G6 and Bacillus licheniformis 2‐B3 were screened to perform the bioaugmentation of broad bean paste, which achieved a 29% and 16% BA decrease respectively. Interaction network analysis showed that Cronobacter and Lactobacillus were significantly negatively correlated with Bacillus (ρ = −0.829 and ρ = −0.714, respectively, P < 0.05) in the B. amyloliquefaciens 1‐G6 group, and Staphylococcus and Buttiauxella were inhibited by Bacillus (ρ = −0.657 and ρ = −0.543, respectively, P < 0.05) in the B. licheniformis 2‐B3 group.
CONCLUSION
The synergism of amine oxidase activity and microbial interactions led to the decline of BAs. Thus, this study improves our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of microbial succession and functional variation to further facilitate the optimization of the fermented food industry.
The fine‐scale temporal dynamics of the chicken gut microbiome are unexplored, but thought to be critical for chicken health and productivity. Here, we monitored the fecal microbiome of healthy ...chickens on days 1–7, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 35 after hatching, and performed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in order to obtain a high‐resolution census of the fecal microbiome over time. In the period studied, the fecal microbiomes of the developing chickens showed a linear‐log increase in community richness and consistent shifts in community composition. Three successional stages were detected: the first stage was dominated by vertically transmitted or rapidly colonizing taxa including Streptococcus and Escherichia/Shigella; in the second stage beginning on day 4, these taxa were displaced by rapid‐growing taxa including Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcus‐like species variants; and in the third stage, starting on day 10, slow‐growing, specialist taxa including Candidatus Arthrobacter and Romboutsia were detected. The patterns of displacement and the previously reported ecological characteristics of many of the dominant taxa observed suggest that resource competition plays an important role in regulating successional dynamics in the developing chicken gut. We propose that the boundaries between successional stages (3–4 and 14–21 days after hatching) may be optimal times for microbiome interventions.
Here, we monitored the fecal microbiome of healthy chickens on days 1–7, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 35 after hatching, and performed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in order to obtain a high‐resolution census of the fecal microbiome over time. In the period studied, the fecal microbiomes of the developing chickens showed a linear‐log increase in community richness and consistent shifts in community composition. The patterns of displacement and the previously reported ecological characteristics of many of the dominant taxa observed suggest that resource competition plays an important role in regulating successional dynamics in the developing chicken gut.
In Hong Kong, as in many tropical areas, grasslands are maintained by fire on disturbed and abandoned land. However, Hong Kong’s native forests are regenerating in many areas, alongside frequent ...burning of the hillsides, and are in different stages of structural succession to closed canopy forest patches. Understanding the major determinants of secondary succession is a vital input to forest management policies. Given the importance of forests for biodiversity conservation, watershed protection and carbon cycling. This study examines the relationship between burning regimes and structural forest succession over 42 years from 1973 to 2015, using an archive of satellite images, aerial photographs and field plot data. Overlay of a fire frequency map with maps of forest structural classes at different dates indicates the number of fires undergone by each successional class as well as the time taken to progress from one class to another under different fire regimes. Results indicate that the native sub-tropical evergreen forests, which are naturally fire intolerant, can regenerate alongside moderate burning, and once the shrub stage is reached, succession to closed forest is relatively rapid and can occur within 13 years. More than one burn, however, is more destructive, and twice-burnt areas were seen to have only one-third of the woody biomass of once-burnt plots. The most frequent fires occurred in areas where mono-cultural plantations had been destroyed by disease in the 1960s and were subsequently invaded by grasslands. These former plantation areas remained in early successional stages of grass and open shrubland by 2015. Other plantations from the 1970s and 1980s remain as plantations today and have acted as a barrier to natural forest succession, attesting to the greater effectiveness of fire control over re-afforestation measures.
This article argues that in the three instances in Luke-Acts where the phrase ‘And suddenly, two men. . .’ occurs, Luke 9, Luke 24 and Acts 1, the author expects us to understand that these men are ...Moses and Elijah, who are named in the first occurrence at the Transfiguration. This interpretation makes literary, audience expectation, and theological sense, creating a deeper understanding of the significance of the two prophets for the proclamation of the resurrection and the mission of the Church. It is argued that the interpretation that the ‘two men’ are ‘angels,’ like Gabriel, does not pay sufficient attention to the details of the text and reads across an understanding that the ‘men’ are ‘angels’ from Luke 24 to Acts 1 without warrant.
