Packed with conceptual sketches and photos, real world case studies and green construction details, this book provides a wealth of practical guidelines and essential insights that will facilitate the ...design of green buildings. Written in an easy to understand style, the Handbook draws on over 35 years of personal experience across the world, offering vital information and penetrating insights into two major building rating systems such as LEED and BREEAM both used extensively in the United States, Europe, Asia and the Middle East.
Develop a project schedule that allows for systems testing and commissioning.
Create contract plans and specifications to ensure building performance
A step-by-step approach for integrating technologies into the different stages of design and execution.
Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials, yet its production is associated with significant environmental impacts. One approach to mitigate such impacts is to use alternative ...aggregates. However, the limited knowledge about the availability and benefits of these unconventional materials, as well as concerns about their quality and performance, have hindered their adoption. This paper aims to analyse the potential benefits and limitations of using alternative aggregates in concrete by reviewing examples from three primary sources: construction and demolition waste (CDW), end-of-life materials (i.e., tyre rubber, glass, and plastic), and forest and agricultural waste (i.e., rice husk, wood, and hemp). First, the main sources and treatment needs are analysed. Then, a comprehensive macro analysis is provided on the physical and mechanical properties of concrete materials, discussing the results in terms of the aggregate nature and substitution ranges. The collected experimental data are also compared with estimations based on different models from two published codes, suggesting that more specific design-oriented models need to be developed to relate concrete's physical and mechanical properties using different waste-type aggregate replacements. Selected data analyses are presented to help the readers obtain the optimum content for specific structural or non-structural applications. Examples of successful application of alternative aggregates in construction projects and products are also provided and discussed.
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Waste Foundry sand (WFS), a major solid waste from metal casting industry, is posing a significant environmental threat owing to its disposal to landfills. In this research, an innovative artificial ...intelligence technique i.e. Multi-Expression Programming (MEP) is applied to model the split tensile strength (ST) and modulus of elasticity (E) of concrete containing waste foundry sand (CWFS). The presented formulations correlate mechanical properties with four input variables i.e. w/c, foundry sand content, superplasticizer content and compressive strength. The results of statistical analysis validate the model accuracy as evident by the low values of objective function (0.033 for E and 0.052 for ST). Moreover, the average error in the predicted values is significantly low i.e. 0.287 MPa and 1.75 GPa for ST and E model, respectively. Parametric study depicts that the models are well trained to accurately predict the trends of mechanical properties with variation in mix parameters. The prediction models can promote the usage of WFS in green concrete thereby preventing waste disposal and contributing towards and sustainable construction.
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•WFS, a hazardous solid waste, causes adverse environmental impact.•Artificial intelligence is used to model mechanical properties of green concrete.•Validation and parametric study is performed to ensure the accuracy of models.•Application of proposed models can contribute towards sustainable construction.
Pervious concrete has made a comeback as a green infrastructure solution for urban areas. The fast adoption of the permeable pavement practice by many cities worldwide warrants an urgent response ...from researchers to address the lack of standards for mixture optimization, pavement design, and characterization methods, which results in field placements with insufficient strength and durability. These critical issues are the topic of this review paper. Laboratory test results relevant to the mechanical and hydrological performance of pervious concrete, e.g., compressive and flexural strength, impact and abrasion resistance, porosity and permeability, and their interrelationships are discussed in great detail. The use of additives, alternative binders, fillers, and fibers from natural sources and waste streams and their impact on pervious concrete performance parameters is reviewed. Efforts in computational modeling of mechanical, structural, and hydrological behavior of pervious concrete materials and pervious concrete pavements are also presented. Based on this extensive review of state of the art on these important matters, the areas of need for future research are identified.
•Studies of mixture composition optimization and characterization methods are discussed.•Review of effect of waste materials on pervious concrete mixture design and mechanical performance is presented.•Statistical models of pervious concrete mechanical properties are summarized.•Numerical modeling of pervious concrete stress-strain behavior and permeability are reviewed.•State of the art of pervious concrete pavement design is discussed.