•Mixotrophic denitrification (C/N = 3) was achieved in the pyrite-based VFCW.•The highest TN and TP removal rate were achieved with the pyrite addition (100%).•The mixed addition of pyrite was better ...for N and P removal.•The autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria were significantly promoted by pyrite.
Deep nitrogen removal from low-carbon wastewater is a pressing water treatment challenge as of yet. Eight sets of vertical-flow constructed wetland (VFCW) intensified by pyrite were designed and applied to treat with low C/N ratio wastewater in this research. The results showed that the addition of pyrite (100% added) significantly promoted TN removal with an efficiency higher than 27.05% under low C/N ratio conditions, indicating that mixotrophic denitrification was achieved in VFCW. Microbial analysis showed that the community structure and diversity of microorganisms were changed significantly, and the growth of autotrophic (Thiobacillus) and heterotrophic bacteria (Thauera) concomitantly enhanced. It is recommended that the addition amount of pyrite is 75% of the wetland volume, meantime, mixing evenly with 25% high porosity substrate (such as activated carbon, volcanic stone, etc.), which could enhance the effective adhesion of microorganisms and their contact area with pyrite, ultimately improve the denitrification capacity of the VFCW.
La sentencia comentada determina de una manera adecuada la ley que debe aplicarse a la sucesión de un extranjero con residencia habitual en España. En concreto, determina que es aplicable la de su ...residencia habitual en un territorio foral
Secondary succession on abandoned agricultural lands can produce climate change mitigation co-benefits, such as soil carbon sequestration. However, the accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) in ...Mediterranean regions has been difficult to predict and is subject to multiple environmental and land management factors. Gains, losses, and no significant changes have all been reported. Here we compile chronosequence data (n = 113) from published studies and new field sites to assess the response of SOC to agricultural land abandonment in peninsular Spain. We found an overall SOC accumulation rate of +2.3% yr−1 post-abandonment. SOC dynamics are highly variable and context-dependent. Minimal change occurs on abandoned cereal croplands compared to abandoned woody croplands (+4% yr−1). Accumulation is most prevalent within a Goldilocks climatic window of ~13–17 °C and ~450–900 mm precipitation, promoting >100% gains after three decades. Our secondary forest field sites accrued 40.8 Mg C ha−1 (+172%) following abandonment and displayed greater SOC and N depth heterogeneity than natural forests demonstrating the long-lasting impact of agriculture. Although changes in regional climate and crop types abandoned will impact future carbon sequestration, abandonment remains a low-cost, long-term natural climate solution best incorporated in tandem with other multipurpose sustainable land management strategies.
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•113 field sites spanning 60 years of agricultural land abandonment were compiled.•Soil organic carbon accumulates by +2.3% yr–1 post-abandonment across Spain.•Abandoned woody croplands are greater carbon sinks than abandoned cereal croplands.•Most accumulation occurs at ~13–17 °C MAT and ~450–900 mm MAP.•More SOC and N depth heterogeneity in secondary forests than natural forests.
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) has aroused widespread pollution in industrial wastewater. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) was proved powerful in organics degradation and simultaneous resource recovery ...during wastewater treatment. However, the TBBPA biotransformation potential, pathway and the related molecular mechanism remain poorly understood. In this study, the enhanced degradation and detoxification performance of TBBPA in MFC anode was confirmed, evidenced by the shorter degradation period (2.3 times shorter) and less generation of bisphenol A. UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis verified TBBPA metabolism went through reductive debromination, hydrolytic debromination, oxidative ring cleavage and o-methylation. Accompanied with those biochemical processes, the metabolites underwent dynamic changes. The distinctly decreased abundance and fewer interactions with other functional genera for the potential reductive dehalogenators (Pseudomonas, etc.) possibly led to the suppressed reductive debromination (5.1%) in the closed bioanode. Otherwise, the more abundant potential function bacteria with more collaborated interrelations, including hydrolytic dehalogenators (Acinetobacter, etc.), aromatics degrading bacteria (Geobacter, Holophaga, etc.) and electroactive bacteria (Geobacter, Desulfovibrio, etc.) made great sense to the enhanced hydrolytic debromination and detoxification of TBBPA. This study revealed that MFC anode was beneficial to TBBPA degradation and provided theoretical support for the decomposition and transformation of micro-pollutants in the municipal sewage treatment coupled with MFC process.
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•Microbial fuel cells greatly favored TBBPA bio-degradation and detoxification.•Dynamic route via reductive/hydrolytic debromination, ring cleavage and methylation.•Electroactive, debromination and aromatics degrading related genera dominated.•More tightened interactions and collaboration of dominated genera were found.
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