Cement asphalt emulsion mixture (CAEM) is an environmentally sustainable substitute for hot mix asphalt and can trigger a substantial economic benefit. This paper systematically reviews the ...interactions between the organic–inorganic composites and their influence on the performance of CAEM. First, the interactions between asphalt emulsion (AE) and cement are introduced. Next, the demulsification of AE and hydration of cement in the CAEM system are analyzed. Finally, the fresh properties of CA paste, the static and dynamic mechanical properties of CA mortar and its applications in ballastless slab tracks, and the road performance of CAEM and its applications in pavement construction are discussed. This review allows for a better understanding of the interaction of the organic–inorganic composite and thus has a better strategy to regulate the performance of CAEM and promote its practical application.
There is a big shift towards sustainable construction projects in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Sustainable construction projects are riskier than traditional projects. The purpose of this paper is ...to identify and assess the risks in sustainable construction projects in the UAE. This will help project participants to properly manage these risks in their projects. A list of thirty risks was identified based on literature review. These risks were grouped into five categories: management, technical, green team, green materials and regulatory/economic. A survey was then developed and sent to professionals from the UAE. The respondents evaluated each risk in terms of its probability of occurrence and potential impact. Forty-four responses were collected. The thirty risks were ranked based on the risk severity (probability multiplied by impact). The top five risks are shortage of clients' funding, insufficient or incorrect sustainable design information, design changes, unreasonably tight schedule for sustainable construction and poor scope definition in sustainable construction. Risk identification and assessment are important part of project risk management. This allows for appropriate risk response planning and control.
This paper explores the environmental impacts of large-scale 3D printing (3DP) construction in comparison to conventional construction methods using two different types of construction material: ...concrete and cob (a sustainable earth-based material). The study uses a standard Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, from cradle to site, to assess the environmental impacts of the construction materials and processes, with a focus on load-bearing walls in small/medium size houses. As expected, cob-based methods (conventional followed by 3DP) show lower overall environmental impacts and global warming potentials than the concrete-based methods. The study also shows that while the overall environmental impacts of 3DP concrete is higher than that of 3DP cob due to higher global warming potential, stratospheric ozone depletion and fine particulate matter formation, it has less impact on marine eutrophication, land use, and mineral resources scarcity. The environmental issues that remain to be overcome in relation to 3DP concrete is its high-cement content, while the issue in 3DP cob rises from the use of electricity for the 3D printing operation. The study indicates that the use of renewable energy resources and innovative material science can greatly increase the potentials of both 3DP cob and 3DP concrete respectively for future construction.
•Evaluation of the environmental performance of robotic 3D printing in construction.•Introducing 3D printed cob as a new sustainable construction method.•LCA used for comparing 3D printed cob and concrete to conventional concrete construction.•3D printing technology reveals environmental potentials for sustainable construction.
This bibliometric review of research aimed to document and synthesize research trends in the domain of ‘sustainable construction’ (SCON) over the past 25 years. Through bibliographical analysis of ...2,877 Scopus-indexed documents, the review found that this is very recent literature with over 80% of the relevant documents published since 2010. It is a global literature with significant contributions from both economically developed and developing societies. Citation analysis identified key authors and documents that have shaped the evolution of this literature. Author co-citation analysis, used to identify the intellectual structure of the SCON knowledge base, surfaced four ‘schools of thought’ or dominant lines of inquiry. In order of size and significance these were Alternative Materials for Sustainable Construction, Sustainable Construction Management, Recycling and Waste Reduction, and Social Sustainability in Construction Management. Results of keyword co-occurrence analysis reaffirmed these findings concerning the conceptual structure of the SCON knowledge base, including the conclusions that ‘social sustainability’ represents the ‘weakest’ dimension and ’alternative materials’ the leading edge of this sustainability literature.
The paper presents the issues related to the excessive use of natural resources and the possibility of its reduction through the use of ash deposited in landfills. Two different ashes from the ...combustion of various types of biomass (coconutshell and sunflower) were used and compared with each other. As part of the tests, thechemical composition of the ashes used was checked and samples of cement and standard mortars were made using the two types of fly ash. The research shows that the chemical composition is similar to the volatile chemical composition of conventional burning pavilions. It should be noted that the type and origin of the ash used for the results obtained is important. The use of ashes as a partial substitute for standard sand increased the compressive strength of all tested samples from 1 to over 17%. Ash additions reduced the compressive strengthdrop after frost resistance testing by 3 to 15%, and slightly increased the absorbency by 2 to 6% relative to control samples. An important advantage is that the use of ash as a substitute for standard sand allows you to reduce the consumption of natural resources.